法定通過貨 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎdìngtōngguòhuò]
法定通過貨 英文
fiat currency
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 通 : 通量詞（用於動作）
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 貨 : Ⅰ名詞1. （貨幣; 錢） money 2. （貨物; 商品） goods; commodity 3. （指人, 罵人的話） 4. 動詞[書面語] （出賣） sell
  • 法定 : legal; statutory法定安培 legal ampere; 法定貶值 official devaluation; 法定標準 statutory standard...
  • 通過 : 1 （從一端到另一端） pass through; get past; traverse 2 （同意議案） adopt; pass; carry 3 （以人...
  1. Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases

    第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。
  2. One is a general introduction of the contract law and contracts of carriage of gx > ods by water ; the other is a detailed consideration about the general rule ' s influences on the latter specific contracts. in the first part, the author introduces contracts of carriage of goods by water and laws concerning contracts of carriage of goods by water. due to many special rules and easterns existing in the shipping fields, making the difference between various contracts of carriage of goods by water will be helpful to fibber comprehend different circumstances arising in the course of the performance of this kind of contract, and to find the common character and the difference indicated

    本文正文總體分為兩個部分，第一部分系對於水上貨物運輸合同和水上貨物運輸合同法作概括性的介紹，從水上貨物運輸合同的分類入手，通過從不同角度對水上貨物運輸合同作出的不同分類，把不同種類的水上貨物運輸合同所體現出的特性與作為商事合同所體現出的共性相結合，為準確的闡述《合同法》總則這一概括總結性規定對水運合同的影響提供基礎。
  3. What deserve noting is that the application of nn to freight agent operation is a first attempt in this area, and i think this research can be of great help of my future research and practice

    值得一提的是，通過運用神經網路方法來輔助攬貨決策對于該領域是一種新的嘗試，為以後從事該領域的研究及實際工作開辟了思路，奠定了堅實的基礎。
  4. Through incorporating the effect of the brand advertising and the local promoted advertising jointed investment on demand into the perishable product ' s supply chain, the game models linking the brand advertising and the local promoted advertising jointed investment and order policy are established under uncertainty environment, the paper points out the moral hazard in their advertising investment and proposing the method of eliminating incoordination in perishable product ' s supply chain

    摘要通過將品牌廣告和地方促銷廣告聯合投入對需求的影響引入易逝品供應鏈，建立了需求不確定環境下品牌廣告、地方促銷廣告聯合投入和訂貨量博弈的模型，指出易逝品供應鏈中廣告投入存在道德風險問題，並給出了消除易逝品供應鏈中不協調的方法思路。
  5. The 1988 omnibus trade and competitiveness act calls for reporting on " whether countries manipulate the rate of exchange between their currency and the united states dollar for purposes of preventing effective balance of payments adjustment or gaining unfair competitive advantage in international trade. " in submitting today s report, i would like to draw your attention to a special annex in today s report that highlights the complexity of reaching judgments on this issue

    1988年通過的《貿易和競爭力綜合法案》要求就"國家是否為了阻止有效調整國際收支平衡或在國際貿易中謀取不公平的競爭優勢而操縱其貨幣兌美元的匯率"這一問題提出報告。在呈交今日報告之際，我希望提請各位注意今日報告中用於闡釋目的的一份特別附件，該附件強調了就這一問題做出評判的復雜性，表明沒有任何一項或一組指標能夠提供決定性的證據。
  6. Cmi has been endeavoring the international unification of the law relating to carrier ' s liability system arising out of the carriage of goods by sea since 1907. the hague rules which was adopted in 1924 started the beginning of the unification of carrier ' s liability system

    自1907年以來， cmi就一直致力於海上貨物運輸法承運人責任制度的國際統一，並於1924年制定了海牙規則，開創了承運人責任制度統一的先河，隨著1968年修訂海牙規則維斯比議定書的通過，統一的程度有所降低。
  7. In fact, the design of each individual bank s notes has remained very much in the hands of its own very professional and talented designers, subject to the final approval of the financial secretary in accordance with the legal tender notes issue ordinance

    事實上，每家發鈔銀行的鈔票設計主要都是由其本身的專業設計師負責，最後由財政司司長根據法定貨幣紙幣發行條例通過。
  8. In order to pay for their trans - territory transactions, the natural and legal persons within territories of all amco members can directly obtain umems either by way of exchange for them at local banks and / or other financial institutions with domestic currencies at the rate determined by method stipulated in section 3 of article 5 of this treaty or borrowing from these banks and / or other financial institutions at the rate of interest thereof, or by way of exporting, or through any other proper channels

    各成員境內的法人和自然人，為滿足其跨境交易對「有眉目」的需要，可按本條約第五條第三款規定辦法確定的比率用本幣從當地銀行和（或）非銀行金融機構兌取，也可通過申請「有眉目」貸款、出口收入或其他正當渠道直接獲取「有眉目」即「貨幣兌換中介單位」 。
  9. Chapter ii makes analysis on properties of lien on marine goods under article 87 of maritime code, based on examples of legislation on lien in various countries. the author holds that there are two properties of lien : one is lien exercised by the carrier when the freight, contribution in general average and other necessary charges which are the other party ' s obligation to be paid to the carrier are not paid. it is a real right lien, which is a legal real right for security

    第二章通過各國留置權立法例的啟示，分析了我國《海商法》第87條項下的海運貨物留置權的性質，筆者認為其性質分為二部分：承運人為收取運費、共同海損分攤和為貨物墊付的必要費用等屬于對方合同義務的費用而行使的留置權，是一種物權性的留置權，為法定擔保物權；承運人為收取滯期費等屬于對方合同責任的費用而扣留貨物，是一種債權性留置權，為合同的留置權。
  10. The consumption - wealth ratio, the mean growth rate of economic and the portfolio shares were derived by using stochastic optimization method

    通過隨機最優化方法，確定了均衡狀態下的消費財富比，期望經濟增長率以及貨幣資本的份額。
  11. After analyzing the situation and influences of river shipping in jiangsu province, with qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, this paper forecasts the following contents, including the whole cargo transportation lord, the cargo transportation volume, the main bulk cargo volume and the main waterway volume in jiangsu. the final result is the theory basis of jiangsu river shipping strategy research

    本文通過對江蘇省內河航運業發展的實際情況和影響因素分析，運用定性和定量的預測方法，對江蘇省未來內河貨運總量（貨運量、貨運周轉量）發展趨勢以及貨流情況做出預測，為江蘇省內河航運合理定位和發展戰略的制定提供必要的數據和理論依據。
  12. Chapter two ascertains main technological factor of dong gou lock reconstructing, including forecast the cargo and volume through the lock to reason about representative type of vessel designed for through the lock and its operation organize. chapter three design the renovate engineering through ascertaining the main technological factor scale of the lock, dimension, designed water level and altitude, including design of structure of the lock, lock chamber and lock gate, and select the main technological factor and pattern of headstock gear. chapter four draws a comprehensive compare of the two design scheme of the renovate project with engineering project economy evaluation method, and makes out the recommended scheme, and furthermore, to calculate the economic evaluation index of the recommended scheme and makes the economic sensitivity analysis of the scheme and finally demonstrate economic feasibility of the scheme

    本論文共分四章：第一章主要介紹了原東溝船閘的地理位置和營運現狀，說明了船閘在航道建設和水資源綜合利用中的作用及東溝船閘改造的必要性；第二章東溝船閘改造的主要技術因素確定其中包括東溝船閘過閘貨種和貨運量發展的預測，並確定東溝船閘的設計代表船型及營運組織；第三章東溝船閘改造工程設計本章通過船閘改造工程主要技術參數：船閘規模、尺度、設計水位和高程等的確定，設計了二個船閘改造方案，包括鋼筋混凝土整體塢式閘首結構、閘室和閘門的設計，並選定了啟閉機的主要技術參數和型式；第四章採用了工程項目經濟評估方法對東溝船閘改造工程二個設計方案進行全面綜合比較后，確定了推薦方案。
  13. This thesis takes the process of the futures delivery as the object of the research, analyzes and investigates the physical delivery system. firstly the thesis introduces the connotation, status and functions of the futures delivery in the futures market, and then makes a deep research in the futures delivery systems concerned such as the designing of the grade of the listed commodity at par as well as the premium and discount, the selection of the delivery locations and the regulation on the designated delivery warehouses, as well as the management and circulation of the warehouse receipts. on the basis of the above - mentioned analysis, this paper makes some constructive suggestions and recommendations on the improvement and innovation of the futures delivery to be taken by the chinese futures market at the present stage

    本文首先闡明了期貨交割在期貨市場中的經濟內涵、樞紐地位和功能保障作用；然後，從合約設計出發，用均衡原理揭示了期貨交割制度與品種活躍和風險控制的有機關系；進而，對比中外交割制度，通過比較，認清了中外現貨基礎、誠信和法制等環境因素的差距，明白了「拿來」的內容和如何構建中國特色的交割制度；從而，就小麥國家標準的歷史局限性，標準和替代交割品級及其升貼水的設計原則，交割標準把握的出發點和落腳點，交割倉庫設置和管理的目標和狀況，標準倉單沾滯的根源等期貨市場交割制度及相關規定，進行了深入而細致的剖析。
  14. In view of the important role that monetary policy plays in the national macroeconomic regulation, it is quite realistic to study the financial innovation " s influence on the effectiveness of monetary policy. this article, firstly, proposes the concept of financial innovation, and analyses its generation mechanism, then, this article obtains its conclusion with the method of analyzing in great detail how the financial innovation plays its role in the monetary market through its influence on the money supply and demand

    論文首先對本文所要研究的核心概念? ?金融創新的內涵及生成機理進行了深入的剖析，在此基礎上詳細分析了金融創新如何通過影響貨幣供需在貨幣市場上發生作用的過程，得出了本文的結論：金融創新削弱了貨幣政策有效性，但對法定準備金率和貼現率的影響程度大於對公開市場業務的影響，即法定準備金率和貼現率相對于公開市場業務來說更加無效。
  15. Although there are lots of papers and monographs making researches on the relationship between monetary policy and stock market, most of them are qualitative. and some papers appeared evaluating the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through stock market, but few of them adopt the modeling idea of system, thinking in the whole and paying attention to the details

    在有限的實證文獻中運用的實證方法有值得探討的地方，國內的一些研究貨幣政策通過股票市場上傳導方面的定量研究中，採用系統的建模思想，從整體的角度去思考，並且注重細節的論文並不多見。
  16. We believe the chinese central bank will try to hold the renminbi spot rate steady [ through currency intervention ], while making one - off adjustments, ” said mr baig

    貝格先生表示： 「我們認為中國央行在進行一次性調整的同時，將（通過貨幣干預）設法保持人民幣現貨匯率穩定。 」
  17. Based on the analysis of international and domestic steel market, outside environment and inside condition on developing of bulk transportation, it describes the import iron ore transportation system of wu steel systematically along the current main nodes from sources to the plant and relative quay, transfer port, storage system and logistic management system, designs a effectual and economic transporting mode in order to build up the developing direction of changjiang shipping company at the same time the author hopes that by means of theoretical analysis, research and integration on the traditional transportation mode in addition with the changing of outside environment, the conception of system logistic management and the angle of marketing strategy of shanghai company, the supposed transportation mode designed for wu steel in this paper and the relative facilities will reduce the cost of wu steel for import iron ore

    本文以我國國有大型企業?武漢鋼鐵集團公司（以下簡稱『武鋼』 ）的原料運輸供應鏈? ?進口鐵礦石運輸的方式的研究為題，並結合長航集團上海長江輪船公司（以下簡稱『上海公司』 ）的散貨運輸的未來發展戰略目標和總體發展戰略，通過對國際、國內鋼鐵市場及散貨運輸發展的外部環境和內部條件因素的分析，以理論方法為忖托，依據實際狀況，沿著武鋼進口鐵礦石運輸進廠的節點、碼頭與倉儲系統以及物流管理系統對武鋼的進口鐵礦石運輸系統作一個綜合的分析，擬定一種有效的運輸模式，旨在為長航未來發展確定方向。
  18. In the paper, it considers how to determinate the base time, how to choose the weight, how to select a better method to organize the index. then, it analyze the main reason of choosing the method of the effective exchange rate index, one is the weight, the other is the individual exchange rate index, the two are put in different situation then it can be discriminated, then, the index is organized by this way

    在第三章中，首先依據統計指數理論和方法，通過對編制匯率指數的各種方法進行深入具體的比較，剖析了各種方法的理論上的優劣性質和實際操作的可行性，選擇採用加權幾何平均法作為編制人民幣有效匯率指數的基本方法，進一步具體地探討了樣本貨幣的構成、基期的確定、權數的選擇、價格指數的選擇以及相關數據的預處理等問題。
  19. In the paper, the engendering and development, business flow and function of logistics distribution are analyzed, that logistics distribution is important link and assurance of realizing e - commerce are analyzed, the problems existed in e - commerce logistics distribution in china is put forward by the actuality of e - commerce logistics distribution in china, and the above study establish the basement of later study. logistics distribution ' s demand to e - commerce, the feature of e - commerce logistics distribution, the way of reducing cost of e - commerce logistics distribution, actuality of the mode of e - commerce logistics distribution in china are analyzed, and the mode of e - commerce logistics distribution in china is put forward ; by selectively studying the theory and method of logistics distribution and studying the principle and method of dividing the group of places, the model logistics distribution allowing visiting repeated of multiple places is established, the model is used to solve rational distribution sequence to reach lest cost to allowing visiting repeatedly, and an actual example is taken. the model logistics distribution in emergency has been established on the base of studying the necessity of logistics distribution in emergency in logistics distribution center

    本文分析了物流配送的產生和發展、物流配送的業務流程和功能及物流配送是實現電子商務的重要環節和保證，並結合我國電子商務物流配送現狀，指出了我國電子商務物流配送存在的問題，為進一步研究奠定了基礎；分析了電子商務對物流配送的要求、電子商務物流配送的特徵和降低物流配送成本的途徑，並結合我國電子商務物流配送模式實際，提出了我國電子商務物流配送模式構想；通過對電子商務物流配送理論方法選擇研究，在站點群的劃分原則和方法的基礎上，建立了多站點可以重復訪問的物流配送模型，運用該模型，可以求解合理的配送次序，使可以重復訪問時配送費用最少，並列舉了實例；通過研究緊急情況下物流配送的必要性，建立了緊急情況下的物流配送模型，運用該模型，可以解決配送中心在缺貨的情況下，選擇合理的供貨點及運輸方式的問題，使供貨時間最短、供貨費用最少，並列舉了實例、編制了相應的軟體。
  20. In the part of investment and corporate finance theory, through analyzing the theory of time value of money, efficient market theory, capm model, option - pricing model, the concrete theory basis of the application of appraisal method

    在投資與財務理論部分，通過對貨幣時間價值理論、市場有效理論、資本資產定價理論、期權定價理論的介紹闡明了高新技術企業價值評估方法運用的具體理論基礎。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書