桿體節 的英文怎麼說

In this paper, ackerman steering linkage of double - wishbone suspension is taken as the study object, choosing the splitting joint and steering lever joint to carry out the design of optimization the mathematics models are established based on the multi - body system dynamics, applying its analysis method of kinematics to study the mechanism kinetic principles owing to more spatial factors considered, and calling off many hypotheses affecting the accuracy, compared with the traditional methods, the models are better to reflect the realistic motion principles, the results are more exact and applicable moreover, the force analysis is applied to the conduct mechanism the analysis method of dynamics in the multi - body dynamics is applied to study the forces applied on every component, working out the constraint reaction force of up and down ball joints, and developing the current computation program in the end, produce the upper wishbone geometry model in the ansys software package, meshing and carrying out the fea, testifying if the intensity of the wishbone meet with the requirements

本文以雙橫臂獨立懸架的轉向傳動機構作為研究對象，選擇對斷開點和節臂球銷的位置進行優化設計，在此基礎上建立了基於多體系統動力學的導向機構和轉向傳動機構的數學模型，運用該學科的運動學分析方法研究機構的運動規律，編制了通用優化設計軟體。由於考慮了更多的空間因素，取消許多影響準確性的假設，因此建立的數學模型與傳統的方法相比更能反映實際運動規律，得到的優化結果也更加精確實用。此外，本文還針對導向機構進行受力分析，在建立該機構的空間動力學模型后，運用多體動力學中的動力學分析方法研究各個桿件的受力，計算出上下球鉸的約束反力，並開發出了相應的通用計算程序。

Additionally, it has utilized the harvest of the diffluent and confluence cross experiment made by beijing university of technology, which has enhance the application of the software and be of innovation

同時，軟體利用了北京工業大學建築環境與設備實驗室多年來在帶調節拉桿閥片的合流及分流四通局部阻力系數的實驗研究成果。這一點，將擴大了軟體的工程應用范圍。

Petroleum industry. detachable swivel mounted graduated weight for steel tape dipsticks

石油工業.鋼帶量桿用帶球頭關節的活動刻度沉壓體

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

The structure and operating principle of an air - charged split - type adjustable shock absorber was described, e non - linear parameterized mathematical model of this shock absorber ' s damping characteristics was established according to fluid mechanics theory and the main structural affection factors to shock absorber ' s damping performance, such as the diameter of piston valve orifice, the diameter of adjustable orifice, the initial volume of gas chamber, the diameter of piston rod, the inner diameter of oil pipe and so on, were analyzed by simulations

摘要通過分析一種分體式充氣可調阻尼減振器的結構和工作原理，運用流體力學理論，建立了該減振器阻尼特性的非線性參數化模型，模擬分析了活塞阻尼閥孔徑、阻尼調節孔徑、氣室初始體積、活塞桿直徑、油管內徑等主要結構參數對減振器阻尼性能的影響，通過試驗測試，得到了減振器樣件的阻尼特性及其可調范圍。

The regeneration system of soybean cytoledon node and agrobacteriunr mediated transformation method is the first selection at present. in the second part of this experiment, the expression vector prok2 containing npt ii and ssnhx1 ( na + / h + antiporter ) gene from suaeda salsa was introduced into soybean cytoledon nodes by gene transformation mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens, and kanamycin resistant transgenic p lants were obtained by screening in selective condition

本實驗第二部分通過農桿菌介導法將含npt -和鹽地堿蓬na ~ + h ~ +反向轉運蛋白基因（ ssnhx1 ）的表達載體prok2導入大豆子葉節中，經過含km的篩選培養基連續篩選，獲得了ssnhx1轉基因植株，篩選劑卡那黴素的適宜濃度是50mg . l ~ （ - 1 ） 。

It was indicated that the ww satisfied the design requirements of the manipulator. the aw expanded with the increasing of the end link and the end - effector length, while the dw and the dexterity of manipulator reduced accordingly. in addition, the length of link 3 and link 5 and the angle range of joint 5 should be chosen reasonably in order to decrease the cavum volume in the workspace

腕點工作空間滿足機械手設計要求，末桿長度與末端執行器長度對總工作空間與靈活工作空間有較大影響，隨著其長度增大，總工作空間增大，但相應的靈活工作空間減小，機械手靈活性降低；為減小工作空間中空腔區域體積，桿件3 、桿件5的長度與關節5的轉角應合理選擇。

The static analysis of the long span plate - truss composite cable - stayed bridges. first, the cr formation on the geometric non - linear structural analysis is introduced. next, the structural discretization of cable - stayed bridge, the stiffness matrix the formation of nodal force and the simulated construction system are introduced

首先介紹了本文採用的桿系結構幾何非線性問題的分析方法? cr列式法，其次介紹了板桁結合斜拉橋的結構離散及桿單元、梁單元的剛度矩陣以及節點力的形成方法，然後介紹了斜拉橋施工模擬體系的形成。

Weak pricing ability leads much economic bubble and aggravates the ups and downs in stock market. to some extent, ipo is the leverage, adjusting earnings in primary and secondary security market, and coordinates the vantage division among take - partner in market

從某種意義上說， ipo定價是平衡一、二級市場利潤的杠桿，作為一隻看得見的手，調節著市場各參與主體間利益的分配。

The design process of the proposed method is described as follows : the user inputs the 3d sketch of a welded machine, and the geometry and topology information of the members in the welded machine are established automatically. the design information is acquired by the means of man - computer interaction. according to the knowledge of design and welding, the rules of bar orientation, joint processing and welding sequence are established

用戶在autocad中輸入焊接機架的線框簡圖，提取出機架結構的幾何和拓撲信息，然後通過人機交互輸入設計信息，並根據機架的設計知識與焊接知識，建立機架的桿件方位布置規則、節點處理規則與焊接順序自動確定規則，最後在autocad中生成經過節點處理的機架三維實體，並提供一套合理的焊接順序。

And then, the error matrixes of location and kinemics of the end point, and the on - line error compensation method are given based on robot ' s dynamics. finally based on puma robot, three simulation examples are given respectively ; the first is about the location error and on - line location error compensation, the second is about the kinetic error and on - line kinetic error compensation, the third is about location and kinetic errors causing by robot ' s dynamics and the on - line error compensations. the simulation results show that : a ) location error of the end point based on elastic deformation of the sensor will be about millimeter ' s degree under the permitting load, b ) the on - line error compensation methods given are available

第三章首先概括了目前機器人連桿慣性參數識別的四種方法，總結這些方法的優、缺點；指出這些方法存在的問題是：或者需將機器人解體，不能在線進行參數識別，或者不能給出機器人連桿獨立的慣性參數值，只能獲得慣性參數的組合值，而這些方法的共同問題是：不能考慮機器人連桿的關節特性；本章提出了一種基於腕力傳感器的機器人末端連桿慣性參數在線識別方法，給出了該方法的理論計算和推導；研究提出了以腕力傳感器輸出為前提的、基於newton - euler動力學的機器人動力學正向、逆向遞推公式；針對機器人負載參數辨識必須在線、實時的特點提出了基於腕力傳感器的負載參數在線識別方法，給出了負載參數識別的步驟。

Harmonized system of quality assessment for electronic components ; sectional specification : lead screw actuated and rotary preset potentiometers

電子元件質量評定協調體系.分規范.螺紋桿調節或直接

Driver ' s position : optimised layout, based on the latest ergonomic principles, considerably reduced vibration and noise, throunh insulating the operator ' s compartment from the vehicle itself by means of shock absorbes, seat adjustable to operator ' s height and weight, as well as being spring suspended and hydraulically damped. lindedouble pedal control system offers accurate reversing without. changing gear. linde central control lever operates all mast functions

駕駛室:根據人機工程學原理對駕駛室進行了優化設計.駕駛室與車身之間由減震墊隔離，大大地降低了震動和噪音，司機座下有彈簧和液壓減震裝置，並可根據駕駛員的身高和體重進行調整，以獲得最舒適的狀態.林德雙踏板控制系統具有無需切換即可實現靈敏向的功能:林德集中控制桿控制門架的提升，下隆和傾斜動作.發動機的轉速可根據提升和其它功能對輸出功率的需要而自動調節.護頂架與司機座聯成一體，並可裝配成舒適的全封閉駕駛室

The possible shear of the upper chord will change beam from flexural member to member under flexure and compression force. this is emphasised through design example. as a result ， we find that composite floor system is good for reducing the height of floor system

在組合樓蓋體系設計中，筆者指出，可能的桁架弦桿剪力會使作為桁架弦桿側向支承的梁由彎曲構件變為壓彎構件，這是在與桁架體系相適應的樓蓋體系設計中應該注意的一個環節。

We should improve the macroeconomic control system featuring the coordination of state planning and fiscal and monetary policies to give play to economic leverage

完善國家計劃和財政政策貨幣政策等相互配合的宏觀調控體系，發揮經濟杠桿的調節作用。

We produce five main series of forgings. front - axle for medium and heavy - duty truck, balance - axle, serial turning - joint, crankshaft, serial connecting rod, strikoff - board for comprehensive coal tunneling machine, serial chain - wheel, forged valves for export, serial forged parts for armored vehicles

工廠現有主要產品五大系列：中重型載重汽車前軸、平衡軸、轉向節系列、發動機曲軸、連桿系列、綜合採掘機刮板、鏈輪系列、外貿各類專用閥體系列、特種軍用車輛鍛件系列。

Straight moving type relief valves, mainly valve disc, valve body, spring - loaded, roof, regulation pole, conditioning nut, and other integral parts

直動型溢流閥，主要有閥芯、閥體、彈簧、上蓋、調節桿、調節螺母等零件組成。

Oligochitosan is not only water - soluble, non - toxic, biocompatible but also possesses versatile functional properties of chitin and its derivatives, such as polyelectrolite properties, the presence of reactive functional groups, gel - forming ability, high adsorption capacity, bacteriostatic, fungistatic and antitumour influence, and thus it has attracted more and more attention in the field of biology. previous investigations have shown that chitin and its derivatives have immunoenhancement activities

殼寡糖是由3 10個n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖殘基或氨基葡萄糖殘基通過- 1 ， 4 -糖苷鍵連接而成的寡糖，它具有良好的水溶性、組織兼容性，在生物體內易降解，同時也具有抑菌、抗腫瘤、調血脂、調節免疫及活化腸道雙歧桿菌等多種生理功能，因此已成為眾多領域的研究熱點。

This paper deals with the following three topics with regard to the control of multiple manipulators : 1. deprive the kinematics and dynamical equations of two manipulators with identical structure on the basis of geometry theory, one of which has two links, giving the inverse solution to the kinematics of the system which consists of the manipulators and the grasped object ; 2. by use of load - distributing, design a controller coordinating multiple redundant manipulators whose parameters are known

基於微分幾何理論推導出兩個具有相同結構的二連桿機器人的運動學逆解及與物體所成系統的動力學方程； 2在假設由多個冗餘機器人與物體組成系統的動力學模型確知的前提下，利用負荷分配法，設計了一種不僅能使關節力矩優化且能按照一定比例分配負荷的控制器，解決了以往控制器的一些缺陷，即忽視各個機器人的實際承載力，導致一些負荷力小的機器人卻必須承擔較大的負載，最終損壞機器人； 3

So, will be changing the water mode of ways of planned economy in idea and change the water of urban low price, the old system of the rural free water, utilize the market means to regulate water price, utilize the economic lever to promote thrift and protection of the water resource at the same time

因此，在觀念上要改變計劃經濟方式的用水模式，改變城市低價用水，農村無償用水的舊體制，利用市場手段調節水價，同時利用經濟杠桿促進水資源的節約與保護。