概括地觀察 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gàikuòdeguānchá]
概括地觀察 英文
survey v. 動詞 examine the general condition of
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 括 : 括動詞1. （扎; 束） draw together （muscles, etc. ）; contract2. （包括） include
  • 觀 : 觀名詞1. （道教的廟宇） taoist temple2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 察 : Ⅰ動詞（仔細看; 調查） examine; observe; look into; scrutinize Ⅱ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 概括 : 1. （總括） summarize; summarization; generalize; epitomize 2. （簡單扼要） briefly; in broad outline
  • 觀察 : observe; watch; survey; observation; inspection; review; viewing; examine; outsight; overlook; ap...
  1. On one hand, they diachronically represent the eight major steps taken by yungho chang ' s atelier fcjz along with its 10 years ' development, while the analysis proceeds step by step from historical review to investigation of the present and anticipation of the future ; on the other hand, eight steps synchronically summarize eight important components of yungho chang ' s pursuit, covering both autonomous architectural subjects and some closely related social cultural issues ; at the same time, between general historical cultural context and specific architectural discipline, eight steps are eight different view angels and optical lenses, through which the author gradually unfolds a careful reading and critical scrutiny on yungho chang ' s architectural works and ideas

    一方面， "八步"歷時性地代表著張永和非常建築工作室十年來成長所經歷的八個主要步驟文中的評析從歷史性的回顧逐步過渡到對現狀的考察和對未來的展望；另一方面， "八步"也共時性概括了張永和的建築追求中的八個重要組成部分，其中既涵蓋了建築學本體的課題，也涉及到一些密切相關的社會、文化問題；同時，在廣泛的歷史文化脈絡和特定的建築學本體之間， "八步"又成為八個不同的視角和視鏡，筆者藉此得以逐步展開對張永和的建築作品、觀念的細致讀解和批判性審視。
  2. Based on this kind of relations between the topological structures and the content distributions we study the web modelling, community identification and some related application problems in detail : first, after some existed characteristics of the web topology are verified, some new characteristics are discovered : the high clustering property in micro - topology ( high average gathering coefficient ), the obvious mapping relation between the topological struture and the content in micro - level 、 linear irrelevant between the degree distribution of network nodes and the relative degree distribution of contents etc. then after analysis the topology of the complex network and the network modeling, the muti - scale determinism is proposed, especially for the information network a web evolvement model ( prcp model ) that fused the node authority and the node correlation is proposed. the model deduction, evolving learning verification and large scale experiment proof indicate that the model can explain the micro - topology centralizing phenomena, can imitate the mapping relation between the network connecting distribution and network content relative distribution and also can predict the mapping relation between the topology clustering and content clustering

    本文在詳細觀察了web網路的拓撲結構特徵以及拓撲結構與內容分佈相互關系的基礎上，以信息網路的物理連接拓撲結構與節點內容相關度分佈之間的相互關系為主線，從網路特徵、網路建模、社區分析及相關應用方面問題進行了深入細致地探討:首先在驗證了前人提出的web網路拓撲結構特徵基礎上，進一步發現了信息網路所具有的一些新特徵: 1 ）網路微觀顆粒度的拓撲結構聚團與內容聚團存在明顯的映射關系，具體包括節點之間的物理連邊概率與節點之間的內容相關度成指數比例關系、節點形成三角形拓撲結構的概率與節點內容相關緊密程度之間同樣具有一種指數比例關系; 2 ）網路節點連接度整體分佈與節點內容相關度整體分佈是線性無關的; 3 ）網路微觀拓撲結構中的存在很強的集聚性（平均聚團系數很高） 。
  3. The fourth chapter sets views on the study of the typical cases such as the great zhongshan road plan, the city - cycling road plan, the new residential district plan, the zhongshan cemetery plan, etc. these cases to some degree involves in the earlier concepts of historical building recycle, landscape design, and residential district plan. the fifth chapter is a summary of the historical characteristics of nanjing ' s city planning and analysis of these characteristics mainly from four aspects : the first is from nanjing ' s orientation in city planning. as the capital of china at that time, nanjing ' s city planning show its particularity compared with some other cities along the long rive.,

    首先是分析南京作為近代中國首都這一特殊的城市定位決定南京有別于其他城市在城市規劃的特殊性，包括規劃政策上、規劃運作模式上、規劃實施等方面；其次是分析「西體中用」的規劃思想在南京城市規劃上的指導作用，包括西方規劃思想對城市宏觀層面的安排以及中國傳統理念在建築微觀層面的控制，並且簡要介紹一些對近代南京城市規劃活動有影響的規劃師、建築師、規劃參與者和他們的規劃思想；再次是對南京城市規劃范型的概述性研究，主要是考察對南京城市有影響的幾種城市規劃模式；最後對南京城市規劃一些特徵要素進行分析，包括土地利用規劃分析、道路系統規劃分析、綠化系統分析等。
  4. Then, the author demonstrates how to study on the gagne ' s thoughts in the paper : based on reviewing gagne ' s thoughts on learning theory, instructional theory, principles of instructional design, the author tries to make clear of the relationships among important conceptions, and the inner - framework and connections of his theories, so as to grasp the essentials of his theories. next, the author analyzes gagne ' s thoughts in the course of the development of american educational technology. based on theoretical comparison and analysis, the author discusses the significance of gagne ' s contribution and thoughts to the field of educational technology now and in the future in order to comprehend his thought thoroughly and shape a right attitude on the emerging new technologies and notions for chinese practitioners

    接下來，是論文展開加涅思想研究的教育技術學視角：在系統考察加涅的學習觀、教學觀、教學設計觀、教育技術觀的基礎上，以概念結構圖的方式嘗試著揭示出加涅理論體系中重要概念之間、各理論之間的關聯及其內在結構，從而解讀他的核心思想；隨后將其學術思想放在美國教育技術學歷史發展的進程中考察和把握，通過理論的比較與分析，對加涅在推動美國教育技術學發展方面所作出的貢獻予以概括性的評價，並進一步探討加涅思想對本學科發展的現實與未來意義，從而使我國學術界對加涅的評價更趨全面，同時也有利於我們客觀、冷靜地面對當前不斷涌現的新技術、新理念；最後結合本研究所獲得的對加涅思想的理解，就我國學科發展中出現和存在的幾個重大理論問題進行分析和探討，試圖為我國教育技術學的學科發展提出具有建設性的意見。
  5. The full thesis is divided into five chapter : in chapter 1, it mainly discusses the research history and present condition of the traditional dwelling, elaborates the main purpose and meaning of the research, and definite a few definitions of basic concepts involved by this thesis ; in chapter 2, it mainly elaborates the main characters of the traditional yard - outside and patio - inside dwelling architecture in xiangnan ;, including the comprehensive treatise toward the person ' s subjective construction characteristics, the objective technique condition characteristics and social cultural characteristics etc. ; in chapter 3, there has a comparison to the traditional dwellings who has the typical model region features in the southern and northern. through analyzing, it puts forward that the traditional yard - outside and patio - inside dwelling architecture has the characteristics which are between the southern and northern dwellings ’ ; in chapter 4, fore the noodles ’ elaboration, it discusses how the traditional yard - outside and patio - inside dwelling architecture in xiangnan can be built, including the material reasons and the spirit reasons, the end got it to construct five main reasons that the appearance become : the objective environment factor, culture factor, the influence of the population flowing, the code institutions and the clan system and the social ideology at that time etc. ; in chapter 5, it introduces the existence conditions of the traditional yard - outside and patio - inside dwelling architecture in xiangnan, putting forward some viewpoints and measures on protection and renewing

    全文共分為五章:第一章緒論主要論述了傳統民居的研究歷史和現狀、闡述了研究的主要目的和意義、界定了本文所涉及的幾個基本概念的界定;第二章主要闡述了湘南外庭院內天井式民居建築的主要特徵，包括對人的主觀營造特徵、客觀的技術條件特徵以及社會文化特徵等的綜合論述;第三章則是對南北方具有典型地域特色的民居建築進行簡明地比較分析，提出湘南外庭院內天井式民居建築具備南北方民居建築構成要素的二重性特徵;第四章在前面闡述、分析的基礎上，論述了湘南外庭院內天井式民居建築的成因，包括物質層面和精神層面的多重考察和論證，最後得出了其建築形態形成的五個主要原因:客觀環境因素、文化交融的影響、人口流動的影響、禮法與家族制度以及當時的社會意識形態等，其中最主要的成因是南北方文化交融的結果;第五章，在湘南外庭院內天井式民居建築的現有存在狀況的基礎上，結合自己參與的一個民居保護項目，對民居保護與更新談了些粗淺看法。
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