概率定額 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gàilǜdìngé]
概率定額 英文
quota of budgetary estimate
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 率 : 率名詞（比值） rate; ratio; proportion
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 額 : 名詞1 （額頭） forehead:寬額 a broad forehead2 （牌匾） a horizontal tablet 3 （規定的數目） a sp...
  • 概率 : [數學] probability; chance概率論 probability theory; theory of chances; 概率曲線 probability curv...
  1. From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered

    第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。
  2. Value - at - risk models aggregate the several components of price risk into a single quantitative measure of the potential for losses over a specified possibility and time horizon. but those models still do not give an answer to the question “ what will be lost in the worst - case scenarios ? ” which every financial institution have to ask itself

    隨后提出的var概念以最簡單的形式告訴投資者，其所持有的頭寸在一定的概率保證程度下將來可能的最大損失額，並且自80年代首次被應用於測量交易性證券的市場風險后， var獲得了廣泛應用。
  3. A choice has also to be made between probabilistic ~ techniques ( such as random or stratified ~ ) and non - probabilistic ~ techniques ( such as judgmental, quota or convenience ~ )

    另外要在兩種取樣方法中進行選擇，是選概率取樣法（例如隨機或分層取樣）還是選非概率取樣法（例如判斷取樣、定額取樣或方便取樣） 。
  4. In chapter 1, we briefly reviewed the risk theory and its development. and the significance about this paper was expressed. in chapter 2, we introduced classical risk model. in which, making this risk process into a strong markovian process is the preparation of deriving the main results. chapter 3 is the main body of the paper, we derived the results about general ruin probability in a kind of continuous time risk model with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time. the martingale approach is a good procedure to get the expression of ruin probability about a class of continuous time risk models with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time. we also take advantage of change of measure idea from it

    第二章介紹了經典風險模型，其中用逐段決定馬爾可夫過程理論及補充變量技巧，使一類風險模型的盈餘過程成為齊次強馬爾可夫過程。第三章作為本文的主體部分，在索賠到達間隔服從虧時幾何分佈的連續時間風險模型中，索賠額分佈為一般分佈，它的破產概率可以利用pdmp中的廣義生成運算元得出鞅，通過調節系數的選擇以及在相應測度下的測度變換，使得破產概率的一般解可以表示出來。
  5. In the study of risk theory, a class of continuous time risk process with deficit - time geometry distribution of claim inter - occurrence time was made into a strong piecewise - deterministic markov process with the theory of piecewise - deterministic markov process and by introducing a supplementary variable. martingale approach is one of the most powerful methods of pdmp. the programming process is getting the ruin probability from the martingale construction. we use the idea of change of measure in the programming process and find the result and the function of adjustment coefficient

    本文應用逐段決定馬爾可夫過程理論及補充變量技巧，使索賠到達間隔服從虧時幾何分佈的連續時間風險過程成為齊次強馬爾可夫過程，然後利用pdmp中的鞅方法（用廣義生成運算元得出鞅）推導了鞅的形式，作為該風險模型索賠額分佈為一般分佈下的破產概率的一般表達式，其中用到了測度變換的思想。
  6. This risk process is made into a homogeneous piecewise deterministic markov process by introducing supplementary components from forward markovization technique. then a martingale is found by the martingale approach of piecewise deterministic markov process ( pdmp ). the general expression and the lundberg bound of the ruin probability are derived subsequently. the idea of change of the probability measure and the adjustment coefficient are used to find the lundberg bound

    首先利用向前馬爾可夫技巧使此風險過程成為齊次馬爾可夫過程，然後利用逐段決定馬爾可夫過程（ pdmp ）中的鞅方法，得到本文風險模型中鞅的形式，繼而求得索賠額分佈為一般離散分佈的破產概率的一般表達式，並得到破產概率的lundberg界，這里用到了測度變換的思想，從中可以看出調節系數的重要作用。
  7. This paper consists of three chapters. the first one is the preparatory knowledge underlying this paper, including the basic concepts of the piece - wise deterministic markov processes ( pdmp ), the renewal equation, the key renewal theorem and some results about the classical risk model, which come from [ 2 ], [ 8 ] and [ 9 ]. the second one introduces the results about the general ruin probability in a kind of continuous - time risk model with the deficit - time geometric distribution of inter - occurrence times, in which claim sizes are discretly distributed. these come from [ 6 ]. the main body of this paper is the third one where we derive lundberg bounds, cramer - lundberg approximations to the ruin probability and finite - horizon lundberg inequalities

    本文共三章，第一章是奠定本論文基礎的相關知識，包括逐段決定馬爾可夫過程的一些基本概念、更新方程與關鍵更新定理的內容以及經典風險模型的介紹，主要取自[ 2 ] 、 [ 8 ]和[ 9 ] 。第二章介紹了該風險模型在索賠額分佈為一般分佈下的破產概率的一般表達式及相關定理，內容來自[ 6 ] 。第三章是本文的主體，求得了該模型的破產概率的lundberg界， cram r - lundberg逼近以及有限時間破產概率的lundberg不等式。
  8. A kind of sample in which every member of the population does not have a known probability of selection into the sample

    一種抽樣方法.即人口中的每個個體被選為樣本的概率不同.見方便抽樣，有目的抽樣，和定額抽樣
  9. The value of frequency of use determined by water quota, the number of people and the number of fixtures is more convincing and reasonable in using different fixtures

    如何選用合適的使用概率尤為重要。按照用水定額、使用人數、器具的配置等因素確定使用概率p ，更合理，更有說服力。
  10. This paper sets up the concept of the proportion of unloading and the relative proportion of unloading, sets up a mathematical pattern for the using of the packing materials on the base of the relative proportion of unloading. meanwhile we can design the packing dimension of the compressive wood piece, and it points out that per unit loading of the track pattern packing plan is the largest. the proportion of per loading has increased by 116. 6 % over that not compressing, and 30. 64 % over cylinder packing

    本文建立了空裝率和相對空裝率的概念，並利用相對空裝率，對包裝物的材料利用程度建立了一種數學模型，提出了計算方法，同時據此設計木片壓實裝袋打包尺寸，指出跑道形包裝方案的單位裝載量最大，與未壓縮裝袋相比提高單位裝載率116 . 62 ，與長方體裝袋相比提高單位裝載率30 . 64 ，並可以充分利用c60火車的額定運載能力。
  11. The research paper is based on the the latest softwares of the managing inventory, its research subject is about simulating the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity by statisticing the probability of the random require quantity. its purpose is to provide the relied basement for determining the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity, the deterring policy quality will be raised, so the damage caused by unfit inventory quantity and the benefit of the entrerpreneur will be raised. the research method is by building the inventory management information system, the system includes automated management of parts entering and going out the datasbase. requesting the records of parts entering and going out the datasbase and displaying the sygonal when the inventory quantity is short out. computer calculating the fix period remaining, requesting remaining at any time and displaying if goods need ordering, all the partsof certain a product going out of basement and at the same time checking if the storaging quantity is enough. then simulating the most appropriate inventory quantity and ordering quantity simulating method is as follows : statisticing the random required quantity. calculating the probability, standing for the values with data range producing random data by function accordingly calculating the random required quantity. thenext step is simulating all the projects after pressing in the simulating conditions. finally selecting the best

    本文通過分析國內外關于庫存管理軟體的發展情況，提出在線統計貨物出庫情況的基礎上利用模擬方法確定最優存儲方案，其目的是為制定合理的貨物安全庫存量和訂貨量提供可靠的依據，提高企業管理人員的決策質量，從而減小資金的佔用和缺貨損失，提高企業的經濟效益。通過研製庫存管理信息系統使庫存信息管理自動化，也就是實現貨物入出庫管理計算機管理、自動查詢貨物入出庫情況並在缺貨時給予提示、使用計算機貨物余額定期結算、貨物余額實時查詢並顯示是否需要訂貨、裝配出庫管理使得只要輸入需要裝配產品代號和數量，組成它的所有零件就會自動檢庫和出庫。然後對安全庫存量和訂貨量進行模擬，模擬方法是首先自動統計貨物在過去某一段時間內的需求量，計算出概率，用隨機數的范圍表示其概率數值的大小，利用隨機函數產生隨機數、從而間接的產生隨機需求量，給定模擬天數和其他模擬條件模擬各種方案，從眾多的存儲方案中找出最優存儲方案。
  12. As the application of distributed computing is used much more widely ， distributed database becomes a significant part of information management it avoids a lot of disadvantages of conventional centralized database ， and is applicable to many situations distributed database is a set of data which is the unity logic ， but in fact these data is located on different sites it is of high availability ， easy expansibility ， high concurrency ， high efficiency and etc in distributed system ， data redundancy is a method to improve the speed of query and the availability of system distributed query should shield the lower level details of data redundancy from end users ， distributed transaction should ensure data from disaccord this paper introduces basic conceptions of distributed database firstly ， discusses distributed transaction and concurrent control ， describes the development prototype mysql ’ s characters ， architecture and executive mechanism ， then shows the skeleton model of dpsql and exposes the strategy and algorithm of distributed query and distributed transaction ， at last analyzes the extra expenses and response delay of distributed processes this paper exposes the implementation mechanism of distributed query and distributed transaction emphatically distributed query uses the strategy of “ read one ， write a11 ” s0 in such a system if user ’ s requests are read - - only for the most part and the distribution of data redundancy is plausible ， efficiency is very high distributed transaction uses two - 。 phase commit protocol to ensure the consistency of global data ， which has less communication overhead

    分散式查詢需要向用戶屏蔽數據冗餘分散的底層細節，分散式事務處理要保證全局數據完整，這都是傳統集中式數據庫不曾面臨的問題。本文首先介紹了分散式數據庫的概念性問題；接著討論了分散式事務涉及的定義及演算法；然後描述了dpsql的原型mysql的特性、結構和執行機制；繼而給出了dpsql的梗概模型，闡述了實現分散式查詢和分散式事務處理的策略及演算法；最後分析了進行分散式處理給系統增加的額外開銷和客戶端的額外響應延遲。本文重點描述了分散式查詢和分散式事務處理的實現機制，分散式查詢採用」讀一個寫全部」的本地優先策略，在讀操作頻繁的系統中，只要庫的分佈合理，單機效率極高，幾乎無任何附加開銷和延遲，而以整個系統的角度看來，吞吐量就更是優于單機系統；分散式事務處理採用兩階段提交協議，通信次數較少並能確實保證副本一致。
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