They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem
本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型
巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外
巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式
巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出
巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型
巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為
巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。
So these karst series problems are lowness ability of making soils, distributing odds of surface water and groundwater, leakiness of fountain, alkalescence of circumstance, lowness of bio - diversity, rapidness converse succession of vegetation and fragility of soil character and entironment. and karst region produces many problems, e. g. rock desert, soil erosion and degeneration because of artificial influence and destruction
巖溶空間介質具有地上地下雙層結構，可
溶巖造壤能力低，
巖溶水空間分佈不均、地表地下水關系密切、水源易漏失，偏堿性環境、生物資源集聚程度低，植被逆向演替快、順向演替難，
巖溶地質與生態環境十分脆弱，受到人為因素的影響和破壞，極易產生石漠化、土壤侵蝕與退化等一系列問題。
The mineralization temperature is in a range of 90 ~ 300, and the mineralization fluid is a combination of slightly acidic - slightly alkalic precipitations, seawater and magmatic water
其成礦溫度在90 ~ 300之間，成礦流體為低鹽度的弱酸性弱堿性大氣降水、海水和
巖漿水的混合
溶液。
It only took 38 months from construction preparation at the end of october, 2001 to the first unit operating on december 20, 2004, which antedated the construction time limit by 7 months
樂灘電站從2001年10月底開始施工準備到2004年12月20日首臺機組投產發電，僅用38個月的時間，比合理工期提前了7個月，並在此期間，搶回因廠壩部份地基
巖溶地質問題延誤的5個月工期。
The first power station of jinping mountain lies in the west section of the yanglongjiang river from santan to shoupagou gully, with a double - curved arch dam of 305 - meter height and a normal water storage of 1880metres. the exposed strata of the damsite are marbles and arenaceous rocks of triassic and solution fissures have been developed in the marbles of the left - bank ' s dam abutment, and they have become a stratum of strong leakage. as a result, it has been an important problem for the dam foundation to stop leakage
錦屏一級電站位於西雅礱江的三灘至手爬溝河段，壩型為305米高雙曲拱壩，正常蓄水位標高1880米。壩址區出露的地層為三疊系雜谷腦組二段大理
巖和三疊系雜谷腦組三段的砂板
巖。在勘探過程中，發現左岸壩肩大理
巖體中的構造裂隙和
溶蝕裂隙發育，且成為強滲透地層，為此壩基的防滲成為重要問題。
Realm. e. feldspar s application : manufacturing potassium fertilizer, manufacturing porcelain and enamel ware, glass raw material, wheting the grain etc. f. the barite primarily used for the artesian wells of petroleum and natural gas
麥飯石原
巖本身多半由鉀長石斜長石石英等礦物組成，含有銅鋅鋁錳鐵鈦磷等微量元素，且又具有良好的
溶出性和吸附性。
Firey red lava streamed down the side and into the water.
火紅的
溶巖順山坡流入水中。
Pyroclastic rocks are a kind of transitional and complex rocks between lavas and sedimentary rocks
摘要火山碎屑
巖是介於
溶巖和沈積
巖之間的過渡類型
巖石，
巖類復雜。
Water invasion bursten out during the railway - tunnel construction is usually the mainly problem in constructing or operating, also which brings surface water to exhaustion and pollutes environment or effects ecology, etc. the geleshan tunnel which crosses through guan - yin gorge anticline which trend is near south north, is located between tuanjie village and jingkou village of the shapingba zone, chongqing city, which is belongs to the inducting segment of yu - huai railway. the guan - yin gorge anticline appears to ridge and slot interlacing in land form, and is composed of clastic rock and carbonate rock from jurassic xintiangou group to triassic
歌樂山隧道位於渝懷線引入段重慶市沙坪壩區團結村至井口村之間，隧道穿越近南北向的觀音峽背斜，地貌上表現為脊、槽相間，觀音峽背斜由侏羅系新田溝組至三疊系下統碎屑
巖和碳酸鹽
巖組成，歌樂山頂大部分出露可
溶巖地層，地表
巖溶發育，有大量泉水和暗河出口，並修建有多個中小型水庫、大量池塘和水井。
Rhodochrosite is also credited with improving eyesight, enhancing memory, and improving the eyesight. obsidian is a semi translucent to opaque natural glass formed by volcanic activity
黑曜石obsidian屬於火成
巖的一種，黑曜石是火山
溶巖迅速冷卻后形成的一種天然玻璃，屬于非純晶質的水晶寶石。
The stone moon, a 32. 7 by 60 meter hole, is the mythological origin of the lisu ethnic and a geographic wonder created the india - eurasia collision
這個大理石
溶巖形成的寬32 . 7米高60米的孔洞，是傳說中傈僳族起源的地方。石月亮所在的月亮山是印度版塊撞向歐亞版塊形成的地質奇觀。
The results shows that the community richness, species diversity indices and evenness of tree layer and shrub layer share the same order, of which is higher in pure limestone region than that of in pure dolomite region, but it reverse in herb layer ; the coefficient of similarity is considerably low between all plots, while species turnover rate is quite high among the plots and is higher in dolomite region than that of in limestone ; in different karst regions, karst processing leads to niches diversity characterized by special morphologies and special element geochamical features, and therefore affect the dynamic and features of plant communities
我們在最有代表性之一的貴州茂蘭喀斯特森林保護區選取純灰
巖和純白雲
巖兩種
巖性的喀斯特環境，對其元素地球化學特徵及其中原生性植物群落的相異性和物種多樣性進行了對比，結果發現：不同
巖性區域多樣性：喬木層和灌木層為純灰
巖區純白雲
巖區，草本層為純白雲
巖區純灰
巖區，總體上純灰
巖區的高於純白雲
巖區的；各樣地間的相似性系數都很低，相同
巖性類型內的明顯高於不同
巖性類型之間的相似度；物種周轉率高，且白雲
巖區高於石灰
巖區，種類組成差異明顯；喀斯特區可
溶巖地球化學背景通過喀斯特作用導致特殊的地形條件與元素地球化學特徵，並引起局部小生境的分異從而影響植物群落特徵。
Abstract : according to observation and study, the paleokarstifications of ordovician could be classified into 6 periods, i. e. depositional karstification, weathering curst karstification, burial karstification, semi - burial structural karstification, second burial karstification stage, its karstic types have mainly deposition karst, emergence karst, burial karst, wqueezing - water and structural karst or hot - water karst, and its karst - rocks can be distributed to two kinds of types, i. e. karst - sedimentary rock and karst - regenerated rock, and further to 8 subcategories and 5 sub - sub - categories in the north of anhui, china
文摘:研究表明，皖北奧陶系古
巖溶可劃分為沉積
巖溶作用期、風化殼
巖溶作用期、埋藏
巖溶作用期、構造
巖溶作用期和二次埋藏
巖溶作用期；其
巖溶類型主要有沉積
巖溶、風化殼
巖溶、埋藏
巖溶或壓釋水
巖溶和構造
巖溶或熱水
巖溶四種類型；其
巖溶巖包括
巖溶沉積
巖和
巖溶改造
巖兩個大類，並可進一步劃分出8個亞類和5個子亞類。
According to observation and study, the paleokarstifications of ordovician could be classified into 6 periods, i. e. depositional karstification, weathering curst karstification, burial karstification, semi - burial structural karstification, second burial karstification stage, its karstic types have mainly deposition karst, emergence karst, burial karst, wqueezing - water and structural karst or hot - water karst, and its karst - rocks can be distributed to two kinds of types, i. e. karst - sedimentary rock and karst - regenerated rock, and further to 8 subcategories and 5 sub - sub - categories in the north of anhui, china
研究表明，皖北奧陶系古
巖溶可劃分為沉積
巖溶作用期、風化殼
巖溶作用期、埋藏
巖溶作用期、構造
巖溶作用期和二次埋藏
巖溶作用期；其
巖溶類型主要有沉積
巖溶、風化殼
巖溶、埋藏
巖溶或壓釋水
巖溶和構造
巖溶或熱水
巖溶四種類型；其
巖溶巖包括
巖溶沉積
巖和
巖溶改造
巖兩個大類，並可進一步劃分出8個亞類和5個子亞類。
Carbonate rock is widely distributed in china both in depth and in area. a large number of tunnels are excavated and built in it. carbonate rock is distinguished from the other fracture rock in that most of it has bored hydro - chemical and hydraulic erosion in groundwater environment
我國境內碳酸
巖層分佈縱深橫廣，大量的隧道及地下工程修建於可
溶巖中，而可
溶巖和一般
巖體的本質區別在於其受過地下水物理、化學環境的改造。
Why is it that every video game has lava in it
為什麼每個游戲里都有
溶巖、火山什麼的？
They are doing some research on the interaction between seawater and lava
（他們正對海水與
溶巖的相互作用進行研究。 ）
Large benthic aquatic animals in caves along the shouchang river and its adjacent areas
壽昌江流域及鄰近山區
溶巖洞穴大型水生底棲動物
Because of its characteristics of large area, high rock posts, beautiful peak shapes and closeness of various scenes, yunnan s stone forest takes the lead in the world s lava topographic landscape
在世界溶巖地貌風光中。中國雲南石林又以其面積廣，巖柱高，小尺度造型見長，一定范圍內景點集中而獨占鰲頭。
