本性上確界 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [běnxìngshàngquèjiè]
本性上確界 英文
essential supremum
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 確 : 形容詞1. （符合事實; 真實） true; reliable; authentic 2. （堅固; 堅定） firm
  • 界 : 名詞1 （相交的地方; 劃分的界限） boundary 2 （一定的范圍） scope; extent 3 （按職業、工作或性別等...
  • 本性 : natural instincts; natural character; nature; inherent quality; essential（ly）本性點 [數學] esse...
  1. As object lessons to explain : 1 the nature and habits of oviparous animals, the possibility of aerial flight, certain abnormalities of vision, the secular process of imbalsamation : 2 the principle of the pendulum, exemplified in bob, wheelgear and regulator, the translation in terms of human or social regulation of the various positions clockwise of movable indicators on an unmoving dial, the exactitude of the recurrence per hour of an instant in each hour, when the longer and the shorter indicator were at the same angle of inclination, videlicet, 5 5 11 minutes past each hour per hour in arithmetical progression

    他把它們作為實物教材，用以說明： 1卵生動物的本性與習性，空中飛行的可能性，一種異常的視覺器官，世俗界用防腐藥物保存屍體的方式。 2體現于擺錘輪與整時器上的鐘擺的原理不動的針盤上那可移動的正轉的長短指針在各個位置作為人或社會規范所包含的意義長針和短針每小時在同一傾斜度相遇的那一瞬間，也就是說，按照算術級數，每小時超過5 5 11分的那一瞬間，每小時重復一次的精確性146 。
  2. In view of bearing capacity of the elastoplastic theory analysis, the author made a comparison between the achieved bearing capacity limit load pi / 4 of round base ( space problem ) and the limit load pi / 4 of bar groundwork foundation design ( plane problem ) from soil mechanics at home and abroad as well as foundation criterion, and explained why the value of formula in present design criterion from soil mechanics is inclined to be conservative. in the light of the author ' s many years experience of vibration test on the spot and the research work of relevant projects, the author worked over the dynamic pile testing of the bearing capacity of foundation and batholith, and gathered the parameter of dynamic analysis and testing. the author also talked over the difficult point of pile foundation design criteria in present batholith engineering world, i. e. the confirmation of batholith bearing capacity of pile end, from the following aspects : a ) confirmation of single axis counter - pressure strength of rock in house ; b ) f. e. m calculation of elastoplastic model ; c ) calculation of soil mechanics ; d ) deep well load test

    然後，對巖土工程領域至今尚未解決，甚至不為人注意的考慮地基變形的地基承載力問題進行了實用化的探討，提出了考慮地基變形的地基承載力上程計算方法；對基於彈塑性理論分析的地基承載力國內尚未見報道的空間問題得到了圓形基礎（空間問題）的承載力界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，並與國內外土力學專著及地基基礎設計規范中的條形基礎（平面問題）的界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，進行了對比，從而定量上解釋了目前設計規范引用土力學承載力公式值偏於保守的這一情況；根據本文作者多年從事現場地基工程振動試驗及相關課題的研究工作，本文以截頭錐模型模擬地基，對地基（巖基）承載力的動測法進行了研究，為各類地基（包括巖基） ，匯總了動力分析和檢測川的參數：針對日前巖土工程界應用樁基設計規范中的難點? ?樁端巖基承載力的確定問題，從巖石室內單軸抗壓強度確定、基於彈塑性模型的有限單元法計算、土力學計算及深斤載荷試驗四方面進行了深入討論；本文作者根據多年現場載荷試驗的工程實踐，對深井荷試驗裝置的核心部分? ?反力裝置，設計了側壁支撐反力加載系統，該加載系統具有實用、簡便、穩定及安個等優點。
  3. The overall idea is that the system of robotic manipulators is decomposed as two parts : one is nominal system with perfect knowledge of dynamic model and the other is system with uncertainties. ctc is used to control nominal system. for uncertainties system, we utilize the regressor of robotic system or bounding function on uncertainties to design

    基本思想都是將不確定性機器人系統分解成標稱系統和不確定系統：對于標稱系統，採用計算力矩控制；對于不確定系統，利用機器人系統的回歸矩陣或集中不確定性上界的包絡函數，設計不同的補償控制器。
  4. The complex nonlinear pursuit - evasion model of two spacecraft in near - earth coplanar orbit is simplified to linear model, the circular region the radius of which is equal to capture radius is defined as target set, capture is achieved when the evader come into the target set and the game is over ; the boundary of useable part ( bup ) is determined, and the analytical form solution of the linear equations is obtained by backward integration of the state variables from the bup, the linear barrier of the pursuit - evasion model and the optimum thrust of the both sides are thus obtained

    本文將近地共面軌道內運動的兩飛行器非線性追逃模型簡化為線性模型，以捕獲半徑的圓域定為目標集，確定目標集邊界上的可用部分，並以此為各狀態變量的起點，對時間進行倒向積分，求得線性方程組的解析解，從而確定了該追逃模型的線性界柵，以及界柵上對策雙方的最優推力，即求得了滿足最優策略時相對運動的軌跡和推力。
  5. Grounded on analysis to the supervisory and regulatory practice in the usa, hong kong, common wealth and some other countries or distracts, the article holds the opinion that, to realize supervision to the deeds of stock market manipulation, the special entity shall be granted comparatively abroad and flexible power to stipulate regulatory rules and executory power that can provide regulators system and means to exert its professional supervision beforehand and its regulation in time. based on the above construe, with a view of the status in quo in our country, the article concludes on possible, approaches and ways for our country to consummate our supervision and regulation of stock market manipulation

    股票市場操縱行為的上述特徵使許多特定行為在不同時期、不同市場以不同形態出現，許多操縱行為與合法行為之間的界線不斷變化，基本的證券立法不可能對全部的操縱行為進行詳細規定，必須依賴監管者發揮其專業監管能力，正確處理保護投資者利益和維護市場有效性之間的，他們在2003年7月初步完成了題為（ （ whatw0rksinsecuritieslaws ） ） （ nberw0rkingpaper9882 ， july2003 ）的研究報告
  6. Under general geological study of exploratory development of coalbed gas and underground gasification of coal bed in eastern depression of liaohe basin, authors apply the basic principle of coal geology and the data of vitrinite reflectance and technical analysis of coal to ascertain that coal classification are dominantely the lignite, long - flame coal and gas coal of coal - bearing upper section of third member of shahejie formation, and then dissertate the variational regularity between coal rank and buried depth in vertical and otherness of vertical limit of coal rank in different coal - rich regions

    摘要運用煤田地質學基本理論和煤的鏡質組反射率值及工業分析等有關數據，確定了遼河盆地東部凹陷古近系沙三段含煤亞段的煤種主要為褐煤、長焰煤和氣煤；進而闡述了該煤段垂向上煤級與埋深的變化規律性、不同賦煤區各煤級垂向界限的差異性。
  7. These measures include : make the system of securities laws to perfect, consummate the institutions of the legal person in the listed companies, base securities regulatory authority to regulate the securities market according to law, maintain order of the securities market and ensure the lawful operation of the same, reinforce continuing disclosure of information and the system of financial and accounting reports, make the listed companies shall immediately submit an ad hoc report on the details of such major event to the securities regulatory authority and to the stock exchanging and the same known to the general public, promote investors consciousness of protecting themselves and consummate the civil litigation mechanism to gain compensation and damages, make use of the press to supervise the stock market and reinforce punishment to the persons who act securities fraud

    在這些原則的指導下，本文提出了一套規制證券欺詐的具體法律措施.包括健全證券法律體系，做到證券欺詐的規制有法可依;完善上市公司的法人治理結構，建立完善的證券監管體系，尤其對證券業協會的性質、功能和職責從法律上給予明確界定以確保充分發揮證券行業的自律作用，最大限強化信息披露責任，嚴格會計制度，力求信度地避免證券欺詐行為發生;強化信息披露貢任，產格會計刷度，刀水侶息準確，披露及時;增強廣大中小投資者的自我保護意識，完善賠償訴訟機制;依法賦予新聞媒體輿論監督權，充分發揮新聞媒體監督作用;深入研究證券欺詐者心理規律，加強法律懲治力度
  8. As a result, to define it correctly, the " history of buddhism ” is confined to the manmade “ phenomenal aspect of things " rather than the " essential aspect of dharma ; " the " phenomenal aspect of things " refers largely to the manmade " handing - down and constitution of dharma, records of documents, and right / wrong explications about the meanings of dharma " by all the different doctrines

    因為法的實際具有普遍性、恆常性、唯一性的特質，並無所謂的思想本質之演變現象，而只有諸家傳持者對教法理解的正訛深淺廣狹的差別；因此，對佛教史一語的正確界定，只能局限在世問人為操作之事相的現象面上，而不能指涉法性的本質面。
  9. With the steady growth of natural gas, the recent hot spot of world sources of energy and with the encouraging progress in such renewable sources of energy as solar energy and wind energy, the proportion of oil in the world ' s unrenewable sources of energy has indeed been lower than before ; nevertheless, upon comparing with natural gas, nuclear energy and other sources of energy, it has been found out that the dominance of oil in the world ' s unrenewable sources of energy will remain unshakable in the coming 20 years though after that period of time there may be intense competition between oil and natural gas for supremacy. although people have been repeatedly made a fool of by the unpredictable oil price and made one misjudgement about it after another, yet given the world general situation of oil supply and demand, the essential variable, with which the oil price will continue to vary, plus other factors, such as the oil price policy of some middle eastern oil producers which is tending more and more rational, it can be roughly concluded that the world oil price will be stable with a slight rise

    再者，隨著天然氣? ?世界能源的新熱點的「蒸蒸日上」 ，在太陽能、風能等可再生能源方面取得的可喜進展，石油在世界一次能源構成中的比例的確已不如往昔，不過，一經與天然氣、核能等進行對比分析，就發現石油在世界一次能源構成中的「霸主」地位在今後20年內仍難撼動，此後有可能會出現天然氣與石油一決高低的局面；在難以捉摸的油價面前，人們曾一次次地受到它的捉弄，一次又一次在它面前「失算」 ，但基於世界石油供求大勢仍將是其變動的基準，再考慮到其他因素，諸如中東產中東石油與21世紀的中國石油女全內容摘要油國的漸趨理性的油價政策等的影響，大致可以得出世界油價穩中有升的結論，當然，由於世界石油市場的本性使然，加上新近出現的加劇市場動蕩的4大不穩定因素的干擾… …油價在未來一段時間內依然難改動蕩本色。
  10. Base on the current up to date results of research, this article focus on the concept of traditional knowledge first of all, and finger out that we should consider the developing of traditional knowledge when we define it

    本文在分析總結當前最新研究成果的基礎上，首先以較大的篇幅著力解決了傳統知識的概念這一前提性問題，指出準確界定傳統知識必須從發展的角度去考慮。
  11. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the state medium - small - enterprise and the difficulties met during the stock reorganization of the high technology medium - small - enterprise, the article tries to provide possible solutions on the issues of definition of property rights, management of state assets, stock evaluation of commercial and non - commercial capital, disposal of enterprise debt and the use of land, and the settlement of retired people respectively. applying the modern theory of financial management, the article also gives its suggestion on the comprehensive evaluation on the companies during their stock reorganization and on the optimal allocation of capitals. according to the western experiences of developing high technology industries by venture investment and the prospect of the roles played by the forthcoming growth enterprise market, the article concludes that the sate medium - small high technology enterprises raising money from growth enterprise market through stock reorganization may be a shortcut for their development. a case of an " institute of automatization ", whose scheme was planned by the author for practice, is discussed throughout the paper

    本文在對我國國有中小企業改革現狀的分析基礎上，針對我國國有中小高新技術企業的現狀及股份制改組過程中的難點，對產權界定、國有資產管理、經營性和非經營性資產的剝離、凈資產的折股、企業債務和土地使用權的處理、離退休人員的安置等等問題，分別提出了具體的解決辦法。運用現代財務管理理論，提出了股份制改組過程中的公司整體價值評價方法及最佳資本結構確定的方法。在分析國外利用風險投資機制發展高新技術產業的經驗及即將推出的二板市場相關內容基礎上，明確提出國有中小型高新技術企業通過股份制改組最終到二板市場上市融資是其快速發展的途徑。
  12. The dissertation refers to comparatively full literatures in the field of vsc, and the development history and characteristics of vsc are summarized, and the elementary concepts, elementary definitions, elementary properties, elementary principles and design methods are particularly introduced, and the causes of the chattering phenomenon are systematically analysed, and the study status of the chattering phenomenon and the main methods to eliminate the chattering are elaborated. for the deficiencies of traditionary methods, three improved methods are developed, which are improved exponent reaching law solution, variable boundary layer solution and the solution by adding an auxiliary continuous control term. for uncertain linear systems, an adaptive fuzzy integral variable structure control stategy ( afivsc ) is put forward to eliminate the chattering around the sliding plane, which introduces fuzzy logic to soften the non - linear discontinuous sig nal in the control variable and utilizes adaptive theory to adjust output membership function according to how much the uncertainty of the system is

    比較全面地查閱了關于變結構控制理論的文獻，總結了滑模變結構控制的發展歷史和特點，詳細介紹了變結構控制的基本概念、基本定義、基本性質、基本原理以及設計方法；系統分析了變結構控制系統抖振產生的機理，並闡述了國內外目前對抖振問題的研究現狀以及消除抖振的主要方法；針對傳統抑制和消除抖振方法的不足，改進了傳統方法，得到了三種新的消除抖振的方法? ?即改進的指數趨近律法、可變邊界層法和附加連續項法；針對不確定性線性系統，在變結構控制策略中引入模糊邏輯和自適應理論來消除滑動平面上的抖振，提出了一種自適應模糊積分變結構控制方案（ afivsc ） ，利用模糊邏輯來柔化控制量中非線性不連續部分，採用自適應理論，根據系統不確定性大小在線調整模糊輸出量的隸屬函數，另外，鑒于模糊控制本質上是有靜差的，所以本文選擇了帶積分項的切換函數，由於積分項的存在使系統較正為無靜差系統。
  13. Besides this earth, and besides the race of men, there is an invisible world and a kingdom of spirits : that world is round us, for it is everywhere ; and those spirits watch us, for they are commissioned to guard us ; and if we were dying in pain and shame, if scorn smote us on all sides, and hatred crushed us, angels see our tortures, recognise our innocence if innocent we be : as i know you are of this chargewhich mr. brocklehurst has weakly and pompously repeated at secondhand from mrs. reed ; for i read a sincere nature in your ardent eyes and on your clear front, and god waits only the separation of spirit from flesh to crown us with a full reward

    這個世界包圍著我們，無所不在。那些精靈們注視著我們，奉命守護我們。要是我們在痛苦和恥辱中死去要是來自四面八方的鄙視刺傷了我們要是仇恨壓垮了我們，天使們會看到我們遭受折磨，會承認我們清白無辜如果我們確實清白無辜，我知道你受到了布羅克赫斯特先生指控，但這種指控軟弱無力，誇大其詞，不過是從里德太太那兒轉手得來的，因為我從你熱情的眼睛里，從你明凈的前額上，看到了誠實的本性，上帝只不過等待靈魂與肉體分離，以賜予我們充分酬報。
  14. Is the eth residue of p. since the number of quadratic residue mod p is, we can guess the number of eth residue mod p is 2 ^, and then prove this property. on the basis of eth residue, we construct a type of eth residue code of length p which is an odd prime, and extend some properties of quadratic residue codes. alsi ) we construct a cubic residue code over f % of length 31 and a 4th residue code over fs of length 13. according to the properties of the bounds of bch codes, we determine the minimal distance of [ 31, 21 ] code is 5, which means this code ; can correct two errors

    由模p的二次剩餘個數為個，可猜測模p的e次剩餘的個數為個，本文給出了該性質的證明。在e次剩餘的基礎上，本文構造了一類字長p為奇素數的e次剩餘碼，討論了它的性質，從而推廣了二次剩餘碼的一些結果。利用所導出的理論結果，我們構造了長為31的二元三次剩餘碼和長為13的三元四次剩餘碼，利用bch碼上下界的性質，進一步確定了31 ， 21碼的極小距離為5 ，它可以糾正兩個錯誤。
  15. Chapter ii : elementary theories on " " independence " of isd are dealt with in three sub - parts : firstly, independence, is interpreted in view of its development, born from external directors, non - executive directors to independent directors ; secondly, independence is defined and compared with anglo - american isd with its evolutionary factors focused on - the existing four basic characteristics in independent assets, independent personality, independent operation and independent benefit, which stands a development of loose independence to strict independence ; thirdly, i ~ independence is relative because in chinese company law it is not absolutely unconditional and the relative independence exists where independent directors are relatively independent from strong stockholders or equivalents of the company, whom non - independent directors ca n ' t be independent from ; finally, basing on those theories, my reflection on the regulations of independence concluded by security board of china is also suggested

    第二部分：獨立董事獨立性的基本理論。本部分分三個問題對獨立性的基本理論進行分析：一是從外部董事、非執行董事到獨立董事的演變中分析獨立性的確立；二是獨立性的界定及其比較研究。在分析影響獨立性的因素的基礎上，通過比較分析英美國家關于獨立性界定條件的演變一一從寬松到嚴格和關于獨立性的具體界定條件，抽象出獨立董事獨立性的四個特性:獨立的財產、獨立的人格、獨立的業務和獨立的利益。
  16. This dissertation just undertakes the analysis and demonstration and put forward my own opinion according to the nature and the status of raising civil lawsuits by procuratorial organs and their rights and obligations in concrete lawsuits procedure. finally, i give my suggestion that we should found the systam of civil law sules raised by procuratorial organs through legisla tion as soon as possible

    本文結合學術界的各種理論觀點，就我國檢察機關提起民事訴訟的性質、地位及在具體的訴訟程序中應享有的權利和應承擔的義務進行分析論證，提出自己的觀點和認識，最後作者建議應盡快從立法上確立我國檢察機關提起民事訴訟制度。
  17. Lastly, it analyses the management methods of credit risk, market risk and operation risk of our commercial banks : in the section of the credit risk, it begins with risk recognition, introduces the difficulties of establishing the internal ratings - based approach of our commercial bank and puts forward the management thinkings from the five respects : the setup of irb, credit culture establishment, the modification of information announcement, the innovation of credit management tools and improvement of the capital adequate rate. in the section of market risk, it introduces the reason of strengthening its management of the whole world and our country, analyses the most important method - var and then discusses its operation inour country commercial banks. in the section of the operation risk, it defines the internal meaning, analyses the different measure means, points out current pressure of our commercial bank ' s facing and finally proposes the rightful operation risk management tactics combining the actual situation of our country

    首先是對新協議本身的研究，介紹了巴塞爾協議的邏輯演進、新協議的主要內容及主要特徵；其次從最低資本要求、監督部門的監督檢查和市場約束三大支柱入手，分析新協議對我國商業銀行風險管理可能產生的不利影響；最後分析了新協議框架下我國商業銀行信用風險、市場風險和操作風險的管理思路：信用風險部分從對其的識別分析入手，介紹了我國商業銀行建立內部評級法的必然性，最後從內部評級體系的構建、良好信用管理文化的建立、信用風險的信息披露改進、信用管理工具創新和提高資本充足率、構建統一的風險管理組織結構六個方面提出了我國商業銀行信用風險的管理途徑；市場風險部分介紹了全球以及我國加強其管理的原因，對當前市場風險管理的主流方法? ? var方法進行了詳細的闡述，並進而對var方法應用於我國商業銀行市場風險管理中的若干問題進行了探討；操作風險部分在正確界定其內涵的基礎上，重點分析了各種計量方法，並指出現階段我國商業銀行加強操作風險管理的緊迫性，最後並結合我國的實際情況提出了合理的操作風險管理策略。
  18. Based on the reference [ 22 ], the dynamical modeling converters for hvdc system have been transformed to a nonlinear system represented by input - output model with unmodeled dynamics and bounded disturbances, and a robust adaptive output - feedback nonlinear controller is designed. the controller counteracts the uncertain dynamic nonlinearities and bounded disturbances by nonlinear damping terms, and unmodeled dynamics by a dynamic signal

    本文在文獻[ 22 ]的基礎上，對高壓直流輸電系統換流站動態模型進行變換處理，將其化為一類具有含未建模動態和有界擾動的輸入-輸出非線性系統，並設計了一種魯棒自適應輸出反饋控制器，利用非線性阻尼項來抑制系統的動態不確定性和有界擾動，引入一動態信號來抑制系統的未建模動態。
  19. 7 of the 1980 un convention on contracts for the international sale of goods cisg, is based on the assumption that uniform law, even after its incorporation into the various national legal systems, only formally becomes an integrated part of the latter, whereas from a substantive point of view it does not lose its original character of a special body of law autonomously developed at international level and intended to be applied in a uniform manner throughout the world

    這種做法在最近的一些公約中的確已得到了明確的認可例如參見年聯合國國際貨物銷售合同公約第條。這主要是基於這樣一個推論，即國際統一法即使被引入各個不同的國家法律體系，它也只是作為後者不可分割的一部分，從本質上講，它並沒有失去其作為一種特殊法律實體在國際領域自主發展並在世界范圍內以統一法方式適用的原有特性。
  20. On the basis of frequent field - studies, in the light of the basic theories of ecological design, it tells the benefits and necessity of ecological design for city squares, and demonstrates the basic aims ( aim of function, aim of image, aim of environment ) ; according to the weather and vegetation characteristics of subtropical zone, it tells the cardinal principles ( humality, sustainable development, characteristics distinguishing, integral harmony, public participation ) for the design ; with regard to the architecture enclosing, the space organizing, the boundary effects of city squares, and their size and color, this dissertation also analyzes the space and environment of city squares, and especially discusses the ideas of how to decide the size of a square regarding the problem of building big city squares blindly ; and summarizes the key points of ecological plan and design for the component factors of the space and environment of city squares, and the problem of greening of squares is paid much attention

    在多次實地考察的基礎上，本文從生態設計的基本理論出發，指出了城市廣場生態設計的意義及必要性，明確了設汁的基本目標（功能目標、形象目標、環境目標） ；結合亞熱帶區域的地理氣候與植被特徵，提出了亞熱帶區域城市廣場生態設計的基本原則（人性化、可持續發展、突出特色、整體協調、公眾參與） ；分別從尺度、色彩、與周邊建築的圍合、空間組織、邊界效應及內部交通等方面對廣場的空間環境進行了分析，其中針對當今我國廣場建設中「盲目求大」的現象，重點分析了如何把握廣場的尺度問題；總結了廣場的綠化、地面鋪裝、建築小品、水體等空間環境構成要素的生態設計要點，其中著重討論了當今廣場建設中頗為嚴重的綠化問題。
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