正常成本計算 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhēngchángchéngběnjìsuàn]
正常成本計算 英文
normal costing
  • 正 : 正名詞（正月） the first month of the lunar year; the first moon
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 計 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算） count; compute; calculate; number 2 （設想; 打算） plan; plot Ⅱ名詞1 （測量或計算...
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 正常 : normal; regular; average
  • 計算 : 1 （求得未知數） count; compute; calculate; reckon; enumerate 2 （考慮; 籌劃） consideration; pla...
  1. The important meaning in which this direction studied has lain in establishing the connection between the material science of concrete and civil engineering, analyse the strength in terms of material microcosmic or the mesoscopic, have important meaning to understanding, know the essential law of the strength of concrete. this text divides six chapters altogether. chapter one reviewed the pore structure in nowadays domestic and international research current situation, including the concrete examines research, research of the pore structure model and the research current situations of pore structure and strength relation of the pore method, have introduced some most important achievements of structure research of pore ; chapter two narrated much yardstick of the material mesoscopic structure of concrete and principle of examining pore technology of material of concrete, and the commonly used sign parameter in discussedding the pore and material pore of quito of cement and analyse, have explained that the influence factor of mip to the result of study of pore, has pointed out the limitation in mip in the pore structure ; analyse porosity and strength relation development course of model emphatically, and has carried on comparative analysis to the existing model, has pointed out the weak point of the original model ; on the basis of " ing integrate synthetically ", propose concrete pore structure compound body model and pore physical model of systemlex body ; chapter five carried on the corresponding test data to compares to the model parameter appearing in model of chapter four with and analyses, have received k value of the characteristic of strength of matrices of reflecting according to the method to return to analysis, and calculate the influence produced on the strength of concrete in revision that can probed into the content of cement, elastic mould and surface energy, exactness of the inspection model ; chapter six is the conclusion, according to studying the survey this text to some research conclusions of the pore structure and making corresponding prospect to the structure development of pore

    第一章回顧了孔結構在當今國內外的研究現狀，包括混凝土測孔方法的研究、孔結構模型的研究及孔結構與強度關系的研究現狀，介紹了孔結構研究方面的一些最重要的成果；第二章敘述了混凝土材料細觀結構的多尺度性及混凝土材料測孔技術的原理，並討論了水泥基多孔材料孔隙分析中常用的表徵參數，也說明了壓汞法測孔對研究結果的影響因素，指出了壓汞法在孔結構研究中的局限性；第三章是著重分析了孔隙率與強度關系模型的發展歷程，並對已有的模型進行了比較分析，指出了原有模型的不足之處；第四章在「綜合集成」的基礎上，提出了混凝土孔結構復合體模型和孔系統的物理模型，並模擬了該模型下由各單體並聯形成的復合體的斷裂過程，最後根據所建模型編制了相應的計算程序，可根據輸入的孔徑分佈與水泥含量等參數，實現混凝土理論強度的計算；第五章對第四章模型中出現的模型參數進行了相應的試驗數據對比分析，根據回歸分析的方法得到了反映基體強度特徵的k值，並從理論上探討了水泥含量、彈性模量和表面能的修正對混凝土強度計算產生的影響，檢驗模型的正確性；第六章是結論與展望，根據研究綜述了本文對孔結構的一些研究結論並對孔結構發展作了相應的展望。
  2. After the recombinant plasmid pcdna3. 1 / ts87 was identified by digestion of hindlll and bamh i, it transformed into cos7 by lipofectamine. expression product was identified by immunohistochemical method, sds - page and western - blot. the immunocytochemistry result has shown that specific brown - staining grains were found in the cytoplasm of cells transformed by recombinant plasmid versus not seen in cells transformed by pcdna3. 1 or normal cells ; the sds - page result has revealed that a band about 3 8kb was found in cell lysis transformed by recombinant plasmid versus not in cells transformed by pcdnas. l or normal cells ; the western - blot result has showed that only the band about 38kd was recognized by sera from rabbit infected by t. s artificially and sera from rabbit immunized with soluble antigen of t. s and with protein expressed by ts87 gene and by a monoclonal antibody of t. s

    通過細胞的免疫組化，細胞裂解物的sds - page電泳， westem - blot分析檢測目的基因的表達情況。免疫組化結果顯示：重組質粒轉染的細胞質中有棕褐色顆粒，而空載體轉染細胞及正常細胞無此現象；細胞裂解物sds - page電泳結果顯示：只有重組質粒轉染的細胞在約38kd處有明顯的蛋白帶，這與理論計算的ts87基因表達蛋白的分子量為38kd基本一致； western - blot分析結果顯示：約38kd的蛋白帶能夠分別被旋毛蟲感染兔血清，成蟲蟲體可溶性抗原免疫兔血清， ts87基因原核表達蛋白免疫兔血清（ ts87血清）以及一株具保護性的旋毛蟲單抗特異識別。
  3. It must indicate that the theory of equilibrium and disequilibrium are not opposite, and should integrate them, equilibrium is the objective of the economy operation, and disequilibrium analysis is the available means of realizing the objective of equilibrium. firstly, the paper had a brief introduction on the theories of disequilibrium and real estate markets, and confirmed the choice of the disequilibrium econometrics model on the basis of the characteristics of the estate market of changchun city. the paper made sure that the disequilibrium of changchun city ’ estate market showed not only the disequilibrium problem of the total support quantity, but the problem of the structure and system of market

    跟據模擬的結果，本文發現當前價格機制開始失靈，市場調節的手段以數量調節為主，為恢復市場機制的正常運行，宏觀調控成為必然，配合對市場結構性非均衡的分析，發現在宏觀調控時應注意對非住宅市場的傾斜，結合非均衡度這個指標的計算，本文指出了長春市房地產市場今後的非均衡取向，通過宏觀調控警戒線設置模型的應用，指出政府宏觀調控應以直接調控為主，即採取行政和法律手段來規范市場行為。
  4. By taking advantages of epipolar line features and depth discontinuities in reference 中國科學院 軟件 研究所 博士 學位 論文 基于 圖 象 的 快速 繪制 技術 的 研究 images ， an efficient inverse wmping algorithm is pfoposed in chapter 3 for gcnerating nagcs of novel views by combining multiple eference images 帆 enhm different vie 呷 oints because continuous segnents determi 。 d by pairs ofedge pixels at co 。 spending epipolar lines are order kept ， only pairs of edge pixels in the reference 渝 明 e e necess 叨 口 cowute to obtain generalized disparity of all points in the desired image as a result ， sighficant acceleraion could be made in the endering pfo 比 鴕 two accelerating techiq 此 s e presented in this algori 山 mb accelerate the hole illing process his algorithm extends the reference images rom projection of single col ： ii ’ ected surface in previously developed nvnverse w 出 下 er to ima 驢 s captured rom complex scene in chapter 4 ， an 《 dent ibr method is prese 庇 仙 y takn ull 訕 antage of 呷 bies c 咖 the method can simulate the 3d details on sllri ： ace of object successfully he 。 叩 proach ， called rered ature mopmp consists of two pans at fst ， an origi 。 ltexture with orthogonal displacements per pixel is deco 啊 osed into a series of new t6 刀 mfcs with each 他 lug a given displacement per pixel ， called ae ， ea atures ， or lt hen hese lt e used to render the novel view by conventional texture mapping d avoid gaps n the endered hlla 驢 ， some phels are to be interpolated nd extended in the 廠 kaccoding to the depth differe eee between two neighbor pixels in the original texture as these ltlt fc … e much storage nd therefore much time is equired to install ltlt into the text ’ ufc buffec an 舊 thod is pfoposed to co 呷 fcss the ltlt ， nd the cottcspondingfclldering method is given experimental esults show that the new method is efficient ， especially n rendering those objects with a smaller depth rnge compared withtheir size ， such as relief surfaces of building

    與己有的三維變換方法相比較，該方法不但成功地填補了由於投影區域擴張而產生的第一類空洞，而且成功地填補了由於空間深度非連續物體相互遮擋而產生的第二類空洞，從而方便地實現了虛擬環境中的漫遊；基於物體表面深度的連續性，本文提出了一個位移預測方法? ?此方法可以從單幅參考圖象獲得逆映射過程中所需要的目標圖象的位移信息，從而大大提高了演算法的效率：與通常的正向映射演算法相比，此演算法克服了多幅參考圖象所帶來的計算量成倍增長等問題，而且誤差較小。 2 ）基於極線幾何的快速逆映射演算法。利用參考圖象的邊界信息與隱含的遮擋關系，以及極線幾何的性質，本文第三章提出了一個基於極線幾何的快速3 『一中國科學院軟體研究所博士學位論文基於圖象的快速繪制技術的研究逆映射演算法，從多幅參考圖象精確合成當前視點目標圖象。
  5. How to ensure the project implement safely and effectively, esp in the complicated condition of geology, the terrain and its features, is the key to restrict the project finishing successfully ; in this paper, the theoretic analyse and pratical study based on the extension of 309 country road ( from wuan to shexian in hebei province ), adopt the method of theoretical analyse, caculater and experiment, improve the controlling blasting skill and construction crafr of roadbed stonework, control the blasting harm effectively, accomplish the construction quickly and safely in normal conditions. the paper puts forward to the relative parameter applying to roadbed extension in beforecrack blasting, and raises the combination of beforecrack demolition and buffer demolition, which is the main way to conctrol the side - slope stable and taking shape. putting to use the achievement produces great social benifet and economic benefitjt has widely practical future

    特別是在復雜的地質，地形及地物條件下，如何保證工程的安全快速有效實施成為制約工程順利完成的關鍵。本文的理論分析和實踐研究以國道309河北武安至涉縣段改建工程為依託，採用理論分析計算與現場試驗相結合的方法，研究並優化了路基石方控制爆破技術與施工工藝，有效控制了爆破危害，實現了保證現有公路正常運營條件下的快速安全施工，本文提出了在預裂爆破中適合於路基擴塹工程的有關參數。同時提出了預裂爆破與緩沖爆破相結合是控制邊坡穩定和成形的主要途徑。
  6. Give cost and time data for project tasks, the six sigma black belt should be able to compute the cost of normal and crash schedules and the minimum total cost schedule

    給出項目任務的成本和時間數據， 6西格瑪黑帶應能計算出正常的和緊急加快的生產費用表以及最小的生產總費用表。
  7. The water quality respond relation of input - output measurements are established by systematic theory in this paper. according to the peculiarity of hydrology and the necessity of water quality inverse problem the multi - parameter inverse problem model based on ordinary differential equation is developed. the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the ordinary differential equation about two parameters or multi - parameter are to be proved. the unstability depending on errors between monitoring data and interpolation approximate data are analyzed and demonstrated. cubic spline interpolation function, the least two multiply and positive rule method are conjoined for obtained solution of multi - parameter. the results from this algorithm indicats its efficient to the multi - parameter identification in water quality modeling

    本文應用系統理論，建立了水質多參數輸入輸出之間的響應關系；根據河流水文水質變化特點和參數反問題的需求，建立了水質常微分方程多參數反問題模型.根據常微分方程參數反問題的數學理論，作者給出了兩參數和多參數水質常微分方程反問題的解的存在性、唯一性的理論證明過程和結論；還針對水質現有監測資料的測驗誤差和插值近似計算誤差造成參數反問題的不穩定性，將三次樣條插值函數、超定方程最小二乘法和正則化演算法有機地結合使用，成功地給出了水質參數反問題的穩定化演算法.最後給出了應用計算結果
  8. But all designed software before in our country still have some weakness, for example, the conventional type of cam counld be projected by these software is very little, and used approximation by lines to curves of cam which have bigger error and more nodal points that result in chattering of principal axis. in furthermore, this software of designing cam in fact only has the function of cad. if you want to simulate and work over the designed cam in that software, you will find that you have to export it to other cad / cam system software ( e

    隨著數控加工在我國的深入開展，真正實現我國的凸輪cad cam就顯得非常必要，但以往的凸輪設計軟體還存在許多不足，如可設計的凸輪類型較少，大多集中於平面凸輪；且採用誤差較大、節點數過密的直線逼近法生成凸輪工作曲線，造成計算時間長，且加工中產生較大振動；同時這些凸輪設計軟體基本上只具有cad功能，如果想將設計好的凸輪進行模擬和加工，就必須將圖形輸出到其它通用cad cam軟體（如mastercam等）中，因此這些軟體在實際應用中總不盡人意。
  9. Abstract : technology dimensions of work parts always exceed the determined technology dimension limits. but when the work parts are big enough, it is still possible and valuable to modify the work parts " following technology process and technology dimensions, which are respectively called as dynamic technology process ( dtp ) and dynamic technology dimension ( dtd ), to ensure them to be qualified. a mathematical model is proposed which is about how to plan the dtd once the dtp is determined. a software has been written to testify the correctness of the above model. this model will be very useful in the capp and online quality assurance in the manufacturing of precise machine parts

    文摘:工件的工藝尺寸在工藝過程中經常會超出許可的范圍，但當這些超差工件仍有足夠的加工余量時，通過修改其後續工藝路線（稱為動態工藝路線）及工藝尺寸（稱為動態工藝尺寸）仍有可能將其加工成成品.本文提出了一種在後續工藝路線確定后如何確定后續工藝尺寸的數學模型，並利用該模型成功地編制出了動態工藝尺寸設計的軟體，且用很多事例驗證了該模型的正確性.該方法可以應用於精密機械零件製造時的計算機輔助工藝過程設計及在線質量保證
  10. The main work and achievement are as follows : based on the adequately investigation on the process of eps accelerator radiant system, we put forward a distribution control system for eps accelerator based on plc + ic

    其主要工作和成果如下：本文在充分調研eps加速器輻照系統工藝生產流程基礎上，提出了基於plc +工業計算機的兩級集散式eps加速器自動化與監控的方案，從而最大限度地保證了生產的正常進行。
  11. Cylindrical cup is a typical axial symmetrical part, though the deformation of material is simple in drawing process, but during the drawing process, exists a lot of influence factors ( including workpiece material character itself as well as each technological parameters ), and they restrict mutually between the factors. so how to calculate the limiting drawing rate of a cup becomes a complicated nonlinear and multi - gene question. to predicting limiting drawing rate of the cylindrical cup accurately indeed is a very complex subject

    筒形件是典型的軸對稱拉深件，在拉深過程中材料的變形雖然相對簡單，但是在生產過程中，由於影響因素很多（包括工件材料本身性能以及各個工藝參數） ，且各種因素之間相互制約，故如何準確地計算筒形件拉深極限就成為一個復雜的非線性多因子問題，要真正準確預測筒形件極限拉深系數也是一個非常復雜的課題。
  12. Steel frame with welding joint easily occur brittle collapse because of having a low ductility at joints then ， a semi - rigid connected steel frame has large the energy absorption capacity which can resist dynamic loads and the using steel qualities of bracing system and joints are small so adopting a semi - rigid jointed steel frame is economical and stable but for semi - rigid connections are complex and variable ， in conventional analysis and design of steel structures ， it is usually assumed that the connections between columns and beams are either rigid or pinned the analysis of steel frames adopting the assumption can simplify the procedure of analysis and design ， but cannot precisely reflect structural practical circumstance and the errors of calculating results are large ， even ， get incorrect conclusions semi - rigid connection was referred to in chinese code for design of steel structures ( 2001 ， 10 ) ， however ， it isn ’ t specified how to apply semi - rigid joints in design in fact it cannot be carry out the purpose of the paper give a calculating method that accords practical engineering and easily put into effect worthwhile it is going to promote the development of semi - rigid jointed steel frame in design and heighten structural stability in the paper ， at first some commonly employed methods for the modeling of connection behavior are introduced richard abbott function modeling of connection is adopted for extended end plate bolted connection by the 34 test data comparing to regression analysis indicate richard - abbott function modeling of connection represents an excellent fit to test data then after a semi - rigid joint behavior can be modeled as a finite stiffness rotation spring ， base on rotation and displacement equation derive the element stiffness matrixes with semi - rigid connections where the effects ofj ointed flexibility geometric non - linearity and shear forces in the connection deformations have been considered in and fixed - end forces are modified finally, a program for calculating semi - rigid with incremental - iterative method has been

    本文的目的就是為半剛性連接鋼框架的設計提供一種既符合工程實際又簡便易行的計算方法，供規范使用過程的補充、延伸或參考；同時，也將促進半剛性連接鋼框架設計技術的發展，為提高結構安全性能、節省工程成本發揮應有的作用。本文首先介紹了常見的幾種應用較為廣泛的樑柱連接彎矩轉角關系模型，在分析比較的基礎上，選用richard ? abbott函數模型作為外伸端板連接彎矩轉角關系模型，通過對34個外伸端板連接的實驗數據與回歸分析得到的參數比較可知，經回歸分析得到的此模型參數與實驗數據符合較好。然後用彈簧表徵連接點的轉動剛度，根據梁的轉角位移方程推導出半剛性連接的剛度矩陣，在單元剛度矩陣中考慮了節點柔性、幾何非線性和剪切變形的影響，並對固端力進行了修正，最後用增量迭代法編制有限元程序進行計算和分析。
  13. The fast spot price solution proposed in this paper introduces a decomposing model, which is benefit for analyzing each component of spot price. based on interior - point optimal power flow, which has superiority on calculating and decomposing spot prices under power market environment, after rational approximation, the coefficient matrix and its factor table of modifying equation are made constant and need no recalculation during iterations

    本文提出的快速實時電價演算法採用適于對實時電價各組成部分進行分析的分解模型，在內點法最優潮流的基礎上合理的常數化其修正方程系數矩陣，使其在每次迭代時不必重新計算，大大提高計算速度。
  14. What the practical problems is often gotten is a single variable time series which has a time interval of t, reflect by a lot of interactive physics factor, containing the mark of all variates participating in movement, traditional time series analysis is to analyse going from this array to the form directly it ' s time develops, one dimension analysis loses useful information, the characteristics of phase space reconstruction method is to construct one dimension scalar quantity to high dimension vector, prop the geometry space of the state, show all dynamical information of system in phase space. the characteristic that just constructs again according to the phase space in this text, analyse the time series of responding, use the relevant knowledge of symbol dynamics and reconstruct phase space, put forward a kind of relation degree analysis method of the systematic mathematics model which has theory basis, so reach the correction of calculation mathematics model, make it accord with the actual systematic state

    實際問題中常常得到的是一個時間間隔為t的單變量的時間序列，它是許多物理因子相互作用的綜合反映，蘊藏著參與運動的全部變量的痕跡，傳統的時序分析是直接從這個序列去形式地分析它的時間演變，一維分析必然喪失許多有用信息，相空間重構方法的特點是把一維標量數據構造成高維矢量，支起狀態的幾何空間，在相空間中展示系統全部動力信息。本文正是根據相空間重構的特點，對響應時間序列進行分析，利用符號動力學、重構相空間等方法，提出一種有理論依據的系統數學模型關聯度分析方法，從而達到修正計算數學模型，使其更符合實際系統狀態的目的。
  15. The research outcome of this paper mainly includes : firstly, based on the character of toll collection system, the conceptual project of how to integrate etc technology into the existed manual combined computer toll collection system has been designed. and this offers a feasible thought for the management departments of toll expressway and bridge in china. since they are facing a problem that introducing etc to enhance efficiency without interfere the normal operation, thus solving the " bottleneck " in the toll station

    本論文的研究成果主要體現在：第一，本文首先從收費系統本身的特點出發，提出了將etc收費技術引入現有人工與計算機結合管理的收費系統的概念性設計，為國內收費路橋的管理部門正面臨的如何在不影響日常運營的前提下，順利引入etc收費技術捉高工作效率，解決收費站瓶頸問題，提供了可行的思路。
  16. Abstract : cable - stayed is used to cable suspension, but cable force is calculated by manual, and only for less than 5 segments, and the prescion is poor. this paper puts forward “ zero moment method ”, which can not only calculate more segmental soupe force, but both temporary joint and fixed joint during construction. the mechanical concept is clear, and it is easy for calculating. it is fit for program, and the illustrations prove that the methods are right

    文摘:斜拉扣掛在纜索吊裝中經常運用，但扣索索力多採用手工計算，且多用於5段以內的吊裝，計算復雜，精度低.本文提出「零彎矩法」 ，可計算任意多段扣索索力，既可計算拱肋在施工過程中各節段臨時鉸接，又可計算各節段固結的情況，將兩種連接方式統一成一種計算方法，力學概念清楚，計算簡便，適宜程，文中最後用示例證實本方法的正確性
  17. Daily cost control method ( cost control in the process of activity ) employing the accounting cost controlling theory and method with the reality of liaohe oilfield considered, we are able to establish the cost accounting method, cost difference computing method, co rrecting cost difference method and the frame of monitoring cost implementation and alarming difference analysis

    日常成本控制（事中成本控制）方法。主要是應用成本控制理論和方法，結合遼河油田實際，建立了成本核算方法、成本差異計算方法、糾正成本差異方法和成本執行情況監控、預警差異分析系統框架。
  18. When there are no or insufficient sales of the like product in the ordinary course of trade, or where because of the particular market situation such sales do not permit a proper comparison, the normal value of the like product shall be calculated on the basis of the cost of production in the country of origin plus a reasonable amounts for selling, general and administrative costs and for profits, or on the basis of export prices, in the ordinary course of trade, to an appropriate third country, provided that those prices are representative

    當在正常貿易中類似產品的交易額為零或不足，或者在某種特定的市場條件下此種交易並無適合的可比物時，類似產品的通常價值應該按這樣的基礎來進行計算：原產國生產成本加合理的銷售費用，加一般成本和行政管理成本以及利潤；或者也可以使用在正常貿易過程中，出口到第三國的出口價格，如果這些價格具有代表性。
  19. In hypothetical development method, the value of the appraisal object after its development has been completed deducting the normal development costs 、 taxes and interests etc. is taken as its reasonable value

    假設開發法是預計估價對象開發完成後的價值，扣除預計的正常開發成本、稅費和利潤等，以此估算估價對象的客觀合理價格或價值。
  20. This paper analyses the type, function and characteristics of usual proportional control valves and raises a new modificative version in the light of their drawback. that is, basing on the principle of flow amplification and electrical feedback and throughout calculation and analysis on flow closed loop control and pressure flow combination., determination of the minimum controlled pressure difference as well as flow controlling range and structure of main valve and research of the dynamic and static characteristic, the paper puts forward control principle of " flow - load pressure change - displacement revision " and pressure / flow double closed loop, and further expounds that using a proportional controller and a electric mechanical transducer can separately serve the control function of pressure or flow as well as flow pressure combination

    本論文分析了目前常用比例閥的類型、功能、特性，並針對其不足提出新的改進方案，即：以流量放大，電反饋兩個原理為基礎，通過對流量閉環控制及壓力流量復合的計算分析、確定上最小控制壓差及流量控制范圍，確定主閥結構、功能特性研究等，提出了「流量? ?負載壓力變化? ?位移修正」的控制原理和壓力流量雙閉環控制原理，並進一步論述了利用一個比例控制器和一個「電?機械轉換器」就可完成獨立的壓力或流量控制功能以及流量壓力復合控制功能。
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