正倍體 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhēngbèitǐ]
正倍體 英文
orthoploid
  • 正 : 正名詞（正月） the first month of the lunar year; the first moon
  • 倍 : Ⅰ名詞（跟原數相同的量） times Ⅱ形容詞（加倍） double; twice as much
  • 體 : 體構詞成分。
  1. During male gametogenesis, the spermatogonia became primary spermatozoa through mitosis, and then became fourth equivalent cytoplasm, round sperm through meiosis. after maturation, they participated in embryo development with the mature oocyte through fertilization. but in female gametogenesis, the primary oocyte formed a matured egg and 1 ~ 3 polar bodies ( pb )

    雄性動物精子發生過程中精原細胞最後一次有絲分裂形成二倍體精母細胞后，經過兩次減數分裂形成了四個含等量細胞質、圓形的精子細胞，最終發育成四個具有正常生理功能的精子，與成熟卵母細胞受精后參與胚胎發育。
  2. Part 1 : the culture and identification of es - d3 cells and the study of the efficiency of eb formation from es cells when grown on mef feeder layer in es culture medium or cultured in es culture medium supplemented with lif 1000u / ml, es - d3 cells being used in our experiments formed normal clones, expressed akp and kept their normal karyotype over many passages. the in vitro and in vivo differentiation experiments showed that es - d3 cells could differentiate into variety of cell types derived from three primary germ layers

    結果顯示： eso3細胞在小鼠胚胎成纖維細胞上和或含白血病抑制因於億f ）的es細胞培養液中形成典型的胚胎幹細胞克隆，堿性磷酸酶染色結果為強陽性，具有正常二倍體核型以及具有在體內外分化為三個胚層來源的組織細胞的潛能，而且具有形成種系嵌合動物的能力。
  3. In nature conditions, without the injection of the extraneous hormone, the females and males of f _ 9 - f _ 12 could mate each other to produce new next generation of tetraploids. with the stable genetic tetraploidy and the fertility in the nature environments, this allotetraploid population possessed the key factors to form a new species with 200 chromosomes

    F _ 9 ? f _ （ 12 ）染色體數目的穩定性和正常的性腺結構以及自然條件下的生殖傳代行為，說明該異源四倍體鯽鯉已成為一個染色體數目為4n = 200 、遺傳性狀穩定的新型四倍體魚群體，具備形成一個新的種群所需的關鍵因素。
  4. Apoptin ( vp, ) can selectively induce apoptosis in human transformed and malignant cells but not in normal diploid cells. apoptin induces a p53 - independent, bcl - 2 - insensitive type of apoptosis in various human tumor cells

    其中， vp _ 3蛋白質是雞貧血病毒的致病因子，能選擇性的誘導腫瘤細胞和轉化細胞發生凋亡，但對人和鼠的正常二倍體細胞無影響，稱為凋亡素（ apoptin ） 。
  5. An aneuploid state in which a third homologous chromosome is present in addition to the normal autosomal pair is called trisomy.

    除了正常染色體對以外，還存在有第二種同源染色體的非整倍體狀態，被稱為三體性。
  6. Euploidy the normal state in which an organism ' s chromosome number is an exact multiple of the haploid number characteristic of the species

    整倍性：正常狀態下，生物體染色體數是此種生物單倍體數目整數倍的現象被稱為整倍性。
  7. The females and males of f _ 9 - f _ 12 possessed, respectively, the normal ovaries and testes that were able to produce the normal dipoid ova and sperm, respectively

    在這三代四倍體魚中它們仍然保持有正常的卵巢和精巢，能夠分別形成正常的二倍體卵子和二倍體精子。
  8. Anther culture ( pollen culture ) the generation of haploid plants from immature pollen grains or intact excised anthers. the resultant plants are generally smaller than their diploid counterparts

    花藥培養：從未成熟的花粉粒或者切下的完整的花藥中再生出單倍體植株的過程。這樣培養出來的單倍體植株通常比正常培養出的二倍體植株小。
  9. Here is another partial mole in a case of triploidy. note the scattered grape - like masses with intervening normal - appearing placental tissue

    另例三倍體部分葡萄胎。顯示有分散的葡萄狀團塊，內有正常外觀的胎盤組織。
  10. These forms are highly sterile, as would be expected of triploids and of autotetraploids derived from basic deploids.

    這些類型都是高度不育的，正如由基本的二倍體衍生三倍體和同源四倍體一樣。
  11. Sweetpotato pollens killed by u. v. didn ' t sprout ; 2. normal pollens sprouted ; 3. pollens of 5x mixed with recognition pollens attached and sprouted much ; 4. in the negative - cross, sweetpotato pollens attached and sprouted much on the stigma of 5x ; 5. in the possitive - cross without recognition pollen, 5x pollens few attached and sprouted ; 6. in the treatment of pgr ( twice ), globular - embryo observed on 15 days after pollination ; 7. ovule obtained by intercross germinated on the medium ; 8. plantlet from intercross ovule grew on the medium ; 9. seeds obtained by opening pollination ; 10. tubers of hybrids from 5x crossed by sweetpotatos for two generations

    紫外線殺死的甘薯花粉在親和柱頭上不萌發； 2 .未經紫外線處理的甘薯花粉在柱頭上正常萌發； 3 .在蒙導花粉作用下，五倍體的花粉在甘薯柱頭上大量附著和萌發； 4 .反交組合甘薯花粉在五倍體柱頭上大量附著和萌發； 5 .正交組合無蒙導花粉時五倍體花粉少量附著和萌發； 6 .生長調節劑二次處理后，授粉后15天所見的球形胚； 7 .雜交胚珠在培養基上萌發； 8 .雜交胚珠培養成苗； 9 .放任授粉收獲的大量種子； 10 .五倍體與甘薯雜交兩代產生的後代群體的結薯性。
  12. It was found recently that in the gynogenetic haploid and diploid embryos of goldfish, which have exactly the same genome, the haploid condition results in obstruction of gene expression and abnormal development while the diploid embryos have normal gene expression and development

    在具有相同基因組的金魚雌核發育單倍體和二倍體胚胎發育過程中，單倍體本身的條件導致了它在基因表達上有缺陷，發育不正常，而二倍體發育正常。
  13. The best condition for extracting polysaccharide from porphyridium cruentum were as follow : alcohol concentration was 50 %, alcohol volume was 1 - fold time, percolation time was 0. 5h, the volume ratio of glycoprotein solution to sevag reagent was 2 : 1, time was 45min and sevag reagent was 4 : 1 between chloroform and butanol. the result also indicate that sodium acetate anhydrous and nh4cl were the best carbonic and nitrogen source for polysa

    血色紫球藻的最優提取工藝為乙醇濃度50 % ，乙醇用量為1倍體積，醇沉時間為0 . 5小時;氯仿與正丁醇的比例4 : 1 ，樣液與sevag試劑的比例2 : 1 ，作用時間為45min ;五種碳源的影響差異不顯著，氮源的影響差異顯著，其中添加無水乙酸鈉和nh4ci的培養基多糖產率最高，分別為33 . 784mg / l和40 . 997mg / l 。
  14. The polysaccharide production were 37. 296mg / l and 12. 961mg / l. the best conditions for extracting polysaccharide from porphyridium purpureum were as follow : alcohol concentration was 75 %, alcohol volume was 2 - fold time, percolation time was 1h, the volume ratio of glycoprotein solution to sevag reagent was 1 : 2, time was 45min and sevag reagent was 3 : 1 between chloroform and butanol. the result also indicate that nahco3 and nh4cl were the best carbonic and nitrogen sources for polysaccharide respectively

    淡色紫球藻的最優提取工藝為乙醇濃度75 ，乙醇用量為2倍體積，醇沉時間為1小時；氯仿與正丁醇的比例3 ： 1 ，樣液與sevag試劑的比例1 ： 2 ，作用時間為45min ：由方差分析可得五種碳源和五種氮源對胞外多糖的影響不顯著，添加碳酸氫鈉和摘要nhoci的多糖產率最高，分別為41
  15. Deproteinized from crude polysaccharide by adopting sevag method. through orthogonal test, we found that the best constitution for extracting polysaccharide from porphyridium aerugineum 755 were as follow : alcohol concentration was 50 %, alcohol volume was 3 - fold time, percolation time was 1. 5h, the volume ratio of glycoprotein solution to sevag reagent was 1 : 2, time was 15min and sevag reagent was 4 : 1 between chloroform and butanol. the result also indicate that lactose and ( nh4 ) 2so4 were the best carbonic and nitrogen sources for polysaccharide respectively

    研究結果表明，三種紫球藻的最佳提取工藝各不相同，銅綠紫球藻的最優提取工藝為乙醇濃度50 ，乙醇用量為3倍體積，醇沉時間為1 . 5小時；氯仿與正丁醇的比例4 ： 1 ，樣液與sevag試劑的比例1 ： 2 ，作用時間為15min ；由方差分析可得五種碳源和五種氮源對胞外多糖的影響不顯著，其中添加乳糖和（ nh _ 4 ） _ 2so _ 4的培養基多糖產率最高，分別為37 . 296mg l和12 . 961mg l 。
  16. Hyperdiploid chromosome abnormality was seen in 5 ( 5 / 14 ) untreated patients with psoriasis and significantly higher than normal

    5例（ 5 / 14 ）未經治療的銀屑病患者外周血淋巴細胞染色體的超二倍體明顯高於正常人。
  17. A diploid - dependent regulatory apparatus was proposed by prof. luo et al to regulate gene expression. the haploid condition results in obstruction of gene expression and abnormal development because the diploid - dependent regulatory apparatus will regulate gene expression in the haploid embryos according to the same rule as in the diploid embryos. to study the difference at the protein expression level of the embryos of haploid and diploid in development and to identify the important proteins associated with the embryonic development, we extracted the total proteins of both the gynogenetic haploid and diploid embryos of goldfish in the same eye formation stages ( divided into the substages of he - 1 and de - 1, he - 2 and de - 2, he - 3 and d e ~ 3 respectively )

    為了研究在金魚雌核發育單倍體和二倍體胚胎發育過程中的蛋白質表達水平的差異，並鑒定一些與發育相關的重要蛋白質，我們以遺傳背景一致的金魚雌核發育單倍體和正常二倍體的相應眼睛形成的發育階段的胚胎為材料（ 3個時期，分別為he - 1和de - 1 ， he - 2和de - 2 ， he - 3和de - 3 ） ，然後提取胚胎的全蛋白，用二維聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳的方法進行蛋白質點的分離，獲得了質量較好的凝膠圖譜，結果顯示大部分蛋白質點分佈在ph5 - 10 ，相對分子質量在10000 - 50000da 。
  18. Embryonic stem ( es ) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass ( icm ) of early blastrocyts, which possess the ability of unlimitted proliferation and maintain normal dipoid keptypes under differentiation - inhibited culture in vitro, they will differentiate into multiple lineage cell types or occur commentent and differentiation without differentiation - inhibited factors or hi presence of certain induced - factors.

    胚胎幹細胞（ es細胞） ，是存在於早期胚胎內細胞團（ icm ）的一種多潛能細胞。在體外抑制分化培養時， es細胞可無限增殖並保持正常的二倍體核型，一旦撤除分化抑制因素，或添加適當誘導劑， es細胞可發生譜系分化或定向分化。
  19. Generally meiosis occurs before gamete formation, resulting in the gametes being haploid ( having half the normal number of chromosomes )

    在配子形成前通常會發生減數分裂，產生單倍體的配子（染色體數為正常的一半） 。
  20. 64 % of patients investigated were overweight and overweight subjects were 5 times more likely to develop osteoarthritis of the knee

    病人中有64 %是身體過重，患上膝關節炎的機會比正常體重人士高出5倍。
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