未加固 的英文怎麼說

The research is that : after the same cyclic number of loading times, the steel stress of reinforced beams was much smaller than that of common beam ; the deflection of reinforced beams was decreased by 40 % - 50 %, therefore, the anti - transformation of the reinforced beams is enhanced greatly

研究發現：經過相同次數的疲勞荷載作用后，完好加固梁的鋼武漢理工大學碩士學位論文筋應變小於未加固梁，加固梁的變形減少了40 %一50 % ，加固梁的疲勞壽命提高t60 % ~ 80 % 。

By carrying out the experiment of five pieces of brick masonry walls with pilaster under low reversed cyclic loading, including four pieces strengthened with gfs and one piece un - strengthened, the seismic performance, such as the hysteretic behavior, rigidity degradations deformation and energy - dissipation, are studied systematically

摘要通過1片未加固磚墻體和4片玻璃纖維布加固磚墻體抗震性能的試驗，對墻體的滯回特性、剛度退化性能、變形性能及耗能性能進行系統分析。

Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。

Since the existed research has n ' t illuminated the failure form of post - embedded reinforcing steel bar bonding anchor and its mechanism, has n ' t systematic research on factors influencing the function of post - embedded reinforcing steel bar bonding anchor, and also failed to test on the long period validity of post - embedded reinforcing steel bar bonding anchor, it is very unfavorable for the spread and application of post - embedding technique. in the meantime, the fact that the present post - embedding anchoring material is of few kinds, high prices and still - to - be - improved performance has become the bottleneck of the post - embedding technique ' s development, which has restricted its further application and development. therefore, it is of great importance to develop a new type high - performance inorganic anchoring material with reasonable price and improved performance

由於已有研究對后植鋼筋粘結錨固的失效形式、破壞機理未作出明確回答，對后植鋼筋粘結錨固性能的影響因素未進行系統研究，對后植鋼筋粘結錨固的長期有效性未予以試驗證實，不利於植筋技術這種新型結構加固技術的推廣應用，同時現有植筋錨固材料存在品種少、價格高、性能需要進一步改進和提高等局限性，已成為植筋技術發展的瓶頸，制約了植筋技術的進一步應用和發展，因此開發價格合理、性能優良的新型高性能無機質類錨固材料就顯得尤為重要和迫切。

However, this newly arisen method is associated with brittle debonding failure modes - flexural strength of the compound beams without omen cannot reach that under ductile failure modes, even that of unreinforced members

然而，這個新興的技術卻時常受到粘結破壞的困擾? ?沒有破壞徵兆，而且不能達到適筋破壞梁的承載力，甚至低於未加固梁的承載力。

Based on the shaking table test of 1 / 4 scale two - bay rc frame modes strengthened with and without cfrp ( carbon fiber - reinforced plastic ), damaged and destroyed model strengthened with cfrp, the vibration properties and seismic response and destroying position of rc frame model with cfrp are analyzed

摘要通過對兩個縮尺比為1 / 4的兩層單跨鋼筋混凝土框架結構模型的加固、未加固及其震壞后再加固的3次振動臺對比試驗，探討了其動力特性、地震反應和損傷破壞情況。

Based on the continuous damage theory, considering the shear effect, the high - order shearing, flexural and in - plane deformation coupling model is built ; through the nonlinear fem analysis of rc beams strengthened with frp, the damage theory and damage course is researched ; compared with experiment results, it shows that the model is effective ; the fem analysis software is prepared to provide simple and effective method for the engineering application ; using the soft the frp strengthened beams before and after damage is modeled so as to provide the theory base for engineering application

摘要基於連續損傷理論，考慮膠層的剪切效應，建立frp加固鋼筋混凝土梁的高階剪切彎曲及面內變形耦合模型，編制了有限元分析的軟體，進行非線性有限元分析；通過與已有的試驗結果進行對比，證明該模型的簡單，有效性；利用該軟體對未加固混凝土梁，初始進行加固的混凝土梁以及最大拉應變達到極限值時進行加固的混凝土梁等幾種情況進行數值模擬。

( 2 ) for consolidation of the grottoes ’ slope, there ’ s no mature theory and technique. in this paper the back analysis of shear strength of the rock slope at yulin grottoes is presented. through the back analysis of shear strength, we can presents a procedure for the design of consolidation of the yulin grottoes in anxi. it is very important in the field of reinforcing the slope of grottoes

（ 2 ）目前對于石窟邊坡的錨索加固研究尚無系統的理論和方法，本文以安西榆林石窟為例，提出了一種通過反演（ c ， ）值來設計加固石窟邊坡的方法。對于在未知巖體的抗剪強度（ c ， ）值的條件下來設計加固石窟邊坡，該方法的提出具有一定的理論意義和應用價值。

( 6 ) through studying the aging character of composite geomembrane and the relationship between stress or strain with tune, the corresponding curve was fitted and its current of development was forecasted, in the last, combining the stress of dam calculated, the suit composite geomembrane was selected

（ 5 ）採用鄧肯模型對未加固前的大壩進行非線性有限元分析，研究了大壩加固前的初始位移應力狀態； （ 6 ）對復合上工膜的老化性能進行長期試驗研究，分析其應力應變隨時間的變化規律，擬合出相應的曲線，預測其發展趨勢。

The experiment highlights the effect of cfp length and the adhesive mode of cfp on the loading - bear capacity of cfp reinforced beams. from the results, it is obvious that when the cfp adhesive length increases, the loading - bear capacity increase too. when the cfp length is 10mm, the loading - bear capacity is 1. 81 - 2. 27 times as much as the value of non - reinforced beam ; and when the cfp length increase to 200mm and 350mm, the loading - bear capacity increase to 3. 35 - 3. 97 times and 3. 61 - 5. 76 times as much as the value of non - reinforced beam

從試驗的結果來看，碳纖維的粘結長度增加對混凝土梁的加固效果的影響十分明顯：當碳纖維粘結長度為100mm時，混凝土加固梁的極限承載力一般為未加固混凝土梁的1 . 81 - 2 . 27倍；而當碳纖維粘結長度為200mm和300mm時，混凝土加固梁的極限承載力則分別為未加固梁的3 . 35 - 3 . 97倍和3 . 61 - 5 . 76倍。

At first, the experiment carried out by tianjin university has been analysed according to the " nonlinear balance trying calculation " method, and the values of yield load and ultimate load agree with the test result better, and the curve of bending moment - curvature, bending moment - deflection can agree with the results. the second, the simplified formula for evaluation the ultimate flexural capacity of cfrp strengthened rc members is presented according to the three probable failure modes ( compression failure ; cfrp rupture ; crushing of the concrete in compression before yielding of the reinforcing steel ). it is applicable to both singly and doubly reinforced rectangular sections, as well as flanged sections

首先利用鋼筋混凝土非線性平衡試演算法對天津大學試驗進行了理論分析，所得分析值與試驗結果相比，加固梁的屈服荷載、極限荷載能夠很好地吻合，彎矩曲率關系曲線及彎矩撓度關系曲線較為吻合；其次，為了滿足實際工程的需要，根據碳纖維布加固構件可能發生的三種破壞形態（壓區混凝土壓碎破壞、碳纖維布拉斷破壞以及受拉鋼筋尚未屈服時壓區混凝土已壓碎破壞） ，區別三種鋼筋混凝土構件截面形式（單筋矩形截面、雙筋矩形截面、 t形截面） ，分別給出了碳纖維布加固混凝土構件抗彎承載力的簡化計算公式和適用條件，並進一步探討了這三種截面形式下進行加固設計和復核的步驟。

Based on the test of the flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with aramid fiber reinforced plastics ( afrp ) and reference beams, this paper analyzes the failure process and characteristics of the strengthened beams and factors that affect the failure of the strengthened beams

摘要本文根據芳綸纖維加固鋼筋混凝土梁和未加固的混凝土參考梁的抗彎性能靜載試驗研究，分析了芳綸纖維加固鋼筋混凝土受彎構件的破壞過程，研究了加固后鋼筋混凝土受彎構件正截面的破壞特徵、受力特點及影響因素（粘貼層數和配筋率） 。

Cfrp strengthening of concrete beams can fail when steel yield - concrete crushing and steel yield - cfrp tenside rupture

Cfrp加固梁在承受彎曲荷載時的破壞是混凝土壓碎、鋼筋屈服、碳纖維未拉斷。

In engineering practice, carbon fiber - reinforced plastic ( cfrp ) is being widely used as the material to strengthen the concrete structures. one problem related is the effect of secondary loading, to which little attention has been paid in the literature. presently, this problem is considered

實際的加固問題大多屬於二次受力問題，但現有的研究均未能夠對這一特性加以很好的考慮，而是將加固結構視為組合結構進行分析，所得出的結果與實際情況有一定偏差。

The beams under secondary loading ( namely the preloading was not removed ) are firstly studied in this dissertation, and the ultimate strength, stiffness, and the distribution of cracks of the beams strengthened with ferrocement have been analyzed. mid - span deflection, crack width and strains of steel were measured during the course of the test, and performances of the beams are compared and assessed with particular emphasis on cracking behavior, mid - span deflection, ultimate strength capacity, the modes of failure and so on

本文首次對二次受力（初始荷載不卸除）試件進行了加固試驗研究，試驗中測量了試件的極限荷載、混凝土應變、鋼筋應變及鋼筋網應變等，對比了加固與未加固構件的裂縫開展、跨中撓度以及極限荷載情況，並研究了用該方法加固的梁在各種受力情況下可能產生的破壞形式等。

As to epoxy / toa / org - mmt system, the reaction order was 0. 9 and active energy was 66kj / mol by kissinger method ; and a similar result was obtained by ozawa method. the curing reaction was controlled clearly by diffusion mechanism in the later stage of curing reaction without addition of org - mmt, which leads to the increment of active energy with extend of curing ; as to the curing system with addition of org - mmt, the value of active energy was always kept the same level, which can be explained by the catalytic function of amine salt inserted in the galleries of org - mmt

對于環氧桐油酸酐有機蒙脫土固化體系用kissinger方法看到固化體系的反應級數均為0 . 9左右，表觀活化能值為66kj mol ； ozawa方法的處理結果與之近似，但從ozawa方法可以看到未加入有機蒙脫土的體系在反應後期固化反應明顯受擴散控制，表現為活化能隨固化程度的增加而增加；而加入有機蒙脫土的體系，其表觀活化能則自始至終表現的較為均勻。

Among them, four rc beams for contrasting are not strengthened, four rc beams strengthened by gluing steels suffer loading directly, and two rc beams suffer loading to crack and then continue to be put out loading after being strengthened by gluing steels, then the experiments of capability of bearing bending are carried out on them respectively

其中，四根為未加固直接加載的鋼筋混凝土對比梁，四根為先粘鋼后加載的一次受力粘鋼加固梁，兩根為先加載至開裂后粘鋼再繼續加載的二次受力粘鋼加固梁，分別對它們進行抗彎承載力試驗。

In order to study reinforced effect and to know reinforce mechanism, this paper investigates on 6 non - strengthened beams and 15 strengthened beams

為了研究加固效果、認識加固機理，本文對6根未加固鋼筋混凝土梁和15根加固鋼筋混凝土梁進行了試驗研究。

On the base of test researches, ansys software is used to carry out numerical analyze for reinforced concrete beams which are strengthened in one way and the non - strengthened reinforced concrete beams. and the outcome correlates well with experiment date

本文在完成大量試驗的基礎上，還利用ansys有限元軟體，對未加固梁和其中一種加固方式的鋼筋混凝土梁進行了數值分析，計算結果與試驗結果吻合良好。

Through comparing and analyzing the strain development of different parts of both strengthening and non - strengthening structures, the fea results have a fairly good agreement with test ones and the fea model is proved rational. the behavior of rc structures under load are also well shown which enable a deep research on the mechanics as well as the effects of relative parameters on it

通過對加固與未加固構件各部位應變發展的比較分析，計算結果與試驗結果得到了較好的吻合，說明所選擇的有限元模型是合理的，並能較好的再現混凝土構件的受力狀況及性能，進而可利用有限元分析結果對其受力性能和機理進行深入分析，通過數值試驗以便研究有關參數對受力性能的影響。