氣一元論 的英文怎麼說

Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet - parameter on evaporator. fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio - parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping

本文的主要內容如下： 1 ）對翅片管蒸發器結構特點進行分析，選取適當的微元控制體，就干、濕和霜工況下對每個微元分別進行傳熱傳質分析，基於經驗關系式確定霜的有關參數，對于霜工況下的霜生長建立模型，經適當假設，運用質量守恆、能量守恆和動量守恆方程建立適合動態模擬的蒸發器數學模型，為系統模擬奠定基礎； 2 ）對蒸發在大擾動下的開、停機過程，運用動態集中參數模型進行分析和計算，為更好地描述製冷系統運行的全過程奠定基礎，同時也為製冷系統實現自動控制提供一定的理論基礎； 3 ）對蒸發器正常運行過程，運用動態分佈參數和參數間定量耦合的觀點來分析和計算，為更好地了解穩態工況下各點參數的變化情況及各入口參數對蒸發器動態特性的影響即蒸發器性能對各參數變化的敏感性； 4 ）編寫翅片管蒸發器動態特性模擬計算程序，可以計算不同邊界條件和初始條件下的製冷劑熱力參數、空氣溫濕度和霜厚度分佈場，實現對翅片管蒸發器在干、濕和霜工況下的動態模擬。

The research work of this article is a part of the " reliability research of cylinders for compressed natural gas vehicles " project which was subsidized by chongqing scientific committee, it aims to research the destructive theory and design theory and method for fiber enlaced composite materials shell, and synthetically use finite element optimal technology to set up composite materials cad system

本文的研究工作是重慶市科委資助項目「天然氣汽車氣瓶可靠性研究」的一部分，旨在研究纖維纏繞復合材料殼體設計理論及方法和破壞機理，綜合運用有限元優化技術建立復合材料殼體cad系統。

In the chapter 3, algor feas ( also called super sap ), a commercial fem software is introduced ; several. problems in building the finite element model of a auto frame is researched ; taking advantages of fem and mathematic programming, a strength analysis method of the frame of a series multi - spindle hydropneumatic suspension automobile is proposed ; taking the structure and load characteristic of a missile ' s frame into account, the static, eigenvalue and response analysis have been made by using super sap91

第三章簡要介紹了大型有限元軟體sap91 ；對車架有限元建模及分析中的若干問題進行了討論；利用有限元法和數學規劃法相結合，提出了一種串聯多軸油氣彈簧懸架車輛車架強度分析的方法；針對某導彈發射車車架的結構和載荷特點，利用sap91軟體對其進行靜力分析、特徵值分析和動力響應分析。

Presents the model proposed for analyzing the vibration characteristics of shrouded blades and their calculation method by employing a wave propagation theory and modal synthesis technology coupled with a finite element method from the view point it is possible not only to conduct frequency modulation of the shrouded blades of a gas turbine, but also to utilize the friction effects between them to dissipate energy, thereby attaining the aim of vibration alleviation, as shrouded blades have been widely used in the design of high - speed turbomachinery, such as modern gas turbines and steam turbines, and with the shrouded blades forming an integral whole in a centrifugal force field, the vibration characteristics of the whole ring of blades are different from those of a single isolated blade, and this makes it essential to take into account the integral effect of blade shrouds, concludes from the calculation examples and engineering application that the above approach is valid and correct along with the possibility of considerably reducing the scale of calculation and analysis, and points out it is necessary to take into consideration the coupled effect of the whole ring of blades while the dynamic characteristics of shrouded blades is being analysed

帶冠葉片不但能調頻，還可以利用葉冠之間的摩擦效應來耗散能量，達到減振的目的.帶冠葉片在離心力場中形成一整體，其整圈葉片振動特性不同於單個孤立葉片，需考慮葉冠的整體效應.利用帶冠葉片系統的循環對稱性，提出了採用波傳播理論和模態綜合技術，結合有限元方法研究燃氣輪機帶冠葉片振動特性的分析模型和計算方法.算例和工程應用證明了該方法是效性的、正確的，並可以大大降低計算分析規模.研究表明帶冠葉片動力特性分析時必須考慮整圈葉片的耦合效應

In this article, firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced, thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks, how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk. so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory, which is the main content that we studied. firstly, the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes, performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric, and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad, as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree, and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty. from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed. involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied, and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk, the

本文首先介紹了中美、中歐紡織品貿易爭端的來龍去脈，由此可知在涉外貿易這種以高投入、高風險著稱的行業里，如何甄別和規避外貿風險、如何選擇合適的投資項目已經成為外貿企業的首要問題。因此，正文分別從統計學、博弈論和投資組合三種角度對涉外紡織品貿易公司風險進行了定性和定量的分析，這也是本文的主要研究內容。首先，統計學篇選取了深圳證券交易所行業分類指數?紡織服裝指數（ ti ）每一季度末的交易收盤價和若干種反映宏觀經濟變化的指標，利用計量經濟學中時間序列的協整檢驗、 granger因果檢驗和脈沖反應函數等理論做實證分析，從而得知反映國內物價水平和國內外經濟景氣程度的經濟指標對紡織板塊上市值的沖擊比較明顯，且可知沖擊程度和時滯度，進而分析出涉外紡織企業所面臨的宏觀經濟風險;接著，從博弈論的角度具體分析一家紡織品出口公司（ beauty ）的外貿活動所面臨的各種經營風險，該篇從博弈擴展圖入手，分析了出口目的國審查方式與本企業出口策略之間的制度安排;並圍繞雙方的利益分配，研究了有限回合和無限回合合作談判博弈，然後具體論述了國家責任和企業涉外經營風險等問題;在一定程度上為了實現投資多元化來分散風險的目的，投資組合篇從經典的markowitz模型著手，在一些特定條件的限制下，給出了一個相應的投資組合模型。

Also, the author ’ s design strategy and creativity has been given in this paper. specifically, it includes : based on the feasibility analysis of the fit selection of control parameters in the aeration process, the aeration process of wastewater treatment of the joint - constructional complete - mixed activated sludge process has been aimed at in this paper. then, the state equations of the aeration process have been proposed in this paper, which is on the base of dissolved oxygen concentration ( do ) and discharge quantity of sludge ( qw ) as control variables, the concentration of bod and sludge as state variables. based on the present study on optimization control of wastewater treatment, the multivariable optimal control model with restriction factor has been presented in the paper with introducing modern control theory and system analysis into the field of activated sludge wastewater treatment,

具體包括:以完全混合、表面曝氣合建式活性污泥工藝的污水處理曝氣過程為研究對象，在闡述了曝氣過程式控制制參數選取可行性的基礎上，建立了以溶解氧濃度do和活性污泥排放量qw為控制變量，以曝氣池中有機物濃度s和微生物濃度x為狀態變量的活性污泥曝氣過程的基本狀態方程;運用現代控制理論的觀點和污水處理理論，在現有關于污水處理最優控制問題研究的基礎上，建立了有約束條件多變量能耗最小數學模型，該數學模型是以有機物排放總量和狀態變量的末值條件作為約束條件，曝氣過程的能耗最小作為目標泛函;採用增廣拉格朗日乘子法對最優控制問題進行轉化，並對應用極大值原理求解能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行了詳細的解析;引入約束運算元，應用具有控制約束的共軛梯度演算法對能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行求解，並進行模擬實驗驗證。

Abstract : the model parameters for uniquac and nrtl equations are obtained by using the infinite dilute activity coefficients of a component at several temperature and the nonlinear regressive technique. the vaporliquid equilibrium ( vle ) data calculated by using the parameters for uniquac or nrtl equation is agreement with that from vle experiment

文摘:通過一個組分在不同溫度下的無限稀釋活度系數，利用非線性回歸確定了四氫呋喃1 ， 4丁二醇、水1 ， 4丁二醇二元體系的uniquac 、 nrtl溶液模型參數.用所獲得的兩溶液模型參數對三元氣液平衡數據進行理論推算，並與實測的三元氣液平衡數據進行比較，發現兩結果比較吻合

In this article, we study zhang zhan ' s annotation on lei - tzu, and proceed to distinguish and analysis his " wu " and " shiu "

另一方面則藉由對虛字的剖析，詳述張湛以虛為軸心，融合佛、道思想及兩漢元氣論，建立獨樹一幟的宇宙觀。

The first kind is a change for the worse and manifests itself in hundreds of thousands of casualties, the drain on arms and ammunition, deterioration of troop morale, popular discontent at home, shrinkage of trade, the expenditure of over ten thousand million yen, condemnation by world opinion, etc

第一種是向下的，表現在：幾十萬人的傷亡，武器和彈藥的消耗，士氣的頹靡，國內人心的不滿，貿易的縮減，一百萬萬日元以上的支出，國際輿論的責備等等方面。

The equation of the pressure of scroll chambers 、 the force of axis 、 the force of radial 、 the force of tangent 、 inertial force 、 the composition of forces and the inertial movement is given. a dynamic model of scroll compressor of combination profile is developed, based on the analysis of the movement of the moving parts. this can provide base of theory for dynamical balance design 、 intensity design and reliability analysis

論文利用pro / e軟體建立新型組合曲線渦旋壓縮機動渦盤的三維實體模型，在此基礎上根據受力情況對動渦盤的渦圈進行了有限元分析，探討動渦盤在工作過程中由於氣體力的作用而產生的應力與應變規律，為進一步完善動渦盤的設計提供了理論依據。

4. it is concluded that the es3 is a main member to accommodate the oil expelled from the source rock of the es3 member, that two assignment units of the type i are prospective areas where faulted reservoirs, fracture reservoirs, lithologic deposits may well be founded. the depth of threshold is among 2600 - 2800 meter and that of expulsion is around 3100 - 3400 meter, so the source rock of sha er member is totally immature and that of sha san member is partly mature

4 、從歷史演化角度和二次運移理論出發，研究了德南窪陷下第三系低熟油灶的油氣運移作用和分配，提出初次分配主要指向是沙三下段；內部成藏系統是有效的成藏系統，其內部油氣的再次分配主要指向德3井南和德1井南是兩個類油氣分配單元；德南窪陷生烴深度2600 - 2800米間，排烴起始深度在3100 - 3400米間，按目前下第三系地層埋深深度，則沙一段生油巖基本上處于未成熟狀態，沙三中、下生油巖處于低熟狀態，僅在窪陷深部分佈成熟生油巖。

Against a prototype which is being produced ， its three dimension end region entity model of stator is established ， and with the aim of simplifying calculation ， the theory of how to simplify entity model is studied ， then the theory is made use of ， and the end region entity model of stator is simplifi - ed ； meshing characteristics of three dimension entity model and shortcomin - gs of end region entity model of stator are studied ， then meshing method of three dimension end region entity model of powerformer stator is studied as well ， and the simplified entity model is meshed with this meshed model ， the distribution of end region magnetic field of stator is analyzed ， and the magnetic field energy and reactance of powerformer end region are calculated and compared with design value because the prototype is being produced ， in this paper ， stator core ， gap and eddy equipment are not taken into consideration ， and this has a little influence on the result ， but through analysis ， the result is proved to be good through the example calculation ， it is known that the method of this paper is useful and through theoretic analysis ， it is proved that end region

針對一臺生產中的樣機，對其建立了定子端部三維實體模型，而且為了達到簡化計算的目的，研究了如何將其簡化的理論，並應用這些理論對樣機定子端部實體模型進行了簡化；研究了三維實體模型的剖分特點和定子端部實體模型存在的缺點，在此基礎之上，研究了對簡化的powerformer定子端部三維實體模型的剖分方法，並且對簡化的實體模型進行了剖分。應用剖分的三維實體模型，用有限元法分析了powerformer定子端部的磁場分佈，計算了端部區域的磁場儲能，並利用磁場儲能計算了powerformer定子端部漏抗，將計算值與設計值進行了比較、分析。由於樣機處在設計生產階段，本文暫時沒有考慮定子鐵心、氣隙和渦流器件對端部磁場的影響，這對分析結果有一定的影響，但是仍然得到較好結果。

On - line monitoring of hvcb is the precondition of predicting maintenance, is the key element of reliable run, and is the important supplement to the traditional off - line preventive maintenance in fact, the faults are made by hvcb, no matter in number or in times, is over 60 % of total faults so it has determinative importance for improving the reliability of power supply and this can greatly decrease the capital waste used by - dating overhaul in this paper, the inspecting way of hvcb mechanism characteristic is discussed the concept of sub - circuit protector is presented, the scheme that we offered has been combined with sub - circuit integrality monitoring theory, to ensure that it has the two functions as a whole according the shut - off times at rated short circuit given by hvcb manufacturer, the electricity longevity loss can be calculated in each operation, and the remained longevity can be forecast too an indirect way for calculating main touch ' s temperature by using breaker shell temperature, air circumference temperature and breaker ' s heat resistance is improved in this paper, and main touch resistance can be calculated if providing the load current msp430, a new single chip microcomputer made by ti company, is engaged to develop the hardware system of the on - line monitoring device, and special problem brought by the lower supply voltage range of this chip is considered fully

高壓斷路器所造成的事故無論是在次數，還是在事故所造成的停電時間上都占據總量60以上。因此，及時了解斷路器的工作狀態對提高供電可靠性有決定性意義；並可以大大減少盲目定期檢修帶來的資金浪費。本文論述了斷路器機械特性參數監測方法；提出了二次迴路保護器的概念，並將跳、合閘線圈完整性監視和二次迴路保護結合起來，給出具有完整性監視功能的二次迴路保護器實現方案；根據斷路器生產廠家提供的斷路器額定短路電流分斷次數，計算每次分閘對應的觸頭電壽命損耗，預測觸頭電壽命；提出根據斷路器殼體溫度和斷路器周圍空氣溫度結合斷路器熱阻來計算斷路器主觸頭穩態溫升的方法，並根據此時的負荷電流間接計算主觸頭迴路的電阻；在硬體電路設計上，採用美國ti公司最新推出的一種功能強大的單片機msp430 ，並充分考慮該晶元的適用電壓范圍給設計帶來的特殊問題；在通信模塊的設計中，解決了不同工作電壓晶元之間的介面問題，並給出了直接聯接的接線方案。

Based on one dimension flow theory and lagrange method, the correlation of speeding rate of particles under gas flow drag with the size of particles and the length of laval nozzle used for the gas and solid two - phase separation test apparatus was studied

摘要採用一元流動理論和拉格朗日方法，研究了用於氣、固兩相分離試驗裝置的縮放噴管內，被氣流拖曳的顆粒加速率與顆粒大小和縮放噴管長度的關系。

Under the influences of random variabilities, during both construction period and operation period, the temperature field within a gravity dam body could be regarded as a random one. in this paper, stochastic finite element methods are suggested to deal with the random temperature field. by use of the suggested methods, the influences of random environmental and random hydration heat of concrete and the initial temperature of concrete as well as the thermal parameters of both concrete and rock foundation are all taken into account. according to a scheduled time table of construction, random temperature fields of a typical concrete gravity dam within both the construction period and the operation period are calculated by emulation the layer constructing of the dam. some useful conclusions are obtained from the computational results

由於施工期和運行期各種隨機因素的影響，使重力壩溫度場成為隨機.本文綜合考慮了環境溫度（包括氣溫和庫水溫度） 、混凝土絕熱溫升、入倉溫度以及混凝土和基巖的熱學參數隨機性的影響，基於隨機有限元法，給出了重力壩隨機溫度場的計算方法，對一典型重力壩按給定的施工進度模擬分層澆築施工過程，對施工期及運行期前期的隨機溫度場進行了計算，並得出了一些有益的結論

These landslides go with fluidization peculiarity different degree in course of their motion, and their speed and distance increase several times because of the fiuidization, thereby the disaster area greatly broaden. on the base of above, the paper studies systematically the fluidization of large high - speed rockslides in all its aspects : analyzed the aerodynamic effect in the short - range on the base of the wind turmel experiment, studied the effect of falling into pieces when landslides collides mountain ; studied the accelerating effect through high - speed collide experiment of landslides model ; and the paper reappear the overall process including set - out, collide in the short range, debris flow in the long - range of touzhai large landslide via distinct element method ( dem ), studied the flow law and equation of different type of debris flow resulted from large landslide. as a sample to apply, the paper analyzed fluidization mechanism of touzhai landslide

基於這一點，本文對大型高速巖質滑坡的流體化現象進行了全面而系統的研究：通過風洞模型實驗，研究了大型高速滑坡凌空飛行階段的空氣動力學效應，研究了飛行中滑坡巖體在與途中不動山體發塵碰撞時的解體破碎效應，通過滑坡巖體高速碰撞模型實驗研究了滑坡巖體解體破碎後部分巖體的加速運動效應，並應用離散單元法再現了雲南頭寨溝大型滑坡啟動高速、近程碰撞、遠程碎屑流運動的全過程，研究了巖體解體破碎后形成不同類型碎屑流的運動規律及運動方程，並對頭寨滑坡流體化運動機理進行了實例分析，取得了以下主要結論和成果： （ 1 ）對于大型高速滑坡，大多在啟程活動階段已獲得了高速，這使得這類滑坡在其離開剪出口之後以凌空飛行的形式向前運動，在其飛行過程中，滑坡巖體與空氣強烈作用，並產生空氣動力學效應，滑坡巖體在因碰撞而產生的解體破碎效應及部分巖體的加速運動效應的作用下，在遠程活動階段，以高速碎屑流的形式向前運動。

In this paper, firstly we analyse the distribution of the magnetic field in the permanent magnet canned motor pump which rate power is 15kw, and calculate the reactive electromotive force, armature reactance parameters of this motor pump with no loads and loads

本論文運用有限元方法分析了一臺15kw稀土永磁同步屏蔽電泵內部磁場的分佈情況，得到了在空載、負載等不同情況下，電泵的氣隙磁密分佈磁場，計算了反電動勢和電樞反應電抗等參數。

In this paper, a matching platform for a model lh150 four stroke motorcycle engine is set up and a electronic fuel injection system is designed. the design of the electronic fuel injection system include the fuel supply system design, the intake pipe and throttle body design, the electronic control unit ( ecu ) develop, the way to use sensor of the system and the means to deal with sensor signal

本論文建立了一套針對lh150型四沖程摩托車發動機的匹配臺架，設計了一套用於摩托車發動機的電控燃油噴射系統，對發動機供油系統、進氣系統進行了設計和選配；建立了一套傳感器的使用和信號處理方法；設計了一套電控單元硬體，並初步確定了電控單元的控制方法。

6. according to the theory of imaging of imaging spectrometer, through simulating the procedure of atmospheric radiation, a linear model was developed and applied in this study to re - build spectrum and got a satisfactory result. it lay a better foundation for object interpreting and quantitatively retrieves of information

根據圖象的構成理論，在嚴格模擬大氣輻射過程的基礎上，推導並採用一元線性模型來重建地物光譜，獲得了滿意的結果，為目標地物直接識別及其信息的定量反演奠定了基礎。

This thesis focuses on the overall optimal design of pipe parts and head pipe exchanger. an example is also presented to stand for the typical heat pipe heat exchanger ( that is, head - pipe air pre - heater ). the specific details and methods are introduced in the integrated optimal design and the optimal selection for head pipe heat exchangers

本課題就是要針對這一問題，對熱管元件及熱管換熱器整體優化設計進行研究，以氣- - -氣熱管換熱器中典型代表- - -熱管空氣預熱器為例，利用最優化理論，提出了對其進行整體優化設計的方法。