未到價合約 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [wèidàojiàgěyāo]
未到價合約
英文
out-of the money-
Takeover offer for listed companies is the universal way to take over listed companies in modern company ' s system. in the process of taking over the listing company, minor shareholders are always in the inferior status. protection of minor shareholders " rights is an important value objective of system of takeover. how to standardize takeover offer for listed companies for protecting of minor shareholders benefit is the problem that legislation will solve and that should also be paid attention to on judicial practice. relatively typical type of takeover by offer appeared in capital market, the protection of minor shareholders ’ interests in the target company has become the purpose of legislation and added some protected measure of minor shareholders ’ interests, but the expected goal has not been achieved completely. so it is necessary to establish a perfect system to protest minor shareholders ’ interests in the target company. so we should learn more from precedent experience of legislation and perfect the relative laws and regulations on tender offer, strengthen the protection to minor shareholders, equipoise the rights and obligation of all interested parties in tender offer
中小股東合法利益的保護是要約收購制度的重要價值目標。如何規范上市公司要約收購，保護目標公司全體股東特別是中小股東的利益，既是立法要解決的問題也是司法實務中應當關注的問題。我國的資本市場上出現了較典型的要約收購方式，立法也以目標公司中小股東利益的保護為主要價值取向，創設了一些中小股東利益的保護措施，但從其運作效果來看，在要約收購中目標公司中小股東的利益仍未得到有效的保護。It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason
論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。Concern the judicatory explanation of commodity house business according to the supreme court, generally speaking, development business does not suffer commodity house to sell advertisement and the tie that publicize data content, and final both sides signs " open to booking a contract " in also do not contain relevant content certainly ; but if develop business, the building of limits and the specification that establishment place makes related its are mixed promising is specific and affirmatory, and conclude to what commodity house opens to booking a contract and house price has major effect surely really, so no matter the concerned specification on building book or promise whether to write " open to booking a contract ", all ought to regard a contract as content, once develop business to have, did not fulfill the circumstance that reach the designated position, ought to undertake responsibility of breach of contract
根據最高法院有關商品房買賣的司法解釋，一般來說，開發商並不受商品房銷售廣告和宣傳資料內容的約束，而且最終雙方簽訂的《預售合同》中也不一定包含相關內容；但是假如開發商就開發范圍的房屋及其相關設施所作的說明和允諾是具體確定的，且對商品房預售合同的訂立以及房屋價格的確定有重大影響的，那麼不論樓書上的有關說明或允諾是否寫入《預售合同》 ，均應當視為合同內容，一旦開發商有未履行到位的情況，就應當承擔違約責任。The shared features embodied in the connotations of the wa concept of ecology and the values of contemporary anthropology will help the was find the possible best integration of their tradition with their sustainable development and ensure an overall development of wa society
佤族傳統生態觀的內涵及其與當代人類價值觀的可通約處，可以使佤族在未來尋找到傳統與可持續發展的最佳結合點，以促進佤族社會的全面進步。分享友人