極大劑量 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jídàjìliáng]
極大劑量
英文
maximal dose-
In this thesis, in order to reducing the amount of the pt catalyst, improving the electrocatalytic activity of the pt catalysts and utilization ratio of pt, the electrochemical codeposition method by cyclic voltammetry ( cv ) was used to prepare a series pt / moox / glassy carbon ( gc ) composite electrodes with high dispersibility. the composite electrode, pt / moox / gc, was characterized to study its composition and its electro chemical behavior by cv. using the xrd and sem techniques, the size and the dispersion degree of the catalyst particles were studied in presence or absence of moox in the catalyst
為了降低主催化劑pt的用量、提高pt的活性和利用率，本論文利用循環伏安法共沉積制備高分散的pt moo _ x催化劑顆粒，利用循環伏安電化學表徵、 xrd和sem技術研究了引入moo _ x后的催化劑即pt moo _ x顆粒的粒子大小、分散狀態；利用icp - aes定量分析pt moo _ x催化劑顆粒的組成含量；並藉助于電化學方法分別評價了pt moo _ x gc電極催化劑的對甲醇的電催化活性和穩定性、氧還原電催化活性。The minuscule pores keep the thinly spread catalyst in place and create the large surface area needed to break down the fuel effectively
這些極小的小孔使分佈稀薄的催化劑保持在原位上，並且能留出有效分解這種燃料所需的盡量大的表面積。A lot of experiments have been done in the process of exploiture soft packaging li - ion battery about how to choice the rational arts and crafts. the content include : how to deal with the collector, add how much pvdf in the material, how long the material need to stirring and the right viscidity, how much condubtivity agent the electrode need, what theckness is best, choice different collectors, the degree of dryness of the electrode, theckness of pressed model, how much electrolyte will be added, placement how long after added the electrolyte, system of formation how to influnce the battery, in formation the battery need or not need preesure from outside, how to vacuumize and the optimize matching positive pole and negative pole. with these practice make sure the parameter of the positive pole should less than 90 m ; according to different vacuumize order the conduc - tivity agent in anode will be 5mass % and 9mass %, respectively, and in cathode the data is 2mass % ; every 100mah added to 0. 4 ml electrolyte ; before formation the battery should be placement 8 hours and the system of formation must be less than 0. 01c before the voltage reach to 3. 0v ; should press in outside when battery in formation ; to these batteries which capacity more than 350mah the vacuum time not excess 15s ; the optimize matching positive pole and negative pole between 2. 10 : 1 and 2. 15 : 1. finally make out the battery which cycling performance and security are all very well
液態軟包裝鋰離子電池的研究主要是對關鍵工藝進行了優化設計，具體包括:集流體的處理、 pvdf的加入量、漿料攪拌時間和粘度、導電劑的加入量、電極膜的厚度、不同集流體的選擇、電極膜的乾燥程度、壓型的厚度、電解液的加入量、注入電解液后靜置時間的長短、化成制度的影響、化成時電池所具有的壓力影響、抽真空的處理、正負極活性物質的匹配。最後確定出液態軟包裝鋰離子電池最佳工藝參數:正極膜的厚度小於90 m ;根據化成時不同抽真空順序，確定正極膜中的導電劑的加入量分別為5mass %和9mass % ;負極膜中導電劑的加入量為2mass % ;電解液的加入量為每100mah添加0 . 4ml ;化成前電池的靜置時間應當大於8h ;電池在3 . 0v之前採用小於0 . 01c的化成制度;在化成過程中應當施加一定的外部壓力;對於350mah的電池抽真空的延時不應大於15s ;而正負極活性物質的質量比應當在2 . 1 : 1 2 . 15 : 1之間。Our previous studies demonstrated that agmatine not only reduced the amplitude of action potential ( apa ), maximal rate of depolarization ( vmax ), velocity of diastolic ( phase 4 ) depolarization ( vdd ), and rate of pacemaker firing ( rpf ), but also prolonged 90 % duration of action potential ( apd90 ) in a concentration - dependent manner
我們先前的實驗證明，胍了胺可劑量依賴性地抑制兔竇房結起搏細胞的0相最大上升速度（ v _ （ max ） ） ，動作電位幅度（ apa ）和舒張期除極化速度（ vdd ） ，起搏細胞放電頻率（ rpf ） ，而且能延長90動作電位時程（ apd _ （ 90 ） ） 。The chemical compositions of sei films formed on the interfaces of a3000 samples in different electrolytes during the first charging process are mainly li2co3 and lioco2r, but their textures are different. the sei films formed in ec - based electrolytes are thin and compact, which can prevent the solvated lithium ions from cointercalating between two graphene layers of the graphite crystallites effectively, therefore samples a3000 have small irreversible capacities and good compatibilities with this kinds of electrolytes. however, the sei films formed in pc - based electrolytes are thick but defective, which could not effectively prevent solvated lithium ions from intercalation, therefore sample a3000 shows large irreversible capacities in pc - based electrolytes and bad compatibilities with this kind of electrolytes
A _ （ 3000 ）試樣在六種不同的電解液中，首次充電過程中所形成的sei膜，其化學組分均為碳酸鋰和烷基碳酸鋰，但在ec基電解液中形成的sei膜薄而緻密，可以有效地阻止溶劑化鋰離子插入石墨層間，不可逆容量少，表現出與a _ （ 3000 ）試樣有良好的相容性；在pc基電解液中形成的sei膜厚，且有缺陷，不能有效地阻止溶劑化鋰離子嵌入試樣中石墨微晶的層間，不可逆容量大，與a _ （ 3000 ）試樣的相容性極差。The optimum conditions for air electrode preparation were shown as follow : 20 % ptfe and 20 % mno2 in active layer, thickness of active layer 0. 15 - 0. 25mm and the ratio of active carbon to ethine black 4 : 1 ; 60 % ptfe in the gas diffusion and waterproof layer, employing na2so4 as pore - making agents, thickness 0. 35 - 0. 45mm, colding forming and layer sequence catlytic layer / gas diffusion and waterproof layer / current collector layout ; employing 40 meshed nickel screen as current collector and thermal treatment temperature over 200
確定了制備空氣電極的優化工藝條件，催化層中ptfe含量約20 ， mno _ 2的最佳含量約為20 ，催化層中活性炭和乙炔黑的比例為4 ： 1 （質量比） ，厚度在0 . 15 - 0 . 25mm之間。防水透氣層中ptfe的含量約為60 ，以無水硫酸鈉作為造孔劑，厚度一般為0 . 35 - 0 . 45mm 。電極各層採用催化層/防水透氣層/集流體的排布方式，冷壓成型，熱處理對空氣電極的性能影響較大，熱處理溫度不低於200 。Meanwhile, fundamental principles about electroless tin plating by reducing agent and disproportionation reaction were explained. function of every component in the bath was explained that complexing agent can effectively change the potential of copper and tin, and accelerate the beginning of replacement reaction favorably ; reducing agent can increase the rate of chemical reaction and has the effect of promoting reaction dynamics too ; antioxidant can effectively prevent sn2 + in the bath from being oxidated ; additive agent a can improve the stability of the bath ; additive agent b has such effects as refining and brightening for the tin deposits, and it enlarges the range of brightening section ; additive agent c used as leveling agent can not only make the depostis level off, but also improve the dispersive ability of the bath ; surface - active agent can solve bubble problem which gathered on the surface of the deposits, and improve the surface quality of the deposits and the bath stability
闡述了鍍液中各組分的作用：絡合劑能有效地改變銅、錫的電位，促使初期的置換反應順利進行；還原劑能加快化學反應速度，對反應動力學有積極的促進作用；抗氧化劑能有效地防止鍍液中sn ~ （ 2 + ）的氧化；添加劑a能提高鍍液的穩定性，添加劑b對鍍層能有細化和光亮作用，擴大了鍍層光亮區的范圍；添加劑c作為平滑劑，不僅能增強鍍層表面的平整性，而且能提高鍍液的分散能力；表面活性劑較好地解決了化學鍍過程中汽泡在鍍件表面聚集的問題，提高了鍍層的表面質量和鍍液的穩定性。The vesicant material is the most key factor for the performance of the 11th coating, and then, the next is based matrix. if the dosage of based matrix is definite, increasing the dosage of vesicant material, compound material or additive will improve the fire endurance of the produced material
通過正交試驗比較得出發泡材料對配方11耐火極限影響最大，其次是粘結劑;在粘結劑量一定的條件下，增加發泡材料、復合填料及助劑，均可提高塗料的耐火極限。The results indicated that the dimension, shape and purity of base material could meet the functional demand of solid lubricant ; the thermal decomposition temperature of ptfe resin exceeds 400 c, but organic and inorganic packing filler added in ptfe made the water absorption rate of composite material increased, melting temperature and decomposition temperature decreased, in the meanwhile oxidative decomposition reaction was accompanied ; polar groups such as c = o, c - o - c and so on in the carbon fiber surface is advantageous to increase compatibility with other components and interlayer shearing strength ; uniform design experimental method could help to find the relationship between formula and frictional property by relatively small tests. the developing trend of each formula ' s friction coefficient could be showed by fitting curve ; the friction coefficient with no copper powder or graphite in formula was relatively big. this fact showed that copper powder and graphite should be used cooperatively ; it was found that when the ratio of copper powder to graphite by weight is 15 : 60, 30 : 30 - 40 and 60 : 15 - 30 respectively, the friction coefficient was relatively small. the degree of crystallinity of pure ptfe reached maximum by air cooling and the abrasion loss also reached maximum among three ones ; at the same time, the abrasion loss of solid lubricant sample was also the biggest among three ones ; when solid lubricant matched with 45 # steel axle or gcrl5 steel axle, lubricant transfer film could be formed on metal surface, thus direct contact between the surface of metal friction pair rings was reduced. their working life was elongated extremely ; there was mainly much graphite, a little ptff, moo3, feso4, cus and so on in lubricant transfer film
試驗結果表明：所選原料的尺寸、形狀及純度可滿足固體潤滑劑的性能要求；聚四氟乙烯樹脂熱分解溫度超過400 ，但在ptfe中加入無機填料會使復合材料吸水率提高，熔融溫度及分解溫度降低，且伴有氧化分解反應；碳纖維表面含有c = o及c - o - c等極性基團，有利於提高其與其它組分的相容性，提高層間剪切強度；均勻設計試驗方法能夠用較少的試驗次數找出配方與摩擦性能間的關系，擬合曲線基本能表示各配方的摩擦系數發展趨勢；配方中不加銅粉或不加石墨，其摩擦系數均較高，說明銅粉和石墨應該配合使用；當銅粉15份、石墨60份時，銅粉30份、石墨30 - 40份時，銅粉60 、石墨15 - 30份時，摩擦系數均具有較低值；純聚四氟乙烯樹脂在空氣冷卻時結晶度最大，磨損量也是三者中最大的；同時，固體潤滑劑試樣在空氣冷卻時的磨損量也是三者中最大的：不論是固體潤滑劑與45 #鋼軸配副或是固體潤滑劑鑲嵌入銅套后與gcr15鋼軸配副，在金屬表面均可形成潤滑轉移膜，從而減少金屬摩擦副表面間的直接接觸，大大延長其使用壽命;轉移膜中主要含有較多的石墨、少量聚四氟乙烯、 moo 。The most obvious characteristics of the adsorption method is its cost - effective to completely remove selected pollutants from flue gas until the absorbent is saturated. hence, this method can be effectively controlled and is commonly applied air pollution control equipment
吸附法之最大特點，系能在符合經濟條件之操作范圍內，幾乎完全除去氣流中之某種成份，直至吸附劑容量到達飽和為止，故其控制效率極佳，為十分普遍之氣態污染物控制設備。Electrophysiological experiment : in 73 rats, extracellular recordings in vivo were made from pvn using 3 - barrel microelectrode. neurons were categorized as gastric distension excitatory ( gd - e ) or inhibitory ( gd - i ) neurons tested with gastric distension stimulus. drugs were applied through the 3 - barrel microelectrode by a 4 - programmable pressure injector ( pm2000b, mdi, usa ) : relin, saline ( control group ) relin, " [ d - lys - 3 ] - ghrp - 6 ( antagonist for ghrelin - r ), to observe the effects of drugs on the neuron discharge
電生理實驗方法：在73隻大鼠中，應用三管玻璃微電極細胞外記錄麻醉大鼠一側pvn神經元自發放電，用水囊充盈胃鑒別胃擴張敏感神經元（ gdsn ） ，以壓力注射儀（ pm2000b ， mdi ， usa ）經三管玻璃微電極，對核團內中文摘要單個神經元分別微量注射給予: ghrelin 、生理鹽水ns （對照） ghrelin 、 d一lys一3 ]一ghrp一6 （ ghrelin受體拮抗劑） ，觀察藥物對神經元單位放電的影響。1. capacity and discharge efficiency of polyacene capacitors were systematically studies and electrolyte is aqueous and aqueous solution a series of pristine sample were prepared by pyrolysis of phenol formaldehyde resin moulded with znc, this inorganic salt used together with the resin served not only as the pore - forming agent to form open pores, which grow into a three - dimensional network structure in the cured material, but also as the microstructure - controlling agent to form a loose structure dopable with bulky dopants such as bf4 and so on
首次系統地研究了聚並苯導電材料作為雙電層電容器的電極活性材料時，在水系和非水系電解質中的容量及庫侖效率。用化學方法合成可溶性酚醛樹脂，加入的zncl _ 2在聚並苯的制備過程中既是成孔劑，使在處理的材料中形成三維網狀微孔，同時它又是微孔控制劑，形成能被bf4 -等體積較大的摻雜劑所摻雜的疏鬆結構。The studies expressed that the tensile - strength declined with the growth of dose rate after the radiation treatment, and at the same time, the gel content had extreme value with the change of the dose rate. the surface of uhmwpe fibers showed some irregular micro - pits and dents after radiation treatment, narnely rough degree increasing. their number and deepness increased with increase of dose. and this phenomenon is the most obvious when the dose rate was 8. 5kgy / s and the dose was 400kgy. at the same time some containing oxygen groups, including hydroxyl group, carbonyl group and carboxyl group, were introduced into the fiber surface which was exposed to the air
研究表明， uhmwpe纖維經電子束輻照處理后，纖維的拉伸斷裂強度隨劑量率的增加呈下降趨勢，凝膠含量隨著劑量率的變化存在極值。纖維表面出現了不規則的微裂紋和凹痕，隨著劑量的增大，電子束對纖維表面的刻蝕程度增加，在本研究中以劑量為400kgy劑量率為8 . 5kgy s時刻蝕效應最為明顯。同時，在空氣中進行輻照時，纖維表面被引入了一些含氧基團，包括羥基、羰基和羧基。The results show : la2o3, ceo2, nd2o3 is applicable for the additives of mh electrode because of the good comprehensive performance of the negative especially during the high rate discharge phase ; y2o3 is not fit as an additive for mh electrode ; the ceo2 content in negative has great effects on the performance during the high rate discharge phase and 2 % ( mass percentage ) is the best one, furthermore, the improvement of purity of ceo2 is beneficial to the comprehensive performance ; the mixture of coo and ceo2 as a additive is more suitable for mh electrode during the high rate discharge phase whose properties are better than that of addition of coo and ceo2 respectively
研究表明， mh電極中添加la _ 2o _ 3 、 ceo _ 2 、 nd _ 2o _ 3顯著提高了電極電化學綜合性能，尤其是大電流放電性能，適宜作大電流放電下電池負極的添加劑； y _ 2o _ 3不適宜作負極添加劑； ceo _ 2添加量對大電流放電性能影響較大， ceo _ 2的適宜添加量2wt ；提高ceo _ 2純度能改善mh電極電化學綜合性能。 mh電極中添加coo 、 ceo _ 2復合添加劑后電極綜合性能比單獨添加coo和ceo _ 2更優良，適宜作大電流放電下電池負極的添加劑。The authour investigate the dosing conditions and effect of the pac to the huanghe water - source, which includes the following four parts : the selection of the pac ; the confirmation of dosing scheme and effect of the pac ; the research of application of potassium permanganate in combination with pac ; the research of the pac ' s modification and the modified effectiveness. the experiment is mainly carried out on the pilot system in the jieyuan water plan of tianjin. the results of the reseach include the following : l ) the pac from zunhua plant is selected as the better carbon for the source water of tianjin through the experiment ; 2 ) through the pilot experiment we conclude that the pac ' s best adding point is the mixing tank and the better dose is 10mg / l, on which the codmn of filtered water can be decreased to 40 % and the effluent have no problem of odour and color ; 3the adsorbing experiment show that pac mainly adsorb the organic matters which molecular wt., distribution between 500 and 3000, and can adsorb organic matters whose molecular wt., distribution are bigger than 6000 if the dose of it is adequent ; 4 ) pac together with potassium permanganate can remove the organic matter more effectively than each of them alone, and reduce the rising trend of turbidity of the flotation ' s effluent due to adding pac ; 5 ) the thesis made a research on the surface properties and the adsorbing capability of the modified carbon by oxidizer : the modified carbon with 20 % h2o2 can remove more organic pollutants than the untreated one by 12 % when we add a higher dose of coagulant ; 6 ) the modification of reduction and loading metal ions are also sttldied, and drow the following conclusions : the modified carbon with 5 % ammonia can enhance the organic matter ' s removal effectiveness by 10 % to the tianjin source water than the untreated one, and the modified one with loading metal ion remove the organic matters from the tianjin source water better ( 8 % ) than the untreated one due to the strong affinity betwween the humic acid and copper ion
本文的實驗主要是在天津芥園水廠的中試系統上完成的，論文的成果和結論主要包括： 1 ）通過靜態實驗選定河北遵化活性炭廠生產的煤質炭為適合天津原水的炭種； 2 ）中試實驗確定粉末活性炭的較佳投加點為混合池投加，較佳投加量為10mg l ，此時可使濾后水的cod _ （ mn ）降低40 ，且可較好地控制濾后水的嗅味和色度； 3 ）初步確定粉末活性炭對原水中有機物的吸附主要集中在分子量在500 - 3000范圍內，投量增大時可吸附部分分子量大於6000的有機物4 ）中試實驗表明：粉末活性炭與高錳酸鉀聯用可取得較兩者單獨應用時對有機物更好的去除效果，且對因投加粉末活性炭而造成的氣浮出水濁度升高有一定的改善作用； 5 ）研究並初步確定氧化改性對粉末活性炭表面性質和有機物的去除效果的影響：粉末活性炭的氧化改性會使其表面的酸性官能團大量增強，表面極性增加；經20的過氧化氫改性的活性炭在增大混凝劑投加量（ fecl _ 3投量為15mg l ）時對有機物的總體去除效果較原活性炭提高12 ， 1次氯酸鈉改性活性炭對有機物的去除效果較原活性炭提高6 ； 6 ）研究並初步確定還原改性、負載金屬離子對原水中有機物的去除效果的影響：經5氨水改性的活性炭可提高天津源水中有機物的去除率達到10 ；負載銅離子后的活性炭可提高對腐殖酸類物質的去除能力，一般可提高8左右。Nano - sacle coo is apt to dissolve in the electrode homogeneously, and better conductive net of coooh come into being, thus contribute a lot to the procedure of the activation. the electrode with nano - scale coo and cnts shows higher discharge voltage and higher discharge capacity. nano - scale additives can improve the specific capacity of the electrode, the volume specific capacity and the mass specific capacity of the electrode with nano - scale coo are 784mah / cm3 and 224mah / g, respectively
結果表明：添加劑為納米coo的電極的活化性能最好，納米coo相對于普通coo能更加均勻的分佈在鎳電極內，也更易溶解、反應生成coooh導電網路，從而加快了鎳電極的活化進程；添迦納米coo和添加cnts的極片具有較高的放電電位和較大的放電容量，納米添加劑能有效提高鎳正極活性物質的放電效率和利用率；納米添加劑可以有效地提高鎳正極片的容量密度，其中添迦納米coo的極片體積容量密度達到784mah cm ~ 3 ，質量容量密度達到224mah g ；添加cnts的極片體積容量密度達到778mah cm ~ 3 ，質量容量密度達到223mah g 。We found a novel " weight effect of catalyst to the carbon nanotube cvd growth, which can dramatically enlarge the net ratio of carbon nanotubes. furthermore, by changing the reactant, new carbon nanotubes doped with nitrogen was fabricated. secondly, based on the successful catalysis synthesis of aluminum borate nanowires, a method to synthesize this excellent enhanced material with large yield was developed
通過系列實驗發現了碳納米管cvd合成中的「催化劑的重量效應」 ，該效應能夠極大地提高碳納米管的產率（凈產率達到1450 ）和純度（大於90 ） ，並且有希望應用於其它一維納米材料cvd催化合成；改變碳源，大量合成了摻有氮的碳納米管。The comparison of carbon nanotube and active carbon and graphite nanofibers used as electrode material is also presented. a composite electrode material comprising carbon nanotubes and ruthenium oxide is obtained and the capacitance of supercapacitor reaches 270f / g. the carbon nanotube and the natural manganese oxide compounded for the first time and the initial results were achieved
本文採用納米碳管作為超級電容器電極材料，得到比電容量為110f g的超級電容器結構單元，討論了粘結劑、電解液等多種影響因素，並與乙炔黑電極和魚骨狀碳纖維電極進行了對比；制備了納米碳管與氧化釕復合材料，得到比電容量為270f g的超級電容器結構單元；本文還首次將納米碳管與大洋錳礦復合用作超級電容器電極材料，取得了初步成果，為天然礦物的開發利用開辟了一個新的發展方向。Regarding the efficacy of the hirudoid and hirudoid forte preparations, proven in many studies, and the excellent tolerability there is no doubt, that the benefit - risk ratio of the product is positive
關于喜療妥和特強喜療妥制劑，大量的研究證實其毫無疑問具有極好的耐受性，利益/風險評估是積極的。Workplace atmospheres. guidance for the assessment of exposure by inhalation to chemical agents for comparison with limit values and measurement strategy
工作場所大氣.與極限值比對並根據測量策略評定化學試劑影響的導則分享友人