法向發射度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [fǎxiàngfāshèdù]
法向發射度
英文
normal emittance-
And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed
研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。Chapter 5. based on the measured refractive index distribution curve, according as the theoretical model of light transmission in the grin medium, using quadrivalent runger - kutta method to carry out the light tracking, by this means the mainly imaging character index of the micro - lens such as foci, longitudinal and transverse spherical aberrations aberration etc is calculated. i
第五章從測量所得折射率分佈曲線出發，根據梯度介質球內光線傳輸的理論模型，用四階runger - kutta方法進行光線追跡，計算了此種梯度球的縱橫向球差等光學特性，給出所製作梯度折射率微球透鏡成像性能的評價。For this, the paper combines some thoughts such as role, agent, and service. it also proposes the developing framework of a role - based collaborative software with the object - oriented model technology and imitatively realizes the interacting and cooperating process of the members in developing activities. firstly, to overcome the difficulty of members ’ fuzzy realism to roles, this paper organizes supplying and requiring servvice set, bridges the reflecting relationship between roles and services and realizes the clear definition and dynamic transformation of roles through modifying service set and service - role registered table
為此本文結合角色、 agent 、服務等思想，利用面向對象建模技術提出一種基於角色的協同軟體開發框架，主要工作有:首先針對成員在開發過程中對角色認識模糊的困難，本文為角色組織了供給和需求兩組服務，建立了角色與服務之間的映射關系，通過修改服務集和服務-角色登記表，實現了角色的清晰定義和動態修改，與傳統方法相比，清晰角色有利於成員明確自身所承擔的職責和擁有的權限;同時為簡易成員查找角色的復雜過程，提出一種靈活的角色查找方法，利用角色匹配矩陣和角色推薦演算法，匹配出符合成員要求的一組近似角色，降低了角色查找的難度。For parameter a, there is a close relationship exist between a ( 9, sr ) in two different radar incident angle that can be expressed as : with considering the effects of soil texture, we get the final expression of the inversion model : where mv ( t1 ), mv ( t2 ) is volumetric soil moisture content in two different temp, c, d is soil type related parameters, and v ( t1 ), s ( t2 ) is coresponding bare soil radar backscattering coefficients. inversion results show that for the c band hh polarized radarsat scansar data with a range of incidence angle from 20 to 40, the soil moisture change value can be derived with an acceptable accuracy using the above model. the temporal and spatial soil moisture change patterns are associated with rainfall and vegetation cover, as well as the soil hydraulic characteristics
利用最新發展的電磁波散射模型研究了不同植被覆蓋地表雷達波對地表土壤水分的敏感性，建立了半經驗植被雷達後向散射模型; 2 ） .研究發現在農作物等矮小植被覆蓋地表，植被層直接後向散射與植被類型相關，且在植被生長期，雷達後向散射系數對植被含水量的敏感性要高於對植被高度變化的敏感性; 3 ） .解決了單參數雷達地表土壤水分反演問題中，雷達入射角和地表粗糙度的影響這一難點問題; 4 ） .利用土壤介電模型校正了不同土壤類型對反演地表土壤體積含水量的影響; 5 ） .在以上成果基礎上，建立了完整的單參數雷達地表土壤水分變化探測反演演算法，經地表驗證，模型反演地表土壤水分變化值的精度為rmse = 0After a careful comparison we found : ( 1 ) rotating the coordinate system around the z - axis for each event is necessary for the relaxation of the correlation between thrust ( or sphericity ) major - minor frame and the direction of the first hard gluon emission. ( 2 ) the horizontal factorial moments ( hfm ) are equivalent to the vertical ones ( vfm ) only after cumulant - variable transformation. therefore, in the study of nonlinear phenomena in high energy collisions the hfm can be used only in combination with the cumulant variables
工jlnfy4ww ； 6標系與發射第一個硬膠子之間的關聯效應，從而觀察到全部強度的動力學起伏；證明了：只有在引入累積變量以後，橫向矩才等於縱向矩，從而也才等效于幾率矩，困而只有在這時，橫向矩才能被使用；論證了：對eb對撞末態粒子系統動力學起伏的研究只能在全相空間進行，而不能用限定的相空間，因而只能採用丟掉最初的一個或幾個點的方法消除動量守恆對相空間標度特性的影響。Determined by dsc. whereafter, the surface micro - morphology of both sides of tini sma thin film deposited on glass was investigated by atomic force microscope ( afm ), and the difference of morphology between the two sides is observed. it has been shown that, in the growing surface of sputtered tini film, the trend of grain to accumulating along the normal direction like a column is clearly observed, and the grain is very loose which resulted in more microcavities, but in the surface facing to glass substrate, grain is so compact that there are hardly microcavities
通過濺射法，在玻璃襯底上淀積了tini薄膜，並在600進行了真空退火， dsc法測得其馬氏體逆相變峰值溫度為75 ，利用原子力顯微鏡，對玻璃基tini形狀記憶合金薄膜的襯底面與生長面進行了表面微觀形貌分析，發現：生長面晶粒呈現出沿薄膜法線方向柱狀堆積的趨勢，晶粒緻密性差，微孔洞多；而襯底面晶粒緻密，幾乎沒有微孔洞存在。It can be used in any complex environment, can locate all paths from transmitter to receiver which avoid redundant calculation, and it is a standard 3 - d forecast model ; in addition, it is a point to point ray tracing method based on specular theory which do n ' t carry out the receive test ; furthermore the model adopt the reverse arithmetic which exert the tree concept in data frame and establish a virtual fountain tree permanently, the proagmme can back - search the virtual fountain tree when it is running. these operation increase the calculate speed and it result in the higher receive efficiency and precision. the thesis design a programme to compare the prediction results based on ray tracing method of virtual fountain tree between the measurement results and prediction results based on the other transmittion models. the comparsion result indicate the new model is a better model
它可應用於任何復雜的傳播環境中，能找到發射機到接收機之間的所有電波傳播路徑而無須冗餘的計算，是一種準三維的預測模型；另外，從本質上講，它仍然是一種基於鏡像理論的點對點的射線跟蹤法，所以它無須進行接收測試；而且由於採用了反向演算法，運用數據結構中多叉樹的概念，先確定需要計算的場點位置，找出所有能從源點到達場點的射線，並且可一次性建立一個虛擬源樹，以後每次的計算只要通過對該樹進行後序遍歷即可，大大提高了運算速度，因而有較高的接收效率與精度。本文對該模型進行了相應的模擬，並將其預測結果與實測結果以及基於cost231經驗性模型和基於強力射線跟蹤確定性模型的預測結果進行了比較，結果表明了該模型的優越性。We give ptr ' s amplitude and phase signal of one dimension based on the theory of ptr, discuss the ptr ' s signal ' s frequency characteristic, and a method for measuring thermal diffusivity of opaque materials is introduced. then, we study on anisotropic materials " thermal conductivity, the temperature field and thermal conductivity tensor of anisotropic materials is theoretically deduced from the theory of ptr, and is proved by the experiment
從光熱輻射理論出發，推導出一維情況下ptr信號的振幅和位相表達式，討論了光熱信號的頻率特性，介紹了一種用ptr技術測量不透明材料熱擴散系數的優化方法；接著研究分析了各向異性介質受調制激光束輻照下產生的光熱信號，在理論上推導出各向異性介質的溫度場以及熱導率張量並給予一定的實驗驗證。Meanwhile, the relatioship between al ' s width of emitter and collector current, which called " extended electrode enhancing current ", has been presented
同時，也給出了大面積鋪鋁的橫向pnp管中發射極電極鋁條寬度與集電極電流的關系，稱之為「電極擴展增強電流法」 。To ensure all segments under construction to approach corresponding construction segmental reasonable states in both configuration and mechanics states and good behavior of structure after completion, escaping from all kinds of accidents in whole process of construction with high efficiency, safety, excellent quality of engineering achieved, the grey prediction model ngm ( 1, 1 ) was proposed to fit prediction of any raw grey series by studying grey causes and whitening results based on the normalized mapping rules ; random perturbation method of genetic algorithms was proposed to raise efficiency of forward rolling optimization ; simultaneous analysis of strength and stability was carried out to ensure safety of strength and stability
摘要為了保證實際施工中結構各節段在構形和受力狀態兩方面逼近施工節段合理狀態，避免事故發生，確保工程高效、安全、優質，基於歸一化映射規則，研究灰因和白果，提出了適應任意灰序列的灰預測模型ngm （ 1 ， 1 ） ；研究遺傳演算法的隨機攝動法，提高向前滾動優化效率；研究強度、穩定性的同步分析技術，保證施工過程強度、穩定性安全。This part emphasizes the synthesis of nanoarrays, aiming at controlling the size and distance of nanocrystallites using calixarene derivatives by altering the size, length and chemical structure of the organic molecules ; 2. this part emphasizes in situ synthesis strategy for fabrication of polymer network of zns based nanopowder, aiming at size controls, coating and preventing agglomeration following " one - pot " synthesis ; this method fits to low cost, large scale production ; 3. according to development in zno nanomaterials, we first report on the synthesis, characterization of amorphous zno, aiming at describing the principles and approaches of synthesis techniques, optical properties, spatial structure and doped effect ; the amorphous zno displays cage - like structure, showing a strong ultraviolet emission while the visible emission is nearly fully quenched, a potential uv - emission material ; 4
本論文以量子結構自組裝為出發點，提出利用杯芳烴及其衍生物的化學受限反應實現尺寸可調半導體納米粒子自組裝；提出有機聚合網路原位組裝zns基納米熒光粉方法，把熒光粉的納米化、包敷、防團聚在「一鍋」反應中完成，適于低成本，批量生產；根據當前zno的研究情況，我們首次合成了非晶zno ，研究了它的光學性質，確定了它的結構，並對其摻雜進行了初步的研究，非晶zno表現出強的深紫外發光特性，而可見發射非常弱，是一種有巨大潛在應用價值的深紫外發光材料；利用非晶zno的亞穩特性，對晶化過程中非晶zno納米晶zno三維受限量子結構特性，界面特性進行了深入的研究；利用固相熱分解一般受擴散控制特性，實現了尺寸可控的zno三維量子結構的自組裝；利用非晶zno的高度分散性，容易均勻成膜特性，實現了非晶籽晶誘導低溫液相外延自組裝生長高取向zno晶體薄膜。The effect of field strength, initial phase, bunch shape and charge on electron beam transverse emittance is also explored by numeric simulation method
利用數值模擬方法研究了加速場強、注入相位、束團大小、形狀、電荷等因素對束流橫向發射度產生的影響。It is demonstrated that the transmission becomes tunable, depending on the thickness and the refraction index of the slabs deeply : as the thickness of lhm slab in the structure becomes wider, the bragg gap shifts toward higher frequency, in sharp contrast to its shift toward lower frequency as a result of widening the thickness of positive - index - material slab
然後利用傳輸矩陣法理論分析了這種結構的傳輸特性，證實了新帶隙的存在，同時發現結構的傳輸特性與結構組成介質的厚度以及折射率密切相關，當正折射物質的厚度增加時，傳統bragg帶隙會沿頻率軸向低頻方向移動，若為左手物質則向高頻方向移動。The main work of the thesis is as follows : we design a novel omni - mirror more applicable in robocup, which is made up of an isomeric horizontal mirror and an isomeric vertical mirror and can make the resolution of the imaging of the objects near the robot on the field constant and make the distortion of the imaging of the objects far from the robot small in vertical direction ; we select a 1394 digital color camera and complete the development of its software program for data acquisition ; we design a image processing algorithm for the panoramic image, which can segment the image by color, extract the features of image fast and effectively and complete the recognization of target ; according the character of the imaging, we design a new fast hough transform algorithm for line detection, which can detect the white mark lines of the field realtimely, and then design a robot ’ s self - localization method based the mark lines, which only uses the information of omni - vision system ; finally we design a monte carlo localization method based on the information of omni - vision system and odometry, and present the localization results of two localization methods and analyze the experiment results and get the conclusions
本論文的主要工作如下:設計了一種新的更適用於機器人足球賽的全向反射鏡面，該鏡面由水平等比鏡面和垂直等比鏡面組合而成，能夠使機器人近處一定范圍內水平場地上的物體成像解析度不變，遠處物體成像高度上變形較小;選擇了一款基於1394介面的數字攝像機，並完成其數據採集程序開發;針對全景圖像設計了圖像處理演算法，能夠快速有效的實現圖像顏色分割和圖像特徵提取，完成目標識別;根據全景圖像的成像特性，設計了一種新的用於直線檢測的快速hough變換演算法，能夠實時的提取出場地的白色標志線，並在此基礎上設計了完全利用全向視覺信息的基於標志線的機器人自定位方法;最後設計了一種基於全向視覺信息和里程計信息的montecarlo定位方法，給出兩種方法的定位結果，並分析實驗結果，給出結論。In succession, tini thin film is deposited on single - crystal silicon substrate using optimized parameters utilizing sputtering, and its transformation temperature ( a * ) is 72 ? indicated by dsc curve after being annealed in an ultra - high vacuum ( uhv ) chamber. in addition, the composition of the silicon - based tini film was analyzed by an energy dispersive x - ray spectroscopy ( eds ), and the ti content in the film is approximately 51at %
按照改進的工藝參數，在單晶硅襯底上濺射-淀積了tini薄膜，並進行了超高真空退火， dsc法測得其馬氏體逆相變峰值溫度為72 ，利用能譜分析（ eds ）技術測得其ti含量約為51at ，通過對非晶tini薄膜與單晶硅襯底之間的界面進行eds及x射線衍射（ xrd ）分析，發現在用大功率（ 2000w ）直流磁控濺射法制備tini薄膜過程中，存在ti 、 ni與si的雙向擴散，發生了界面反應，並有三元化合物ni _ 3ti _ 2si生成。Single - layer model is convenient to apply but the unclear relationship between radiative and aerodynamic temperatures is still a bottleneck in this field. a new method was developed to derive reliable surface heat fluxes from radiative temperature viewed from arbitrary zenith angle. aerodynamic and radiative temperatures are connected through a so - called optimum component fraction ( ocf ) parameter - the fraction of vegetation in the field of view when the two temperatures are equivalent in oblique viewing
該方法利用表面熱輻射方向性和顯熱通量都是源於土壤和植被溫度的貢獻這一共同點，發現在一定傾斜角度的觀測下，視場中植被與土壤的比例可以較好地反映植被和土壤與大氣進行湍流熱交換的貢獻率，所以稱該方法為最佳組分面積比法，用最佳組分面積比可以將任意角度下觀測到的輻射溫度訂正為空氣動力學溫度，經過地面和遙感數據驗證表明，用該方法計算的通量精度高於普通的單層模型。Following are detailed steps of this system : in the segmentation section, we use three successive frames to detect the motion infomation of the pictures, by using blockmatching algorithm in two successive frames twice, we can get two pictures composed of motion blocks of the moving object, then we find out the common motion blocks of the two pictures, experiments prove these blocks approximately compose the moving object. after getting the motion blocks, we calculate the center of these blocks as the center of the moving object, thus we can use the center point as the origin, construct n straight linesjoining the boundry of the image and the center. on each line, we can find out a proper point near the object contour according to some criteria, then we use these n points as the initial points of the snake and let the snake converge on the object contour, thus finish the segmentation of the moving object
本方案的實現過程為：分割部分：對運動目標的前後三幀進行兩次塊匹配運動檢測，通過找出兩個匹配結果中運動圖像塊的公共部分，獲得組成運動目標的圖像塊；求出運動目標圖像塊的形心作為運動目標的中心，以此中心為端點，向四周發散出角度間隔為的n條射線，射線的另一端終止於圖像的邊緣；在每條射線上按照一定的準則（點的梯度和與目標中心的距離在一定閾值范圍內）找出n個初始輪廓點；以這些初始輪廓點作為主動輪廓模型（ snake ）的初始點，用改進的貪婪演算法使snake收斂到待分割的運動目標輪廓上。In the aspect of detection and high precision estimation of seafloor backscattering, algorithms of fast convergence of energy center and correlation of eigen - replica were developed. also studded were processing methods of weighted mean time ( wmt ) and bearing direction indicator ( bdi ) based on fft beam forming as well as high precision detection and estimation of time of arrival ( toa ) and direction of arrival ( doa ) using split beams phase difference detection technique
圍繞海底反向散射信號的高精度檢測和估計技術，開發了快速能量中心收斂演算法和特徵模型相關演算法，研究了基於fft波束形成的加權時間平均與方位指示處理方法，並討論了利用分離波束相位差檢測技術的海底反向散射信號到達時間（ toa ）和到達方向（ doa ）的高精度檢測與估計方法。A review on the recent progress of solid - phase photometry, relating especially to its principle, special features, reseach works and applications, was presented, with 37 references
摘要就固相光度法研究現狀，按透射法和反射法介紹了其本原理和特點，並對近年來的應用和研究進行了回願和評述，對其發展動向作了展望。The main contents are following : ( 1 ) from the methodology of nn, the basic theories on nn are discussed, with the emphasis on the mechanism of nn and its study rules. then the bp nn is concerned, because it is the comparatively most widely used nn type in the field of structure ' s damage identification ; ( 2 ) from the angle of system identification theories, the method and process of establishing the identification system model are demonstrated. also, how to implement a structural damage identification system of concrete architecture, based on bp neural network is demonstrated in the thesis ; ( 3 ) in order to find a more effective training algorithm of global approach, the way of optimizing network ' s weights using ga is demonstrated
論文的主要內容包括： （ 1 ）從神經網路理論出發，探討了神經網路的基本理論，並重點論述了神經網路的工作機制和學習規則，及在結構損傷識別領域中廣泛應用的前向神經網路模型- - - - bp神經網路模型； （ 2 ）從系統識別論的角度，提出了利用神經網路建立混凝土結構損傷識別反問題的思路、方法和步驟，並在此基礎上研究了基於bp神經網路的結構損傷識別系統對單處梁結構進行識別的方法； （ 3 ）為了尋找一種更有效的全局逼近學習演算法，本論文從神經網路與遺傳演算法相結合的角度，闡述了遺傳演算法結合bp演算法優化神經網路權值的方法，實驗證明，遺傳演算法和神經網路相結合不僅具有神經網路泛化的映射能力，而且具有遺傳演算法快速和全局逼近的優點，是一種較好的解決混凝土結構損傷識別問題的方法； （ 4 ）基於java語言設計並實現了結構損傷識別系統。分享友人