有上界變量 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [yǒushàngjièbiànliáng]
有上界變量
英文
upper bounded variables-
Perfect pre - processing and post - processing function is one of the main factors to evaluate the vitality and market value of the finite element analysis system surveying today development of finite element analysis technology, most of which concentrate on establishing fine user interface, also has some limitation on application, and especially, the research on the visualization of arbitrary cut - plane is always in ascendants to realize the visual processing on cut - plane needs reprocessing the results of finite element analysis which have get, so the algorithm is two parts : seeking the physical value of cut - plane and drawing 2d contours, the former, based on the theory of stress on " arbitrary inclined plane " in physical mechanics, use the method of linear interpolation method to get the coordination and physical value of intersection between cut - plane and element arris ; the latter, based on the tables on elements, nodes, stress and strain, summarize a rapid algorithm of generating 2d contours based on the grid. this thesis synthesizes there two parts and get a visual processing program under fortran
縱觀有限元分析技術的發展，目前大多集中在建立良好的用戶界面上的研究仍存在許多應用上的局限性，其中對任意剖面上可視化的研究仍處于方興未艾的階段。要實現任意剖面上可視化處理，必須先將得到的有限元計算結果進行再處理，因此在演算法上分為兩部分：求任意剖面上物理量值的演算法及二維等值線演算法。前一部分以彈性力學中「任意斜截面的應力」為理論基礎，利用線性插值方法得到截面與單元棱邊的交點坐標及交點物理量值；在此基礎上；根據已得到的單元及節點序號表、應力應變物理量表，總結出一種基於有限元剖分網格的快速生成二維等值線的演算法。In view of bearing capacity of the elastoplastic theory analysis, the author made a comparison between the achieved bearing capacity limit load pi / 4 of round base ( space problem ) and the limit load pi / 4 of bar groundwork foundation design ( plane problem ) from soil mechanics at home and abroad as well as foundation criterion, and explained why the value of formula in present design criterion from soil mechanics is inclined to be conservative. in the light of the author ' s many years experience of vibration test on the spot and the research work of relevant projects, the author worked over the dynamic pile testing of the bearing capacity of foundation and batholith, and gathered the parameter of dynamic analysis and testing. the author also talked over the difficult point of pile foundation design criteria in present batholith engineering world, i. e. the confirmation of batholith bearing capacity of pile end, from the following aspects : a ) confirmation of single axis counter - pressure strength of rock in house ; b ) f. e. m calculation of elastoplastic model ; c ) calculation of soil mechanics ; d ) deep well load test
然後，對巖土工程領域至今尚未解決，甚至不為人注意的考慮地基變形的地基承載力問題進行了實用化的探討，提出了考慮地基變形的地基承載力上程計算方法；對基於彈塑性理論分析的地基承載力國內尚未見報道的空間問題得到了圓形基礎（空間問題）的承載力界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，並與國內外土力學專著及地基基礎設計規范中的條形基礎（平面問題）的界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，進行了對比，從而定量上解釋了目前設計規范引用土力學承載力公式值偏於保守的這一情況；根據本文作者多年從事現場地基工程振動試驗及相關課題的研究工作，本文以截頭錐模型模擬地基，對地基（巖基）承載力的動測法進行了研究，為各類地基（包括巖基） ，匯總了動力分析和檢測川的參數：針對日前巖土工程界應用樁基設計規范中的難點? ?樁端巖基承載力的確定問題，從巖石室內單軸抗壓強度確定、基於彈塑性模型的有限單元法計算、土力學計算及深斤載荷試驗四方面進行了深入討論；本文作者根據多年現場載荷試驗的工程實踐，對深井荷試驗裝置的核心部分? ?反力裝置，設計了側壁支撐反力加載系統，該加載系統具有實用、簡便、穩定及安個等優點。I would thou couldst ; for who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor s wrong, the proud man s contumely, the law s delay, and the quietus which his pangs might take, in the dead waste and middle of the night, when churchyards yawn in customary suits of solemn black, but that the undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns, breathes forth contagion on the world, and thus the native hue of resolution, like the poor cat i the adage, is sicklied o er with care, and all the clouds that lowered o er our housetops, with this regard their currents turn awry, and lose the name of action
但願您做得到誰願忍受人世的鞭撻和嘲弄，壓迫者的虐待，傲慢者的凌辱，法律的拖延，和痛苦可能帶來的解脫，在這夜半死寂的荒涼里，墓穴洞開，禮俗的黑色喪服，一片陰森。但是那世人有去無還的冥界，正向人間噴出毒氣陣陣，因此那剛毅的本色，象古語所說的那隻可憐的小貓，就被煩惱蒙上了一層病容，一切壓在我們屋頂上的陰雲，因此改變了漂浮的方向，失去了行動的力量。那正是功德無量。Are i. i. d. random variables bounded above while the infection rate is a constant. the contact process survives locally for every
是獨立同分佈而且有上界的隨機變量，感染的速率是常數Dual simplex method of linear programming with bounded variables
變量有上界的線性規劃的對偶單純形方法In this paper a dual simplex method for linear programming with bounded variables was given, which generalizes and extends the classic dual simplex method for a general linear programming
摘要給出變量有上界的線性規劃問題的對偶單純形演算法，該演算法包含了一般線性規劃問題的對偶單純形演算法，為解變量有上界的線性規劃問題提供了又一種方法。The empirical issue of income convergence has been concluded that there appears to be local convergence without global convergence, once different factors are controlled for, the evidence then points to the existence of conditional convergence
經驗研究表明，世界上只有局部趨同而沒有全球?圍內的趨同，一旦對不同的要素變量加以控制，將出現條件趨同。In this dissertation, the numerical computation for the acoustic radiation problem ( arp ) is studied deeply and systematically in the theory, method and the application technique, based on analyzing the situation of the home and abroad on the numerical computation for the acoustic radiation problem. the calculation formulas of the boundary element method ( bem ) for the exterior acoustic radiation problem in the full - space and half - space are deduced, based on the wave propagation theorem ; the arising of the non - unique solutions, which is associated with the application of the boundary integral equation ( bie ) in acoustic radiation problem, is analyzed and proofed ; the improved combined helmholtz integral equation formulation ( ichief ) is presented to overcome the non - uniqueness problem more effectively and reliably ; the determination of the singular integral coefficients on various occasions is analyzed ; the properties and treatments of the singular integrals with different orders axe studied ; the computation program of the cubic spline ichief is developed and its ability to overcome the non - uniqueness problem and feasibility to discrete the surface coarsely with the sufficient calculation precision are examined through examples
第二章在聲波動理論基礎上，詳細地推導出對應于無限域和半無限域的外部振動聲輻射問題的邊界積分方程計算公式；根據fredholm積分理論，對利用邊界積分方程計算振動聲輻射問題過程中解的非唯一性的產生進行了分析和證明；改進了chief法以提高其克服解的非唯一性的有效性和可靠性；對不同條件下奇性系數的計算、強奇性積分的收斂性及其在變量替換時與普通積分的差異性、不同階奇性積分的計算、數值求積分等進行了研究；開發了三次樣條改進chief法計算軟體，並通過算例考核了該方法在特徵波數處克服解的非唯一性的有效性和在保證計算精度的前提下實現剖分粗化以提高計算效率的可行性。With the using of microsoft visual basic 6. 0, a multimedia computer - aided design system of small type pumping irrigation district is developed in this paper. provided with the live multimedia messages as well as a good man - machine conversation mechanism, this system can help the user to finish the planning of an pumping irrigated area such as the layout of canal system, the selection of pump models, the establishment of the irrigation program, the calculating of canals " parameters, the estimate of the project magnitude, the selection of the field constructions, the economic analysis of the project, the output of results, etc, a new oo ( object oriented ) programming method is adopted in this system, various softwares are integrated in this systems as well by the " automation " technic provided by vb, in addition, the multimedia technic is applied to this system for the first time, it makes the system easy to ope rate. as for the optimization of the canals " section, a new optimization method is adopted based on the existing theories about the canals " section, and in this way, with the purpose of minimizing the project ' s investment as well as a stalized canal, limited by the longituding slope, the canals " best feasible parameters can be deduced. furthermore, a integral method to reckon the earth work is developed in this paper, by this way, the estimate precision of the earthwork is enhanced notably. this paper includes the particular illumination for the developing procedure of each systems " segment, and in the end, the directions of the system are demonstrated in a sample area which lies in the zhaija village, taizhou city, jiangsu province, the running results showed that the initial purposes are achieved effectively, and it has a preferable practicability
在渠道縱橫斷面優化方面，本文在利用已經比較成熟的縱橫斷面優化理論的基礎上，提出以工程總費用最小為目標函數，以渠道縱坡i為控制變量，以渠道不沖不淤流速及灌區允許地面比降為約束條件，通過縱橫斷面聯動優化的方法得到渠道的最佳工程可行的斷面參數。另外，針對部分地區的取土困難的狀況，本文採用積分法計算渠道工程土方量，從而大大提高了土方量的估算精度，有助於準確控制工程投資規模及資金投向。本文詳細闡述了該系統所採用的編程方法、系統構成、系統各組成模塊的開發過程以及灌區規劃所採用的優化方法及原理，最後應用本系統對泰州市翟家村機電灌區進行規劃設計，運行結果證明其操作比較簡便，界面友好，運行速度快，規劃成果合理，基本達到了系統預定的要求，具備較強的實用性。It is desirable for all related insiders and outsiders to discern all potential risk in advance. this paper, with the adoption of special treatment resulted from abnormal financial position as the indicator of financial distress, the univariate variable analysis and multiple variable analysis as the research approach and some financial ratios as variable, tries to find an optimal financial distress prediction model of chinese manufacturing listed companies based on public accounting data. our finding demonstrate that five general financial ratios and three ratios concerning the cash flow have better predicting ability, the erroneous classification ratio are low. these five general financial ratios are earning per share, return on net assets, return on gross assets, growth rate of net profits, growth rate of net assets ; the three ratios concerning the cash flow are net cash flows from operating activities per share, net re - earnable cash flows / current liability, net cash flows from operating activities / net profit
研究結果表明，在單變量分析中，每股收益、凈資產收益率、總資產報酬率、凈利潤增長率、凈資產增長率這5個財務比率的錯分率較低、預測能力較強；經營活動凈現金流量與凈利潤之比、每股經營現金流量、可重復賺取的現金凈流量與流動負債之比這三個現金流量財務比率對于預測上市公司財務困境具有有效性；多變量分析中，應用費雪判別分析和典則判別分析得到兩個判別模型，在典則判別分析中，應用兩種方法確定所建模型的最佳分界點，檢測證明應用所得兩個判別模型進行財務困境預測的準確率很高。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。The 30m tonnes of extra maize going to ethanol this year amounts to half the fall in the world ' s overall grain stocks
今年有3千萬噸玉米變成了乙醇，這相當於世界總體穀物市場上下降量的一半。We take fourteen commercial banks at home as the researching samples on the basis of the conclusion of the research production in existence home and abroad. then according to the principles of the dea method, the dea model is founded when the in - put and out - put variables are confirmed from universality, accrual and bank capital adequacy
總結了國內外現有研究成果，在這一基礎上選取國內十四家商業銀行為研究樣本，根據dea方法的原理，從一般性、獲利性和資本適足性三個層面界定銀行的投入產出變量，據此建立了dea模型。In this paper a numerical method for equations of transport and biodegradation in the fractured media is discussed. because the equations consist of terms related to advection, diffusion, biochemical as well as the term of exchange betwen the fracture and the porous media, it is very difficult to find their solution. in order to find more efficient method for solving these equations, several numerical methods for the equations without biochemical terms are discussed first. the numerical results show that the cubic spline method can be used to solve advection flow dominated problem which often occurred in the fractured media. then, the equation with both advection - diffusion term and biochemical term are discussed. the splitting - operator is used to decouple the advection and diffusion terms with biochemical term in the equations. the way to determine the smaller time step for solving fast biochemical terms is introduced through comparing the order of characteristic time of biochemical term with that advection ( diffusion ) term. numerical simulation results show that good agreement between analytical solution and experiment result is attained
本文討論了含裂隙介質地下水污染物輸運與生物降解非線性方程組數值求解方法.方程含有對流項、擴散項、生長、死亡、吸附、解吸、趨化和孔隙與裂隙介質界面間的交換項的非線性偶合，使演算法十分困難.本文討論了無生化過程時的幾種求解方法，數值結果表明：用三次迎風插值法對常見的對流項占優勢，且場變量有較大梯度的問題較適用.在討論有生化反應過程時，利用對流項與生化反應項的特徵時間量級估算，給出了求生化過程作用子步的時間步長估算辦法.用上述方法所得到的模擬結果與解析解、無化學反應和有化學反應的實測值對比，吻合很好The solving steps are as follows : the field is divided into three regions by the cylindrical surface of the finite - length cylinder and the location of the delta - coils. because " the surface current source is placed at the interface, the non - homogenous restricted equation on the magnetic vector potential is transformed into the homogenous helmholtz equation. by using the method of separation of variables to solve equation and according to the interface conditions and the condition at infinity to determine the unknown constants, the expressions for the magnetic vector potential of the three regions are solved out
在求解過程中，假定放置式圓柱線圈是由無窮多個對稱圓環線圈密饒而成，首先求解含有有限長磁芯的通電對稱圓環線圈的電磁場：以有限長圓柱磁芯的側面和圓環線圈所在圓柱面為分界面將場域劃分為三個小區域，由於場源放置在內邊界面上，使得關于矢量磁位的非齊次約束方程轉化成齊次亥姆霍茲方程，利用分離變量法求解，根據分界面鄭州大學碩十研究生畢業論文摘要條件以及無限遠條件確定待定常數，從而得到各場區矢量磁位的表達式。In this paper, after studying the interface instability problems with complicated interfaces and the front tracking method, we rewrite the i / o files and initialization part of frontier code and append many new functions and variables in this code. the new code version can be applied successfully to complicated interface problems, which set up a good foundation to farther developments
本文在對復雜界面的界面不穩定性問題進行研究分析的基礎之上，通過改寫該軟體的初始化和輸入、輸出部分，並加入了大量新的函數和變量，成功實現了界面形狀的改變和改形后的相應計算，彌補了軟體現有的不足，為其適應實際工程應用要求奠定了基礎。In this papcr, wc discussed the fully discrete multi - type risk model and several random variables relate to the time of ruin. the recursive formulas and explicit expressions of ruin probability and the distribution law of the surplus immediately before ruin were obtained. by " martingale approach ", wc get an upper bound of ruin probability
本文在經典風險模型的基礎上建立了完全離散的多險種風險模型並對該模型討論了幾個和破產時刻有關的隨機變量。得到了破產概率以及破產前盈餘的分佈律的遞推解和顯式解，採用鞅方法，我們得到了一個破產概率的一個上界。The method proposed in this paper is a generalization of basis deficiency - allowing variation of the simplex method to linear programming problems with bound constraints
為克服單純形演算法中退化現象帶來的困擾，本文在文[ 1 ]的基礎上進一步提出虧基有界變量單純形演算法，並證明了演算法的收斂性In 1860, schrodinger first put forward the concept " schrodinger equations " in quantum mechanics and since then, the study on schrodinger equations has never stopped, for the mathematical description of many physical phenomena belongs to the field of schrodinger equations, such as nonlinear optic, plasma physics, fluid mechanics etc. as for the form of schrodinger equations, linear schrodinger equations was gradually replaced by nonlinear schrodinger equations ; as for the methods of solving schrodinger equations, the modulus estimate of energy, the principle of contraction mapping, fourier transformation and harmonic analysis are used ; as for the space of the solutions, many people have worked on the problem in bounded domain, euclidean space of dimension n, periodic bounded conditions and mixed regions and they also combined it with the generalization from low dimension to high dimension
） dinger方程，如非線性光學、等離子物理、流體力學[ 21 ]等；在方程形式上，從線性schr （ ? ） dinger方程到非線性schr （ ? ） dinger方程；在處理方法上，用能量模估計、壓縮映象原理和fourier變換調和分析等；在方程解空間上，研究有界區域、 n維歐氏空間、周期性有界區域和混合區域等，並且結合從低維向高維推廣。Every time we remember god, every time we remember the holy names of god, we are empowered with purity, holiness and blessings. and whoever is in the same consciousness, same level with us, will be united with us at that moment. and we add it to the force, to the positive force to purify the world and to make the world a better and better place, and to help those people who have similar minds with us to be more enforced, and to help those who come in contact with our thoughts, come in contact with our presence, to have more power, to raise themselves up
每當我們想念上帝想念上帝的聖名時，就會受到純凈神聖的加持，我們會更有力量，這個時候，任何與我們有同樣意識等級的人，會和我們結合在一起，然後我們凝聚肯定的力量來凈化世界，使世界變得越來越好，同時也會幫助那些和我們擁有同樣理想的人，幫助那些接觸到我們本人或我們思想的人，使他們更有力量，提升他們自己的靈性，這就是我們幫助世界最好的方法。分享友人