林業與社會 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [līnyèyǔshèkuài]
林業與社會 英文
forestry and society journal
  • 林 : 名詞1 （成片的樹木或竹子） forest; woods; grove 2 （聚集在一起的同類的人或事物） circles; group 3...
  • 業 : Ⅰ名詞1 （行業） line of business; trade; industry 2 （職業） occupation; profession; employment; ...
  • 社 : 名詞1 （共同工作或生活的一種集體組織） organized body; agency; society 2 （人民公社） people s co...
  • 會 : 會構詞成分
  • 林業 : forestry林業測量 forestry survey; 林業飛機 forest aircraft; 林業工人 forest worker; forester; 林...
  • 社會 : society
  1. This paper expounds the development and variation of the forestry science ， forest and forestry neally in past two cen turies the forestry science in itself goes through a transformation from traditional forestry science to modern forestry s cience. the modern forestry science, with the object of studying the establishment ， manageme nt and exploitation of the forestry ecosystem and the core of developing the eco logical environinent functi on of the forestry ecosystem ， is a subject that takes an overall play to the mul tiple benefits and function of forest. the cognition of forest also undergoes a variation from a single tree to trees g roup and still to forest ecosystem due to the deep alteration of the understand ing of forestry science and forest ， people begin changing their understanding of forestry from a central for m of timber utilizing which formed for a long time to a form that takes developi ng the ecological environment function of forestry ecosystem as its core and fo cal point ， and takes an overall play to the ecological ， economical and social function of forestry as its leadi ng thought and aim ， so as to realize the sustainable development of forestry

    論述了林學、森林與林業近兩個多世紀以來的發展和變化.林學經歷了由傳統林學向現代林學的轉變.現代林學是以森林生態系統的營建、經營管理和利用為研究對象，以發揮森林生態系統的生態環境功能為核心，全面發揮森林的多種效益和多種功能為目的的學科.對森林的認識也經歷了由單株樹木到樹木群體到森林生態系統的變化.由於對林學及森林認識的深刻變化，人們對林業的認識也就從長期形成的以木材利用為中心，轉變到以發揮森林生態系統的生態環境作用為核心和重點，全面發揮森林的生態、經濟和社會功能作為林業的指導思想和目標，以實現林業的可持續發展
  2. By facilitating market links between companies committed to achieving and supporting responsible forestry, the gftn creates market conditions that help conserve forests and biodiversity, while providing economic and social benefits for the businesses and people who depend on them

    Gftn透過加強致力實踐與支援負責任林業的公司之間的貿易連系，營造有利的營場還境，期望在保育全球森林之餘，能為商界和依賴森林為生的居民，提供經濟及社會利益。
  3. The above problems and difficulties could be solved through the following perspectives : attaching great importance to the development of the non - public sectors of the forest economy ; quickening the system innovation and forestry legislation ; cultivating market of living trees ; establishing organizations for evaluating forest resources ; improving the circulating services ; expanding channels of financing ; encouraging the qualified non - public sectors of the forest enterprise to become listed companies ; allowing forest to be mortgaged as assets, guiding the social investment in forestry with the economic leverage ; developing leading enterprises and implementing the operation model of " companies, bases and farmer households " ; and improving the socialized forestry service systems

    通過調研，作者認為應從以下幾方面著手解決上述問題：把發展非公有制林業經濟作為今後一個時期林業工作的戰略重點，加快創新機制和林業法律法規的建設；培育活立木市場，建立森林資源評估機構，做好流轉服務工作；拓寬融資管道，鼓勵具備條件的非公有制林業企業上市融資；允許林木資產以抵鉀形式向銀行貨款；運用經濟杠桿作用，引導社會參與投資；培育龍頭企業，實施「公司+基地+農戶」的經營方式；健全林業社會化服務體系。
  4. This paper systematically analyzed and studied the impliment effect of the conversion of cropland to forest in chifeng. the results show that it can improve ecology environment, and promote agricultural production structure and its internal farming and animal husbandry structure, and it also improve the quality of farmland and grain yield per unit, transfer of rural surplus labor, increase income of farmers and herdsmen promote the farming and animal husbandry industrdialization and achieve the overall socio - economic development

    本文通過對赤峰市退耕還林（草）工程實施效果分析表明:該項工程在一定程度上改善了生態環境，促進了農業產業結構及其內部種植業結構、畜牧業結構的調整與優化，推動了農牧業產業化經營及社會經濟的整體發展，有利於提高糧食單產、轉移農村剩餘勞動力、增加農牧民經濟收入。
  5. The directive thinking is : basis of resources breeding and management and development and utilization ; leading by feature industry such as forest industry and forest tourism ; aiming at meeting the need of market and public environment construction ; guiding at systemic, synthetically and stereoscopic development ; building up region industry group and industry train. on the basis of analysis industry position, it studied the relation between industry system and industry group and the relation between industry group and industry train. using theorical pattern, it described the relation and degree of coordination in industry trains and suggested the policy of adjustment of industry structure and advancement for state - owned forest region

    本文界定了林業的產業性質，在三次產業分類法的基礎上提出四次產業分類法，提出了「零級產業（環境產業） 」概念，辨析了環境產業與林業產業的相關關系；分析了森林三大效益?成本關系；分析國有林區產業單一狀況的弊端；從經濟、社會和生態三方面分析了產業協同發展的價值；提出國有林區產業體系建立的指導思想：以資源培育與開發利用產業為基礎和龍頭，以特色產業? ?如林產工業、森林旅遊等為主導，以滿足市場需求和公益環境建設需求相兼顧為目標，以系統、綜合、立體開發為指針，建立具有區域特點的、協調的產業群和產業鏈；在產業位勢分析的基礎上，勾畫了產業體系與產業群、產業群與產業鏈之間的相關關系：運用理論模型描述產業鏈之間的相關關系及協同度。
  6. This paper is based on the urban ecological principle and method, by analyzing and studying many key elements of the economic, social and ecological factors in beijing, explores the connection between the urban development and garden green land increased in beijing, summarize the development laws of the garden green land. this paper worked out, development of the garden green land in beijing dependence on upgrading of the industrial structure, afforestation invest, average gdp, policy, olympic games and their own ecological functions, etc. the remarkable change has taken place in the quantity and pattern of the garden green land in beijing. through analysizing the data in 1995 and 2000, the garden green land rose from 16577ha up to 21151ha, increased by 27. 6 %, urban green coverage rate rose from 32. 68 % up to 36. 34 %. especially, it developed rapidly in the public green land and the urban islolated green land, increased by 35. 6 % and 62. 3 % separately, and they have become the main components of garden green land in beij ing

    本文以城市生態學的原理和方法為基礎，通過對北京的經濟、社會和生態因素內諸要素進行分析和研究，探索其與北京城市園林綠地發展之間的聯系，總結城市園林綠地的演變規律。本文研究得出，北京市園林綠地的發展與產業結構的升級、園林綠化投資、人均gdp 、政策、奧運會及其自身的生態功能等呈正相關性。北京城市園林綠地的數量和格局也發生了顯著變化，從1995年和2000年的數據分析，北京城市園林綠地由16577ha上升到21151ha ，增長了27 . 6 ，城市綠化覆蓋率由32 . 68上升到36 . 34 。
  7. The major driving factors for farmland change in yulin region are total population, the average farmer income and the proportion of agricultural labors, and there is a negative correlation between farmland area and the factors including total population, total crop production, total rural social production value and total social input

    典型區（榆林地區）耕地變化主要驅動力是總人口、農民人均年收入和農業人口比重，而總人口、糧食總產量、農村社會總產值和社會總投入與耕地面積呈負相關。
  8. The management efficency of forest resources was raised fron the independent management of graph and data to comprehensive management with gis as its tools. the sociaiized forestry and managerial decision participated with masses was accomplished from the local and closed management to networked and open management of forest resources

    從對地形林相圖和二類調查數據的圖形、數據獨立管理到以gis為工具的綜合管理，提高了森林資源的管理效率；從對資源數據的本地管理、封閉管理到對資源數據的網路管理、開放管理，實現了林業的社會化和森林資源管理決策的公眾參與。
  9. In order to adjust to the change of agricultural products demand structure and fully exploit potentialities of agricultural natural resources, the following countermeasures are provided in this paper. choosing ten types of merchandise bases of agricultural products as key development projects, regulating inner structure and allocation of agriculture, namely, increasing cotton and wheat output, allocating cotton in south shanxi basin and wheat in north shanxi basin, emphatically exploiting dry fresh fruit products ( including wolfnut, apple, walnut, almond used apricot, etc. ) in loess hills of western mountains by yellow river ; reinforcing construction of market system of agricultural products, exploiting wide famed, high qualities and endemic agricultural products, setting up new agricultural product manufactured bases ; paying much attention to agricultural science and technique and capital input, doing well agricultural social service, combining high output, high quality and high effectiveness

    為適應山西農產品需求結構變化，充分開發農業自然資源的潛力，全省選擇十大農產品商品基地作為農業重點開發項目；農業內部結構和布局的調整為，增加棉麥生產， 「南棉北麥」 ，林果業重點開發西山瀕河黃土丘陵的干鮮果品；農業運行機制重視加強農業信息網與農產品市場體系的建設，開發名優土特農產品，建設新的農產品加工基地；重視農業科技和資金投入，搞好農業社會化服務，使高產、優質、高效並重。
  10. ( 3 ) the key link in establishing agroforestry is to select fine plant species in accordance with local natural condition. to make full use of the coexistence and to avoid rejection between different species is very important in obtaining the utmost benefits. ( 4 ) agroforestry systems with rational structure could conserve soil and water, ameliorate soil property, raise land use efficiency and increase the system productivity and achieve significant ecological, social and economic benefits

    另外在物種選擇時要做到適地適樹，並且要與當地主導產業結合，產生規模效益， （ 4 ）良好結構的農林復合經營系統能夠保持水土，改良土壤，提高土地利用率和系統生y兩南農業大學碩十學位論文產力，獲得更好的生態、社會和經濟效益。
  11. Huang peiyou, lu zili, wang yuhui, 1996. establishment of the mosouwan oasis and the variation of holoxylon deserts. chinese journal of arid land research 9 ( 1 ) : 61 ~ 67

    周廣勝，王玉輝，張新時， 1998 .中國植被/生態系統對全球變化反應的模式研究與展望.中國植物學會六十五周年年會學術報告及論文摘要匯編，中國林業出版社， p . 322
  12. The maoists will bag information and communication ; local development ; works and physical planning ; forest and soil conservation and women, children and social welfare portfolios

    尼共毛佔有的部長位置是：信息交通部；地域發展部；職業及城鄉規劃部；森林與水土以及婦女保護部；兒童與社會福利部。
  13. The small farmers project co - sponsored this event with the center for agricultural and rural development at zhejiang university card, the department of rural economy at the university of alberta, the institute of agriculture and forestry at the university of tsukuba, japan and the journal of chinese rural economy

    本次研討會由浙江大學農業現代化與農村發展研究中心卡特主辦，加拿大阿爾伯塔大學農村經濟系，加拿大國際發展署小農戶適應全球市場發展項目，日本筑波大學農業與森林研究中心和中國農村經濟雜志社協辦。
  14. In part one, the general of reclamation of arable land for reforestation : basing on resulting lots of data, author referred to many measures taken by america and china in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation and took the comparison, which concluded the following : china does not take the ways that the developed countries firstly destroyed before protection ; carrying out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation step and step is the important step which improves the reasonlesss utilization of land ; because of the weak economic base in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation of china and the low rate of labor, we should enlarge the content of science and technology, improve per yield of the remaining cultivated land and solve the self - sufficiency of grain, meanwhile the government should strengthen the transfer of remaining labor, adjust the industrial construction and lead the construction of small cities and towns ; the implement of reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not leave the support of the government ; we should carry out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation according to law ; the reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not be seen the effort in the short time, we should insist in a long time. which can have the result

    本論文共分八個部分：第一部分退耕還林概況：筆者在查閱大量資料的基礎上，參閱美國與中國的退耕還林過程中所採取的各項措施並進行比較，得出了以下結論：中國不能重走發達國家先破壞后保護的道路；有計劃、有步驟地實施退耕還林是改善不合理土地利用現象的有力舉措；中國退耕還林經濟基礎較為薄弱，農業勞動生產率低，退耕還林后，必須加大科技含量，提高剩餘耕地的單產，解決糧食自給問題，同時，政府應加強剩餘勞動力轉移，產業結構調整及小城鎮建設的引導；退耕還林的實施仍離不開政府的扶持；依法退耕還林；退耕還林不是在短期內能見到效果的，長期堅持必有成效。該部分最後論述了目前國內退耕還林工程政策、管理方面的現狀及其存在哪些問題尚待改進或繼續深入研究，並需要進一步完善。第二部分退耕還林背景分析：針對我國目前生態環境建設中的退耕還林工程，就其產生的根源從社會經濟背景、生態環境背景及西部大開發三個角度進行了全面、系統的分析。
  15. The strengths and opportunities include ( 1 ) implementation of sustainable development strategy at the state level ; ( 2 ) local ecotourism development ; ( 3 ) industry structure based on non - wood resource utilization ; ( 4 ) local residents ' good sense of environment protection ; ( 5 ) establishment of co - management model in the communities

    強勢與機會有：國家可持續發展戰略的實施；當地生態旅遊的發展；基於非木質資源利用為主的產業結構；當地居民良好的環境保護意識；社區共管模式雛形的出現；強有力的林業科研力量支撐。
  16. On problems of circulation and transfer of forestland. forestry and society

    論林地流轉問題林業與社會2000 2
  17. Forestry and society journal

    林業與社會
  18. Application of the participatory approaches to projects for demonstration. forestry and society. 2002

    參與性方法在示範項目中的運用林業與社會2002 4
  19. Strengthening the marketization of the collective resources of forest land can proceed with four respects to dispose, first, replace the free contract system progressively by the collective leasing management of forest land ; second, the bid of pursuing the usufruct of collective forest land is sold and auctioned - sold, third, foster and flow and transfer to a central forestry key element market with the usufruct of forest land, fourth, regard property right as the tie, promote the combination of usufruct of collective forest land and social capital

    強化集體林地資源的市場化配置可以從四個方面入手，一是以集體林地租賃經營逐步取代無償承包制；二是推行集體林地使用權的招標出讓和拍賣出讓；三是培育以林地使用權流轉為核心的林業要素市場；四是以產權為紐帶，促進集體林地使用權與社會資本的結合。
  20. The forest function mainly includes safeguarding ecological safety, offer jobs and social service, the function of construction and development, culture protection and bearing, natural resources reserve and regenerated function and recreation and travel health care

    摘要森林功能主要包括維護生態安全功能、提供就業和社會服務功能、建設與發展功能、文化保護與承載功能、自然資源儲備與再生功能與休閑和旅遊保健功能6大類。
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