In this paper, the comparison of spermatogenesis and spermatozoal ultrastructures of four species of decapoda were investigated by electron microscopy ( tem ). we had tried to find structural variaton between the four species during their spermatogenesis. from this comparison study, we can pursue the evolution route of the four decapods
本論文採用透射電鏡技術比較研究十足目（ decapoda ）物種浙江華
溪蟹（ sinopotamonchekiangense ） 、三疣梭子
蟹（ portunus ， trituberculatus ） 、脊尾白蝦（ exopalarmoncarinicandaholthuis ）及羅氏沼蝦（ macrobrachiumrosenbergii ）的精子發生和精子結構。
At different dosages of pb2 +, there was dosage domino effect for the est isoenzyme of one tissue
同時還分析了鉛對長江華
溪蟹酯酶同工酶的影響的可能機理。
Every evening as the egrets return to their nests, the night herons start looking for food, and fiddler crabs and mudskippers show themselves on the soft mudflats. as the glow of the sunset envelopes the chiku creek, the curtain is just rising on the stage of life
每到傍晚白鷺鷥歸巢，夜鷺開始覓食，招潮
蟹與彈塗魚也在柔軟的泥灘上現身，日落餘暉中的七股
溪，大自然的生命舞臺才要揭幕呢！
After their initial surprise at the unlikely discovery of about 550 potamon fluviatile scuttling around the centre of the italian capital, they also found that the crabs so enjoy their urban environment that they are growing larger than they would in their natural habitats in sicily and tuscany
對于約有550隻
溪蟹在義大利首都內四處爬行這個極不可能的發現，動物學家一開始是感到驚訝，他們並發現這些
溪蟹享受都市環境，長得比在原棲息地西西里及托斯卡尼都要大。
The phylogenetic relationship of the mitten crab and other grapsoid crabs suggested that eriocheir is monophyletic, and the estimated divergence time of the mitten crabs with its marine varunid ancestor is about 8. 9 ~ 10. 9 mya
淡水
蟹類的系統發生研究顯示，華
溪蟹屬與仿
溪蟹屬起源於一個共同的海生
蟹類祖先，二者之間的歧異時間在36 44mya 。
From this result it can be concluded that the est isoenzyme was very sensitivity for the toxication of hg24 and can be used as a bioindicator of the environmental pollution. the same experiment had been done twice in 2003. scetion : from october in 2002 to october in 2003, by using random amplified polymorphic dna ( rapd ), the effects on ovary ' s dna under different concentration of mercury in freshwater crab ( sinopotamon yangtsekiense ) were detected for the first time
汞對長江華
溪蟹卵巢總dna的影響汞對長江華
溪蟹（ sinopot胭onyangtsekiense ）細胞及分子水平的影響以體外暴露的方法，對經汞體外暴露一周長江華
溪蟹的卵巢總dna ，採用隨機引物擴增多態性dna （ rapd ）技術對13條隨機引物的擴增圖譜用nei共享度公式進行分析。
In this experiment, by methods of transmission electron microscopy, effects of low dosage of cd2 + ( 1. 87mg / l ) on the ultrastructure of muscular cells in male crabs at the different times were studied from september to november in 2001. in the experiment, male crabs were bought from aquatic product market in taiyuan and raised in laboratory for more a weed before treatment
體外暴露鎘對長江華
溪蟹肌肉組織細胞超微結構的影響應用透射電鏡技術，於2001年9 10月，研究了鎘處理后5d 、 15d 、 30d時對長江華
溪蟹（ sinopotamonyangtsekiense ）肌肉細胞超微結構的影響。
Mitochondria and ribosomes are hard to see, and the ribosome are found to adhere on the surface of endoplasmic reticulum ; golgi body and lysosome do not exist, membranous ring emerges at the secondary spermatocyte stage. the organelles change into pre - acrosome vesicles at middle spermatid stage, and finally pre - acrosome forms acrosome. 2
浙江華
溪蟹在生精細胞階段，染色質形態相似，呈不同程度凝集狀，核仁在精原細胞期出現;精細胞階段，染色質分化成纖絲狀和緻密塊狀，部分核質延伸入輻射臂內，整個核呈淺杯狀。
Based on the lexicological biochemistry and ultrastructure, effects of heavy mental on 5. yangtsekiense had been studied in this paper by means of transmission electronmicroscope ( tem ) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( page )
本實驗採用了透射電子顯微鏡和聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳等方法，從超微結構和毒理生化兩個方面研究了重金屬鎘、鉛對長江華
溪蟹主要組織器官的影響。
The phylogenetic analysis of these two nonmarine crabs together with intertidal, supratidal and swimming crabs based on portions of mitochondrial 16s rdna sequences suggested that grapsioidea, ocypodoidea, potamoidea and portunoidea arose from a common marine ancestor, and the estimated divergence time are similar. the freshwater crab phylogeny suggested that the genus sinopotamon and the genus potamonautes arose from a common ancestor and the estimated divergence time is about 36 - 44 mya
基於線粒體16srdna部分序列，對這2個類型的非海洋
蟹類與潮間帶
蟹類、海洋
蟹類之間的系統發生分析提示，方
蟹總科（ grapsioidea ） 、沙
蟹總科（ ocypodioidea ） 、
溪蟹總科（ potamoidea ）和梭子
蟹總科（ portunoidea ）的
蟹類起源於一個共同的海洋
蟹類祖先，它們彼此之間的歧異時間基本一致。
Based on the level of cell and molecule, effects of mercury on organs of s. yangtsekiense had been studied in this paper
本實驗在細胞和分子水平上，採用體外暴露的方式，研究了汞對長江華
溪蟹主要組織器官的影響。
The freshwater crab is widely distributed in chinese freshwater area, while the sinopotamon yangtsekiensei is a kind of representative one of the freshwater crab
溪蟹廣泛分佈在我國的淡水水域中，而長江華
溪蟹（ sinopotamonyangtsekiense ）是此類動物中的代表動物。
Isozyme patterns of the gill is difference from the hepatopancreas, they had two steady identical basic isozyme bands at 0. 34 and 0. 76 of rf value, but the activation is changed
結果表明，銅、鎘聯合作用對長江華
溪蟹酯酶同工酶的活性既有激活作用又有抑制作用，存在組織差異性並且存在劑量?效應關系。
The results showed that the effects of pb + on esterase isoenzyme activity are not only the activation but the inhibity as well. there were different effects of pb2 + on est isoenzyme of the major tissues
結果表明：鉛對長江華
溪蟹酯酶同工酶的活性影響既有激活作用又有抑制作用，並存在組織差異性和劑量效應。
Section : laboratory experiment was carried out to determine mercury accumulation in four organs that were gills, heart, hepatopancreas and gonad of freshwater crab sinopotamon yangtsekiense by using atomic absorption method
汞在長江華
溪蟹四種器官的積累以體外暴露的方式，採用還原氣化原子吸收的方法，測定了長江華
溪蟹鰓、心臟、肝胰腺和性腺中汞的積累情況。
55mg / l [ hg2 ] ) for 48 days, the changes of hg2 + on ultrastructure of the myocardial cells of the freshwater crab sinopotamon yangtsekiense ( ) at three different times was studied. sixty freshwater crabs ( ) were divided into two groups : control ( n = 30 ) and test ( n = 30 ) groups
汞對長江華
溪蟹心肌細胞超微結構的影響應用透射電鏡的方法，研究了汞在12天、 28天及48天內對長江華
溪蟹心肌細胞超微結構的影響。
Section 1 : after an experimental exposure to low dosage of cd2 + ( 1. 87mg / lcd2 + concentration ) for 30 days, the changes of cd2 + on ultrastructure of the hepatopancreas cells of the male freshwater crab s. yangtsekiense at three different times was studied by using transmission electro - microscopy ( tem )
鎘對長江華
溪蟹肝胰腺細胞超微結構的影響應用透射電鏡技術（ tem ） ，觀察了低濃度鎘（ 1 . 87mg l [ cd ~ （ 2 + ） ] ）在不同時間段對長江華
溪蟹肝胰腺細胞超微結構的影響。
In addition, the myofibrils were found broken in myocardial cells suggested that the structure of actin could be damaged by cadmium. section 3 : this paper dealed with the effects at different dosages of pb2 + on the esterase isoenzyme ( est ) of the gill, hepatopancreas and ovary by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( page )
鉛對長江華
溪蟹酯酶同工酶的影響採用聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳方法，研究了不同濃度的鉛對長江華
溪蟹的鰓、肝胰腺、卵巢3種組織酯酶同工酶（ est ）的影響。
Section : this paper dealed with the effects at different concentrations of hg2 + on the esterase isoenzyme ( est ) of the gill, heart, hepatopancreas and gonad in freshwater crab sinopotamon yangtsekiense by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( page ). the crabs were exposed one week. the concentrations of mercury were omg / l, 0. 0547 mg / l, 0. 1727 mg / l, 0. 5457 mg / l and 1. 7244mg / l
汞對長江華
溪蟹四種器官酯酶同工酶的影響採用聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳的方法，以體外暴露的方式，測定了長江華
溪蟹鰓、心臟、肝胰腺、性腺四種器官酯酶同工酶的變化。
The result showed that muscle cells is damaged by exposure in low dosage of cd2 +. so cadmiun is a very important poison substance in the environment. section two : effects of lead on ultrastructure of myocardial cell in freshwater crab sinpotamon yangtsekiense from may to june in 2002, the effect of pb2 + on ultrastructure of myocardial cells of sinopotamon yangtsekiense was studied by using transmission electron microscopy ( tem )
體外暴露鉛對長江華溪蟹心肌細胞超微結構的影響於2002年5 6月，採用體外暴露鉛的方法處理長江華溪蟹（ sinopotamonyangtsekiense ） ，應用透射電鏡技術（ tem ） ，觀察了鉛對心肌細胞超微結構的影響。
