有效坡度 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yǒuxiàopōdù]
有效坡度 英文
effective gradient
  • 有 : 有副詞[書面語] （表示整數之外再加零數）: 30 有 5 thirty-five; 10 有 5年 fifteen years
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 坡 : Ⅰ名詞（地面傾斜的地方） slope Ⅱ形容詞（傾斜） sloping; slanting
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 有效 : effective; valid; efficacious
  • 坡度 : falling gradient; slope; inclination; declivity; pitch; batter
  1. They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem

    本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。
  2. And the major results and some new viewpoints were presented as follow : 1 ) sediment content of cn tillage system in runoff process is substantially low compared to st under rainfall with high intensity, showing cn bear the efficient capacity of control soil loss. nevertheless, when soil is saturated, the runoff intensity of both tillage systems is near, implicating cn has the limited function of reducing runoff. 2 ) based on the case analysis of observed all rainfall - runoff generation processes, a ) the initiation time hysteresis of surface runoff generation is notable when rainfall fall upon the unsaturated purple soils, which is attributed to the property of rapid water sorption and much non - capillary porosity

    經近幾年的觀測和理論分析，取得了以下結果和創新的認識： 1 ）在降雨強度較大的情況下，保護性耕作制? ?聚土免耕的產沙強度明顯較常規耕作制? ?順坡耕作的小，說明聚土免耕耕作制防治土壤流失是有效的；但當土壤達到飽和后，聚土免耕的徑流強度與常規耕作的差異較小，產沙強度也增大，因此，聚土免耕防治水土流失的能力是有限的。
  3. This paper, in the light of the special geological environment and actual project situation of the three gorges reservoir area, puts forward a comprehensive analysis and evaluation system suitable for the stability analysis of the bank landslide of the three gorges reservoir area under the premise of thorough consideration of the water influence on the stability of the bank landslide, and obtains the following achievements in several aspects that have the practical application significance and certain scientific research value : ( 1 ) it is discovered that the water activity is the primary factor of the formation of the new landslide and the revival of the ancient landslide. on the one hand, the rising underwater level reduces the actual stress of landslide ; on the other hand, the long time soaking of the underwater reduces the mechanics intensity of the landslide and the slide belt, both of which reduce directly the landslide stability ; ( 2 ) in view of the special condition of the three gorges reservoir area, this paper analyzes systematically the forces acted on the landslide of the three gorges reservoir area and the force varieties acted on the divided landslide when the water level changes between 175 meters and 145 meters. thus it is more scientific and comprehensive for the analysis of the forces acted on the landslide ; ( 3 ) this paper summaries systematically 10 kinds of typical computation projects by organic combinations of different kinds of situations in the dry season ( nature statue ), rainy season ( rainstorm or rains for a long time condition ), with 175m water level in the reservoir, during the earthquake, with the water level of the reservoir adjusted from 175m to 145m and so on, and produces

    本文針對長江三峽庫區特殊的地質環境與工程實際情況，在充分考慮水對庫岸滑體穩定性影響的前提下，提出了一個適用於長江三峽庫岸滑坡體穩定性分析的綜合分析評價體系，並取得了如下幾個方面具有工程實際意義和一定科學研究價值的研究成果： （ 1 ）研究結果發現，水的活動是新滑坡形成或古滑坡復活的主要因素，一方面是由於地下水位升高降低了滑坡體的有效應力，另一方面是由於地下水的長期浸泡降低滑體及滑帶的力學強度，這兩方面的因素均將直接降低滑坡的穩定性； （ 2 ）針對三峽庫區的特殊條件，系統分析了作用於三峽庫區滑坡體上的力系和庫水位在175m與145m間變化時滑體條塊的受力變化，從而使對作用於滑坡體上的力系分析更科學、更全面； （ 3 ）通過對滑體處于旱季（天然狀態） 、雨季（暴雨或長期降雨狀態） 、 175m庫水位、地震以及庫水位由175m調節下降至145m等各種不同情況的有機組合，本文系統地歸納總結出了10種典型計算工況，並具體給出了相應的作用荷載的計算方法，使在庫區岸坡滑體穩定性分析評價時對計算工況選擇及其作用荷載的計算更具規范性； （ 4 ）具體運用c + + builder開發了關于滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價系統，使對滑坡體穩定性分析計算更方便、更準確； （ 5 ）將上述滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價系統應用於重慶市豐都縣名山滑坡穩定性分析的具體事例中，分析結果表明，本文所提出滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價方法對三峽庫區的滑坡穩定性分析是實用可行的。
  4. Abstract : in accordance with the problems in the system of well storing rainfall at present, based on the experiments of artificial simulating rainfall, and assistance with the measures of natural rainfall, the relationships among the surface runoff yield, silt concentration, catching runoff efficiency and the material of surface, slope gradient, rainfall intensity are analysed systematically. then, the best slope gradient and material of surface are chosen, in condition of which surface rainfall yield is the largest and silt concentration is the smallest. this is a beneficial study for the practical use of the rainwater catchment plot in furture

    文摘:針對當前旱井集雨系統存在的問題，利用人工降雨試驗，並輔以天然降雨觀測，系統分析了旱井集流區的產流量、含沙率、集流效率與下墊面材料、坡度、降雨強度的關系，進而選出了最優坡度及最優下墊面材料，為今後旱井集流區的應用研究做了有益的探討。
  5. According to the crt rule and the concrete situations of zhuolu county, the grading standards included seven main factors ( slope, soil body thickness, condition of irrigation, o. m., soil texture, salt - status, soil body configuration )

    根據crt值法則和涿鹿縣具體情況，採用特爾菲法，確定了分等因素指標集，該因素指標集包括：坡度、有效土層厚度、灌溉保證率、有機質、質地、鹽漬化、剖面構型七個主要因素。
  6. The works would include creation of negative pressure gradient in wards, provision of 100 per cent fresh air supply and dilution of bioload in sufficient air change rates, installation of high efficiency particulate air filters to filter out droplets and aerosols, and the provision of en - suite toiletshower facilities in ward cubicles where building structure and existing building services installations permit

    工程將包括在病房內製造負氣壓坡度；以足夠的換氣率，供應百分之百的新鮮空氣以及稀釋空氣中的微生物含量；安裝高效能空氣粒子過濾器，過濾飛沫和噴霧；以及在建築結構和現有屋宇裝備許可的情況下，在病房單間內提供獨立洗手間和淋浴設施。
  7. The principal conclusions include : ( a ) the composite system is composed of both active - bearing structural members and inactive - bearing ones, being of a character of combination of rigid retaining structures with flexible ones, so its working mechanism will be behaved as sharing loadings, waterproof and impermeability, loading transfer, local reinforcement and pre - reinforcement ; ( b ) the experimental results show that much more subsoil will participate in retaining action, soil stresses of internal slope will be shared uniformly and deflections caused by excavation will be reduced notably because of cooperation of nails and cement - soil mixing pile wall ; and ( c ) the internal forces of facing in vertical model will be a control factor of design and the cross section tensile strength of cement - soil wall will govern strength of the

    主要研究結論有： （ 1 ）復合土釘支護的作用機理主要為臨時加固土體以保證局部穩定、有機聯系以共同承擔荷載、改善土體性質起到止水抗滲作用。 （ 2 ）試驗結果表明：復合土釘支護能夠充分調動周圍土體共同作用，有效地控制基坑變形；復合土釘支護中止水帷幕的插入深度和強度對控制邊坡變形與失穩有較大作用；復合土釘支護效果明顯優於一般的土釘支護。 （ 3 ）面層與邊坡土體共同變形，設計時可按外力作用下的彈性地基梁進行計算。
  8. Rain intensity has little effect on er of rapidly available k and slowly available k, and leads some decrease of er of rapidly available k. er of rapidly available k increases with the decrease of slope gradient

    雨強對速效鉀、緩效鉀的富集率影響不大，速效鉀的富集率有一定的減少；隨著坡度的減小，速效鉀富集率有增大的趨勢。
  9. Through analyzing bed ' s response to wave, in the condition that super - stratum is more hard and second - stratum is more soft in region of interest, super static interstitial hydraulic pressure amplitude die away rapidly between stratums, before in sight of boundary between hard and soft stratum, plane effective pressure increase to max. shear stress reach peak value when bed thickness is approximately 2. 7 meters, then it will decrease to the minimum on the place where the flexible soil has a common boundary with the rigidity, so the boundary is the most destroy plane on engineering. on the basis of reconnaissance in situ, in normal situation of sea, the structure slides to the basin along the boundary

    通過對底床在波浪下的響應分析，對于研究區底床上層較硬而第二層較軟的情況，超靜孔隙水壓力幅值在層間交界處迅速衰減，在臨近硬、軟地層交界處前，水平有效應力增至最大，剪切應力在底床厚度大約2 . 7米左右達到峰值，然後減小，到硬、軟層土交界位置，達到最小，因此這個界面就是最容易發生破壞的工程軟弱面，現場勘查證明，即使在正常海況下，構築物也會沿坡以此交界面為滑動面，緩慢向「盆」底滑動。
  10. It is testified that the landfall happens because of the increase in shearing stress and tensile stress. the mechanism and main prevention - cure measure of cutting the top of loess slope according to its nature gradient for the landfall are quantitatively reformed and simulated

    模擬再現了陜北宅基邊坡傷亡性黃土崩塌的形成機制，驗證了治理此類崩塌的有效措施?建成的宅基邊坡谷緣坡度不得大於天然谷緣坡度。
  11. Non - uniformity of the amplifying effect and dimension of the slope are pointed out through analysis of the distribution of the stress and sonic speed in the slope. forms of slope lost stability resulted from blasting vibration are analyzed and appraising rules of slope stability are summarized by a great deal instances on coasts. based on general discussion about calculation methods of the slope stability under the effect of blasting vibration, the synthetical method, a new one, is put forward, analyzed through a sample by and pointed out which is one of most valid methods

    利用波動理論，得出延期時間為nt / m時減震效果最好；在分析邊坡巖體內部應力、質點速度等分佈規律的基礎上，指出邊坡震動放大效應的不均勻性和邊坡尺寸效應；結合大量滑坡實例，分析了爆破震動引起邊坡失穩破壞的幾種形式，總結出邊坡穩定性評價準則；基於對邊坡穩定性計算方法的綜合分析，提出了一種綜合分析方法，通過算例計算分析，證明該法計算精確度高、功能全面，是邊坡動力穩定性分析的有效方法之一。
  12. The stability of the landslide is a critical problem for feasibility of the project, and has a direct influence upon the operation of the lower reservoir and the power system. the sliding mass has been studied by some designer in geological investigation. the study showed that guishan sliding mass is in stabilization under natural condition, is not in stabilization under vii earthquake intensity

    在前期的研究中曾對滑坡體的穩定問題進行了研究，研究結果認為從宏觀定性分析，滑體處于穩定狀態，但經過計算，在度地震烈度下，處于極限平衡或不穩定狀態，為確保工程安全，對推動式的龜山滑坡體採取削坡減載的開挖方式將是行之有效的方案，這樣可以提高滑坡體在地震條件下的穩定性，因此，研究龜山滑坡體在不同開挖方式方案條件下的穩定性問題具有非常重要的實際意義。
  13. It is shown that the bruises of geogrid are decreased if sheep - foot roller is used when lay - down thickness deeper than 30cm. the deformation of geogrid mainly comes of construction. the infiltration of rainwater is disadvantage for the stabilization of geogrid reinforced embankment

    研究表明：在填土虛鋪厚度大於30cm的情況下，採用羊腳碾壓路機碾壓能有效減小土工格柵的損傷；實際工程中土工格柵的變形主要來源於施工的影響；雨水的入滲對土工格柵加筋路堤的穩定性極為不利；水泥土是經濟合理的坡面防護措施。
  14. By using the tractitional grey forecasting model and unbiased grey forecasting model, the deformations of series of slopes are forecasted ; and the results indicate that both methods are valid and the later is more accurate

    採用傳統灰色預測模型和無偏灰色預測模型對邊坡變形進行預測，預測結果表明，兩種模型都是有效的，無偏灰色預測模型的精度更高。
  15. 3 ) the riparian buffer effectiveness is relate to field slope. 8 % slope buffer is more effective than the 5 % slope buffers at decreasing nitrogen. the slope does not seem to play a important key on phosphor concentration decrease. 4 ) a higher percent nitrogen and phosphor decrease is observed in spring compared to autumn and winter. reasons may be attributed to growth of vegetation

    坡度為8時，緩沖帶對銨氮、總氮、硝氮的消解率均高於坡度為4時的消解率，兩種不同立地模式，緩沖帶對氮營養鹽的消解率存在差異；而緩沖帶對磷的消解效率受坡度影響不大，沒有顯著差異，說明不同的立地模式對氮磷營養鹽的影響是不同的。
  16. In order to restrict the displacement of relaxed rock effectively, the factors affecting the efficacy of anchor measures are analyzed according to mechanism of action of anchor. in terms of principle orthogonal design, the influence of parameters of anchor to displacement of excavation slope are elevated by computing using finite element method simulation, and the optimal scheme of anchoring parameters including length of anchors and space between bolts and thickness of shot concrete are defined. finally, the optimal scheme of anchor parameters are determined with considering results of theory analyse and numerical calculation, which provide theory bases for engineering

    為了有效防治邊坡開挖后巖體的鬆弛變形，根據錨桿的作用機理對影響錨固效果的主要因素進行分析，並利用處理多因素試驗的科學方法?正交設計原理，以有限元數值計算為手段，以有效約束邊坡開挖位移為標準，評價了錨桿長度、錨桿間距、混凝土噴層厚度等錨固參數對邊坡變形的影響大小和規律，經過比較分析最終提出了錨固參數的優化設計方案，為工程設計提供了理論指導。
  17. Under 40cm, the contents are about 60mg / kg. 3. under the different site types, the contents of soil organic matter, total n, available n, p, k have no obviously difference. but the height of the robinia pseudoacacia, the cap of the robiniapseudoacacia, the diameter of the robinia pseudoacacia above one meter of ground, the length of new branch have the similar disciplinarian : semi - shady > sunny > semi - sunny no matter what may, july, september

    不同立地條件下土壤有機質、全氮、有效氮、速效磷和速效鉀含量差異不顯著，但刺槐的株高、冠幅、胸徑、新枝卻有明顯的差異，無論是5月份、 7月份還是9月份、其株高、冠幅、胸徑、新枝長度從大到小順序均是：半陰坡半陽坡陽坡。
  18. The qinyu landslide is one of the most serious landslide in at national high way g212, superficial research have been done in the past and the degree of understood was not enough, which resulted in the landslide has not been effectively remedied so far

    摘要秦峪滑坡是國道212線上最嚴重的滑坡之一，以前對其研究程度較淺，認識深度不夠，導致該滑坡至今未得到有效治理。
  19. The safety factor method is often adopted to evaluate the slope stability, but it does not take the randomicity and discreteness of geotechnical parameters into good consideration, which often results in the conservative result and unsafe declination. however, the method of reliability can remedy the defect effectively

    在邊坡穩定分析中一般以安全系數法作為邊坡穩定性的評價方法，但由於其沒有很好地考慮巖土參數的隨機性和離散性，經常出現設計值過于保守和存在不安全的傾向，而可靠度方法可以有效地彌補這一缺陷。
  20. In order to provide the foundation for the policies to be usefully put in practice, taking yangou basin as a case study and using day - by - day meteorological data of yanan station in 1997 to 2002, it simulated and analyzed the quantitative relation between soil and water loss and topographic condition by the aid of win - yield software

    為使生態退耕政策得到有效落實，本文基於win - yield軟體，以延安燕溝流域為例，利用1997 ~ 2002年延安站的逐日氣象數據和燕溝流域地貌、土壤及土地利用等資料，模擬分析了不同地形高程、坡度和坡向條件下坡耕地種植不同作物可能產生的水土流失量及其地形分異特徵。
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