水災風險 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shuǐzāifēngxiǎn]
水災風險
英文
flood hazard- 水 : 名詞1 (由兩個氫原子和一個氧原子結合而成的液體) water 2 (河流) river 3 (指江、河、湖、海、洋...
- 災 : 名詞1. (災害) disaster; calamity 2. (個人的不幸) personal misfortune; adversity; unluckiness
- 風 : Ⅰ名詞1 (空氣流動) wind 2 (風氣; 風俗) practice; atmosphere; custom 3 (景象) scene; view 4 ...
- 險 : Ⅰ名詞1 (險惡不容易通過的地方) a place difficult of access; narrow pass; defile 2 (危險) dange...
- 水災 : flood; inundation
- 風險 : risk; hazard; danger
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The flood damage exposes the contradiction between people and flood, population explosion results in that people need more and more land for farming, a lot of flood - plain, flood - plain protection, retarding basin, and ever floodway are occupied by farmers for agricultural purpose. so that major or even middle and small flood can not be smoothly discharged in the river
這場洪災暴露了建國以來治淮工作中久而未決的一個問題,即局部地區為了解決人多地少的問題,大量侵佔河道行洪灘地,與洪水爭地,不給洪水出路,使得本已不堪重負的河道,即使是中、小洪水來臨,也處在高水位狀況下運行,加劇了中、下游地區的防洪風險。Firstly, the status of our nation ' s water resources, flood and arid hazards is overviewed to illustrate the necessity for study on dynamic control of flood season limited water level. disadvantages in traditional limitsd water level design, static control of limited water level design, static control of limited water level and fuzzy limited water level curve are pointed out, and mending methods for these are introduced. dynamic control and its key problems are analyzed hi next section. the allowable range of limited water level is determined, so as the allowable extreme risk index. the definition of extreme risk is re - illustrated, risk analysis methods in reservoir operation is discussed either. according to the definition of extreme risk rate, the allowable extreme risk rate of reservoir is systematically demonstrated with variant extreme risk indexes and flood season limited water level
本文首先闡述了我國水資源狀況和水旱災害、說明水庫汛期限制水位動態控制研究的必要性;介紹了傳統汛限水位設計、汛限水位靜態控制、模糊汛限水位過程線存在的問題及其初步改進方法;分析汛期限制水位動態控制的方法及關鍵問題;進一步闡述了水庫極限風險率的定義;根據極限風險率定義,詳細敘述了不同極限風險指標時、不同汛期限制水位下起調,水庫所能承受的極限風險率計算方法。然後,基於極限風險率計算方法,以白石水庫為背景,研究「考慮壩體自身安全、考慮壩體安全與下游防護對象控制下泄流量的汛限水位動態控制的極限風險率」 。And the resuits are as follows : the main hazards in rural area were flood, water - logging, landslide and debris flow, whereas water - logging in cities ; the catastrophe was caused by the natural factors including the heavy rain due to the strong tropical storm, the mountainous terrain conditions in xiangjiang river basin, and the man - made factors including unreasonable project construction, the imperfect disaster warning mechanism, the weak consciousness on disaster prevention and the unperfect disaster risk transfer mechanism etc
結果表明:農村的主要致災因子是洪水、內澇、滑坡、泥石流,而城市主要為內澇;此次巨災是在強熱帶風暴引發的暴雨、湘江流域中上游多山的地形條件等自然因素,和工程建設不合理、災害預警機制不夠完善、人們防災意識薄弱以及災害風險轉移機制不夠成熟等人為因素的共同作用下導致的。But in our country guarding catastrophe risk such as the flood, the earthquake, the basic insurance is almost a blank
而國內防範像洪水、地震這樣的巨災風險的基本保險險種幾乎是空白。Sparedescription : based on the author s research and information from the usa and japan, the development trend of flood control and disaster mitigation in economically developed countries is introduced, including the follow aspects : flood risk management, floodplain management, flood control standard, city rainfall flood storage, levee construction technology, public participation, flood insurance, management of storage and detention zones, flood control investment, study on flood control and disaster mitigation, and formulation of related laws and regulations
描述:根據美、日等國最新文件和資料,結合作者多年的研究,簡明地介紹經濟發達國家在防洪減災方面的最新發展趨勢.內容涉及洪水災害風險管理、泛濫原管理、防洪標準、城市雨洪調蓄、堤防建設技術、公眾參與、洪水保險、蓄滯洪區管理、防洪投入、防洪減災科學研究、法規建設等諸多內容( 3 ) the idea suggested in this paper of converting flood into utilizable resource 、 attempering flood by engineering means and supervising human behaviors in the flooded area. to overcome the various barriers arising from ideology 、 systems 、 technology and economy which the establishment of risk management system of flood will be confronted with, this paper also suggests a statistical approach to estimate extremum and the concept of gray - uncertainty risk in figuring flood risk and analyses the severe harmfulness of accidents of extremum risk, furthermore, supplements and perfects present quantity - analyzing method of risk loss
3 、本文提出洪水資源化的觀念,以工程手段對洪水進行調節,以法律、行政、經濟、教育等綜合性的手段對人類在洪泛區中的行為進行管理,是削弱洪水的危害性、減輕洪水風險的有效方式,提高的防洪安全保障需求,實行洪水風險管理是必由之路。洪水風險管理體制的建立必然面臨觀念方面、體制方面、技術方面與經濟方面的重重障礙,並提出洪災風險評價的極值統計學方法和灰色-隨機風險率的概念,建立了其表達形式與計算方法,它完善了現有的風險損失量化方法。The english understand by " marine risks " only risks incident to transport by sea, such as collision, stranding, fire, penetration of sea water into the holds of the ships, etc. in other words, under " all marine risks " recoverable loss will only be confined to those arising from perils of the sea and maritime accidents only
英國人對「海洋運輸貨物險」只理解為海運中的意外風險,諸如船舶碰撞、擱淺、起火、海水侵入船艙等,換句話說,投保「一切海洋運輸貨物險」 ,其損失的賠償只限於因海上災難和海運意外事故所引起的損失。From the point of view of risk, a index system of risk assessment of winter wheat losses caused by drought was established, including the meanings, token models and estimate methods of risk index of natural water deficiency rate, risk index of yield reduction rate and trending vector coefficient of disaster resistance capability, then on the base of these indices, the comprehensive risk index model of losses caused by drought was established and regionalized. the results indicated : the high risk region included the middle north of shanxi, some of middle of shaanxi and some of hebei in east ; the higher risk region included some of middle of shaanxi, the tangshan region and some of west of hebei ; the moderate risk region included the middle of s
從風險的角度,建立了冬小麥乾旱災損風險評估的指標體系,包括自然水分虧缺率風險指數、減產率風險指數和抗災性能趨勢向量系數的意義、表徵模式和估算技術方法,在此基礎上構建了災損綜合風險模型,並對模型參數區域化,結果表明:冬小麥乾旱災損高風險區在陜西中北部、山西中部的部分地區和河北滄州的部分地區;較高風險區在山西中部的部分地區、河北的唐山地區和西部的部分地區;中風險區在陜西中部、山西南部、河北滄州的大部分地區;低風險區在陜西中南部、河南中北部、北京市、天津市、河北中南部和山東省。In the main meteorological calamities, losses due to floods are the largest, and then followed by the losses that hailstorms and droughts caused
自然風險中的主要氣象災害風險,洪水造成的損失最大,然後依次是風雹災和旱災。Whereafter, based on the analysis on the flood influence for traffic lines, the research is centered on the following parts : firstly, the destroying modes, reasons and mechanism of flooded lines are discussed, and the frameworks and countermeasures of preventing and controlling hazards system are put forward ; secondly, the ways of region forecasting for the landslide are analyzed and the automation of landslide forecast for certain site through visual programming is realized. furthermore, the function of dynamic segmentation in arc view is made use of to realize the forecast result ' s visualization ; thirdly, the reasons and patterns of roadbed subsidence are discussed and the methods of forecasting subsidence based on the gm ( 1, 1 ) model are put forward. then the applications of the arcview software and its extended module on the study of roadbed subsidence are debates upon ; fourthly, an analysis on the sources of flood for traffic lines, which situate in the reservoir coverage area, is given
接著,論文探討了山區交通線路災害的特點、分類、時間和空間分佈規律以及災害的防治原則和對策等;然後,以洪水災害對交通線路的毀壞為主線,重點研究和分析了以下幾個問題:第一,探討了洪水對交通線路的破壞方式,水毀原因以及水毀機理,並提出了交通線路水毀防禦系統框架和對策;第二,分析了雨季邊坡塌方災害的區段預測方法;通過可視化編程,編制了雨季邊坡塌方災害的工點預報程序,並結合arcview實現了預測結果的可視化;第三,對路基沉陷原因和模式進行了分析,並提出利用gm ( 1 , 1 )模型對路基沉陷區進行分析和預測,最後論述了arcview軟體及其擴展模塊在沉陷區研究分析中的應用;第四,對汛期庫區線路災害的原因進行了分析,並探討了利用數量化理論對路基防護工程抗洪能力進行預測的意義;第五,提出從風險的角度對交通線路的防災減災進行管理,對風險估計的相關問題進行了論述,並探討了交通線路水害危險區段的劃分問題。Flood hazard risk management decision support system, fhrmdss include of geographic environment. social economy and engineering technology with much data. it need to think about many fields during decision - making process. the aim of this study is build a flood decision support system with the flood risk management
(二)通過對目前已經建成的防洪決策支持系統的深入了解的基礎上,重新從水利數據管理,水利工程管理,洪災風險管理,洪水調度,城市防洪,會商決策以及業務辦公等方面設計全新的防洪決策支持系統的總體框架。The theory and application of model research of regional flood risk assessment
區域水災風險評估模型研究的理論與實踐Based on the theoretic method, minjiang plain is divided into regions by flood risk using the method of hazard frequency analysis is developed
在理論分析的基礎上,結合岷江成都平原洪水風險分析的具體研究項目,運用水災頻率分析方法進行了洪水風險區劃的研究。In this study, the author try to find a way to establish a new flood hazard risk management decision system by gis and other technologies, which will harmonize with the nature rule of the flood then the system will reduce the hazard of the flood through managing flood correctly and benefit to the human beings
(五)在防洪調度方面,從單純的防洪調度:防洪工程調度方案的制訂和評價,通過綜合分析確定淹沒范圍,擴展到社會經濟損失分析與評估。包括災前風險評估、出現洪災時的實時災情監測評估、洪水過后的災后損失評估。Issuing warnings on hazardous weather such as tropical cyclones, storm surges, rainstorms, landslips, flooding, thunderstorms, windshear, fire danger and extreme hot and cold conditions ; and
發出惡劣天氣警告,例如熱帶氣旋風暴潮暴雨山泥傾瀉水浸雷暴風切變火災危險警告及酷熱和寒冷天氣警告以及Insurance company manages insurance wu to want to face various risks, include the catastrophe venture that at present manpower still cannot defy, like typhoon, rainstorm, hail, cold wave, arid, flood, earthquake, mud - rock flow, avalanche, coast, use conflagration of plant plant diseases and insect pests, forest, epidemic disease, etc, the assessment of consequence of the computation of its premium rate, calamity
保險公司經營保險業務要面對各種各樣的風險,包括目前人力尚無法抗拒的巨災風險,如臺風、暴雨、冰雹、寒潮、乾旱、洪水、地震、泥石流、雪崩、滑坡、動植物病蟲害、森林大火、流行病,等等,其保險費率的計算、災難後果的評估。Using the mature product mapx, visual basic, visual fortran and sql server, a flood risk management system based on gis was developed and used in the lower reach of the yellow river
下,並以visualfortran作為水流模擬的開發工具, sqlserver作為數據庫管理和支持工具,以黃河下游山東段堤防潰決的風險管理為研究對象,開發了一套基於gis的洪災風險管理系統。The data used in the risk assessment of regional natural disasters imply the information not only on time but also on space. when the spatial information of the data is incomplete, it is necessary to optimize the data in order to reduce the error of the assessment. in the counterpart of the paper in last issue of the journal the theoretical investigation of the problem was carried out and the imcomplete information occured in risk assessment of regionalnatural disasters were class ifiedinto two types with treatment of interpolation model and correcting model res pectively. the former model is for insufficiency of the data and the later is for the case in which the accuracy of the data is not enough. inthispaper, taking the flood sustained by rural area plant in hunan province as an example, it is explained how to use the models to calculate. the models are examined as well
區域自然災害風險評估中所用的數據不僅具有時間的意義,而且具有空間的意義,當數據的空間信息不完備時,需要對其進行優化處理,以減小風險評估的誤差,作者在本刊上一期的一篇文章中已進行了這方面的理論探討,將區域自然災害風險評估中所遇到的空間不完備信息分為兩類,分別用插補模型和校正模型進行了處理,插補模型是針對空間數據缺失情況的,而校正模型是針對空間數據不符合精度需要情況的,本文以湖南省農村種植業水災為例,進一步說明如何應用這些模型來進行計算,並對其進行了檢驗Gis can be used in flood risk management system as follows : basic information management, flood risk calculation, flood risk map making, flood risk information query and flood losses evaluation and query
Gis在洪災風險管理系統的開發中的應用主要體現在: l 、基礎信息管理; 2 、洪水風險計算; 3 、洪水風險圖製作; 4 、洪水風險信息查詢; 5 、洪災經濟損失計算與查詢。The whole system is a computer system for flood disaster mitigation decision and flood risk management which includes basic information management, flood risk calculation caused by dike broken, flood risk map making, flood risk information
系統是一個包括基礎信息管理、堤防潰決洪水風險計算、堤防潰決洪水風險圖、堤防潰決洪水風險查詢、堤防潰決洪水災害損失評估、區域防洪減災對策等模塊的為防洪減災輔助決策和洪災風險管理服務的計算機系統。分享友人