此文章來自 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [cǐwénzhānglāizì]
此文章來自 英文
s. h. e
  • 此 : 代詞1. （這; 這個） this 2. （此時; 此地） now; here
  • 文 : Ⅰ名詞1 （字） character; script; writing 2 （文字） language 3 （文章） literary composition; wri...
  • 章 : 名詞1 （歌曲詩文的段落） chapter; verse; section 2 （條理） order 3 （作品） literary writing 4 ...
  • 來 : 來動詞1 （從別的地方到說話人所在的地方） come; arrive 2 （發生; 來到） crop up; take place; come ...
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 文章 : 1 （短篇論著） essay; article 2 （著作） literary works; writings 3 （暗含的意思） hidden meaning...
  • 來自 : come from
  1. This paper aims to trace the history of the formation of welfare measures since the middle age in england - how it dealt with the problems of homeless, poverty, and pauperism ( welfare - dependence ), and how it was transformed into poor law policies and social welfare administration

    摘要本文旨在探討英國自中世紀以來尋求處理流浪、貧窮及福利依賴的種種措施，因凡此各項法令規章隨著時日推移，從而逐漸演變?后來政府的濟貧方法社會福利行政。
  2. This paper aims to trace the history of the formation of welfare measures since the middle age in england ? how it dealt with the problems of homeless, poverty, and pauperism ( welfare - dependence ), and how it was transformed into poor law policies and social welfare administration

    摘要本文旨在探討英國自中世紀以來尋求處理流浪、貧窮及福利依賴的種種措施，因凡此各項法令規章隨著時日推移，從而逐漸演變為后來政府的濟貧方法社會福利行政。
  3. Focused on " understanding media ", the article analyses in chapter i the key media theory of employing what could be of mcluhan in a thoughtful angle ， and advances the viewpoint of " human being - the extending of media ? ". in chapter ii 、 in the following third part ， the idea of " media ' s endding " is expounded and demonstrated ， which is composed of three parts ： extreme of speed ， content of the content ， and human being ' s last extending - the extending of central nerves 。 in the final part ， the general conclusion ? ? electronic media ' s influence on human behavior is given ， that is human are under universal narcissism and pacing to the bottom of it impelled by electronic speed. the article has five original points in it ： first of all, in virtue of " content theory " ， it analyzes the theory of " meida equals to information " by mcluhan from a scale theory stand. secondly, the tremendous power of electronic media is emphasized from an implosion view. in the third point, the article advanced originally that, after extension of central nerve system, human themsevels reverse to an extension of media and turns into a node of it ; at the same time, the article proposes that, all extensions before that of central nerve are " controllable extension ", however, it reverses to " uncontrollable extension " while extending ; then the authur put forward for the first time that, the concernful reason obsessing human is the failure of their in - body central nerve system " s jointing and controlling on out - body central nerve system naturally. 。 the fourth point is, the article demonstrates systematically the idea of " media ' s endding " from three levels solely by thoughtful means, and this is the most revolutionary point of it all

    論文的創新之處有五點：一是從「尺度論」的角度，藉助「內容論」來解讀麥克盧漢的「媒介即訊息」的思想；二是從「內爆」的角度突出電子媒介的巨大力量；三是獨創提出在電子媒介時代，人類延伸了自己的中樞神經系統之後，人類本身被逆轉為媒介的延伸，成為電子媒介的一個節點；同時在本章節中提出中樞神經延伸之前的所有延伸為「可控延伸」 ，而中樞神經被延伸時「可控延伸」逆轉為「不可控延伸」 ，並首次提出，困擾人類種種問題的重要原因是體內的中樞神經系統無法無縫地對接和控制被延伸出去的體外中樞神經系統；四是獨自運用思辯的力量從三個層面綜合論證了「媒介的終結」的觀點，此處論證為本文最大創新之處，而此結論也將具有重大的理論與現實意義；五是根據以上幾個部分的論述，對人類目前的總體狀態作了一個定性的判斷，即：我們這個時代的迷惘在於我們深陷於自戀的漩渦里難以自拔，在電子媒介以其固有的電力速度的推動下，我們走向自戀的盡頭。
  4. This thesis brings forward that it is necessary to develop image - building by planning and design of small towns mainly for tourism from the height of region aiming at some phenomena of desultorily constructions, monotone and simple view, buildings with no design and culture happened and happening in some of this type of towns. the author analyses the system, structure, elements of these small towns through the theory of city identity system and " the image of city " with five elements. on the basis of it, the author studies the structure of sights and the embodiment of characteristic sights and advances the emphases of image - building by planning and design at three different aspects : the region or aero as a whole, the town as a whole and the part of the town

    論文針對當前重慶市許多旅遊型小城鎮形象建設雜亂無章，城鎮建設面貌單調乏味，建築缺乏設計和文化內涵，城鎮旅遊接待環境條件差，提出有必要站在區域的高度，對這類小城鎮進行形象規劃和設計，運用城市識別系統cis （ cityidentitysystem ）和「城市意象」五要素的原理來分析小城鎮系統結構和要素，以便能夠清楚地認識研究對象，在此基礎上分析旅遊型小城鎮的景觀構成及特色體現，提出了旅遊型小城鎮形象在宏觀、中觀和微觀三個層次上規劃設計的重點，並從理論上分析從實踐中總結出旅遊型小城鎮形象規劃設計的一般原則、方法表達方式及手段等，最後本文運用前面的理論和方法分析了重慶市的兩個典型的旅遊型小城鎮，並進一步得出結論，即旅遊型小城鎮形象建設是一個系統工程，要從規劃和設計兩個角度，結合旅遊的優勢，結合地方，結合自然，既有整體又有重點地對旅遊型小城鎮形象進行塑造，使得旅遊與小城鎮的建設和發展互相融合，協調發展，相得益彰。
  5. The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method

    本文具體內容安排如下：第一章介紹了信用、信用風險、信用評價的概念，回顧了信用評價的歷史、發展和現狀，並綜合各種信用評價模型，指出這些模型各自的優缺點：第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術，著重介紹有關專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識，通過總結它們的優缺點，指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性；本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念，提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟：第三章對樣本數據進行處理，包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構，介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理機制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋機制的具體實現方法；第四章介紹了面向對象技術，進而採用面向對象對信用評價系統進行分析，建立了對象模型和功能模型，並在此基礎上，採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現，用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法；第五章描述了整個系統的結構，對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹，並總結系統的特點；第六章總結了全文，指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。
  6. Seeing from the point of global management practices, the core competitiveness of insurance company includes the factors of management, technique, system etc. but we must consider about the special industry backgrounds, culture, tradition and their management practices, this article use the inside human resource management of ping ' an as case, combining with the restructure of literae spirit, theory of corporate culture, benchmarking theory, the special characters of insurance operation. finally, compared with some mature foreign practices of hrm such as career development plan, kpi performance evaluation, stimulation mechanism, importation of international professionals etc, this article gives out analyses. then it uses them as analysing frame, gives out ping ' an ' s workable measures

    從全球企業管理發展實踐來看，保險業核心競爭力的形成包括管理、技術、制度環境等很多方面的因素，但基於保險公司特殊的行業背景以及一國所特有的文化和傳統及其各自的管理實踐，本文以平安保險公司內部的人力資源管理為研究對象，結合目前中國社會中的人文精神重構、企業文化理論、人力資源管理中的標桿瞄準理論、保險業特殊的經營特點，從理論到實踐，對比國外比較成熟的一些人力資源管理方法包括職業發展計劃、 kpi績效評估法、分配激勵機制管理、引入國際化人才等方法作為加強人力資源管理的主要方法，並以此為分析框架深入結合平安保險的實際情況得出結論，比如說建立平安企業文化、對管理人員的區分激勵、一線員工的后線平臺搭建等微觀執行指標分解，在文章的最後從宏觀上提出強化執行和建立學習型人力資源管理機制的方法。
  7. The article intend to analysis the precess, character and motivion of development in traditional street space in which contain abundant cultural heritage. through investigation the writer should analysis the characte r, form and the relationship with each other, and furthermore find the pattern of the space in the fulture. what the most important is to summarize the spitits in traditional street space, such as activition, fuction, cultural elements, social customs and quatity of space. in order to put these elements to the exploit of new street space and find how these elements should be used, the writer regards some streets as the examples such as wenming street in kunming, xinhua street in lijiang jianshe rode in luxi. through research the writer find problems which exist in not only traditional but also in new street and express individual viewpoint about how to solve the problems. there are several ways to keep the new street exploition success. in the first place, we shoule know about all kinds of influences and synthesized elements. secondly mastering the mechanism of the development by oneself is indispensable. in the last place, it is necessory not to imitate some certain model which is plausible in other place. in the l ast of the article, the writer uses a new project to further illustrate the way to put the theory what have mentioned above into the practice

    並從自然，社會，經濟及社會文化方面分析產生的根源，發展動力，其次通過實際調查，對現有傳統商住的物質形態要素進行分析，從商空間及住空間的基本特徵，型制入手，探索傳統商住街區的空間形態，結構組成，商與住空間關系，空間性質及空間如何相互轉化。以此來尋找傳統商住街區物質形態特徵，同時結合具體實例強調在傳統商住街區改造、新區的規劃設計中應當重視非物質要素內涵的提取、如活動者及社會結構、功能意義、空間品質、文化氣息，保持歷史傳統的延續性的必要性與可行性。在文章的後半部分，有針對性的對遺留下來的傳統商住街區-昆明文明街、麗江新華街、瀘西建設路的物質形態特徵和非物質形態特徵的分析，找出現存的問題，並針對問題發表個人的觀點，指出引導現代商住街區的開發與改造中，保持形態合理發展的正確途徑是了解影響形態發展與演變的各種因素及其綜合作用，把握好形態演交的內在機制，而不應刻意追求某種特定的模式。
  8. As for ordinary crime, it has the following three features : ( i ) the action of crime discontinuance should take place in special stage : ( ii ) the discontinuance of crime should be out of the will of the conductor ; ( iii ) the conductor should give up the conduction of crime for ever. and as for special crime discontinuance, it has four features, i. e. except the foregoing three features of ordinary crime discontinuance, the conductor should take effective measures to prevent the result of crime and practically avoid the happening of the crime result. the third part studies the semi - criminal discontinuance

    在犯罪中止的時間性特徵一節中，文章對犯罪預備階段存在犯罪中止的可能性和必要性進行了探討，通過與國外刑法典的規定比較，認為從世界各國刑事立法趨勢來看，犯罪預備階段的中止行為已不宜再作為犯罪中止處罰；此節中，作者還對放棄重復侵害和犯罪既遂后能否成立犯罪中止從理論上進行了深入地探討，認為放棄重復侵害的情形下，還需要同時具備有效性條件才可能成立犯罪中止，而危險犯既遂后自動有效地防止實害結果的發生，應作為一種事後的悔罪表現，而不應歸屬于犯罪中止。
  9. The chapter one and two, as the basis of this dissertation, make out that asian currency will ally anyway, mainly for the reasons from economy, politics, society and on the analysis of related data from asian and wto etc. at the same time, it takes use of the theory on macroeconomics, advocating that the asia break away from the economics control of us and europe and deploys the resource by itself

    論文的第一章和第二章作為論文的基礎部分，從政治、經濟、人文以及宏微觀的角度，並結合來自東盟、 wto組織等相關數據說明亞洲貨幣必將統一。論文在此利用宏觀經濟學有關理論對亞洲貨幣統一的必然性進行了分析，提出擺脫美、歐的經濟控制，獨立進行配置資源。
  10. A widely used method for checking real - time systems is, according to the real - time property to be checked, to use a proper bi - simulation equivalence relation to convert the infinite - timed state space to a finite equivalence class space. the algorithm needs only to explore the finite space to get a correct answer. in most cases, exhaustive exploration is very difficult because the equivalence class space increases explosively when the scale of the system increases. in this paper, an equivalence relation is introduced to check whether a concurrent system, which is composed of a finite set of real - time automata, satisfies a linear duration property. to avoid exhaustive exploration, this paper also introduces a compatibility relation between timed states ( configurations ). based on these two relations, an algorithm is proposed to check whether a real - time automaton network satisfies a linear duration property. the cases study shows that under some conditions this algorithm has better efficiency than the tools in the literature

    一個被廣泛用於驗證實時系統的方法是根據被驗證的實時性質，使用適當的雙向模擬等價關系使無限的狀態空間轉化為有限的狀態等價類空間.演算法只需要在這個有限的等價類空間里搜索就可以得到正確答案.但是，這個等價類空間的規模一般隨著系統規模的增大而產生爆炸性的增長，以至於在很多情況下，窮盡搜索這個空間是不現實的.該文引入了一個等價關系來驗證一個由多個實時自動機通過共享變量組成的並發系統是否滿足一個線性時段特性.同時，還引入了格局之間的兼容關系來避免對狀態等價類空間的窮盡搜索.基於這兩個關系，文章提出了一個演算法來驗證是否一個實時自動機網滿足一個線性時段特性.實例研究顯示，此演算法在某些情況下比其他一些工具有更好的時間和空間效率
  11. The workshop has something to offer you when you serve as a reader too : an opportunity to learn how other writers approach a task, to acquire and practice using a critical vocabulary applicable not only to your own and your classmates ' writing but to any text you read, and to hone your skills as a textual critic

    另一方面，讀者也能從研習討論課中獲益良多：學習他人如何下筆，練習、學會使用批判性的字眼來評論自己的、同學的、及任何人的文章，以此磨煉出文評者須具備的水準。
  12. The last part summed up the general situation of elce on american chinese since 1970 ' s to the current time, introducing the school types, contents of instruction, and organization of elce and etc. the author points - out that as mainland china become more and more powerful in the world, elce is gradually acceptable by american main society

    在此時期，來自世界各地的美國華人人數大增，社會地位亦有進一步提高，這對美國華人華文教育有重要影響。文章通過對美國華文學校的類型、教學內容、華文教育組織類型等具體內容的介紹，來展現美國華文教育的現狀。
  13. Comparing with the traditional process of the dealt and undealt water, this test has analyzed a sound treatment to separate suspended materials and bacteria from water ; moreover the experiment has found the treatment to the solubility inorganic substances and organic materials, which the traditional way can hardly solve

    文章針對長沙市某自來水廠的傳統水處理工藝在3 ~ 5月間的前後水質的分析數據進行比較，分析出了該廠所應用的傳統水處理工藝對水中的懸浮物質及細菌有良好的處理效果，但對于溶解性的有機物和無機物幾乎無去除效果，並就此工藝提出了相應改善措施。
  14. Meanwhile, dell ? s competitors are honing their own consumer marketing : hewlett - packard ( hpq ) in recent weeks launched its most aggressive advertising campaign, largely targeting consumers ( see bw online, 05 / 04 / 06, " hp ? s wow factor " )

    與此同時，戴爾的對手也在深入細致地對其自身消費市場進行開發：惠普公司（ hpq ）近幾周來發動了其最富攻擊性的廣告戰，主要針對目標消費者（見2006年5月4日《商業周刊》在線的文章， 「惠普的成功因素」 ） 。
  15. According to the basic principle of designing self - directed course, the article analyze learning process on the internet and point out that the process includes four key factors : learner, learning content, learning action and learning tools, and we should treat the four factors as a whole when we design the self - directed web - based course

    據此，文章首先對網路環境下的學習過程進行了一般性描述並對其進行抽象，認為網路環境下的學習涉及四個因素：學習者、學習內容、學習行為和學習工具，並指出這四個因素是有機的整體。自適應網路課程內容組織應該根據網路環境下的學習過程來進行，並將這四個因素統一于課程內容之中。
  16. First, this paper introduces the conception of software test, testability, and some existent model used for analyzing testability. second, we analyze the merits and demerits of each model, as followed, after we particularly investigating the process of software fault leading to software failure, we put forward our improved scheme ? stdm and specify the process that it measure software testability more logically. at last, based on stdm we design and implement a stds ( software testability detecting system ), which can be used to measure the testability of c programs, and show the detected result in different level

    本文首先介紹了軟體測試和可測試性的基本概念等用於檢測軟體可測試性的理論基礎，並詳細分析了一些理論檢測模型及各自的優缺點；接下來，針對這些可測試性檢測模型中所存在的問題，根據對軟體錯誤導致軟體失效過程的研究分析，本文提出了一種改進的解決方案stdm用於對軟體的可測試性進行量化檢測，文章在最後設計並實現了構建在此stdm模型基礎之上的一個軟體可測試性檢測工具，該工具能夠對c源程序進行可測試性檢測並得出量化結果數據，驗證了該模型的有效性。
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