無層土 的英文怎麼說

After analyzing purple soil sampled from neijiang, leshan ofsichuan provinec and yuanmou of yunnan province, the contrast results of microbe quantity feature between surface and subsurface purple soil were obtained as follows. the content of soil organic matter, total and available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium of surface was higher than subsurface, not relating to the type of purple soil and soil utilization way. the quantity of microbe _ bacteria, actinomyces and mould in surface purple soil was higher than subsurface, which indicated that the organic matter and airy condition in surface soil was more suitable for microbes growing. there was the same tendency in profile change of microbe quantity in purple soil located in temperate _ humid climate of sichuan basin in contrast with dry _ hot climate of yuanmou, yunnan. the nutrient situation of purple soil in sichuan basin shown that state of surface was better than subsurface, while in yuanmou of yunnan the state was on the contrary due to the degradation of surface soil

實驗室對四川內江、樂山和雲南元謀不同類型紫色土表層和亞表層微生物數量特性的比較分析表明：土壤有機質、氮磷鉀全量及其速效量均表現為表層高於亞表層，與紫色土類型和利用方式無關；三大類土壤微生物細菌、放線菌和黴菌數量均表現出表層高於亞表層，表明紫色土表層的有機質和通氣性優于亞表層，適宜於這三大類微生物生長；溫濕氣候條件下的四川盆地和乾熱氣候條件下的雲南元謀其紫色土微生物數量的剖面變化具有相同的趨勢，唯土壤營養狀況在四川盆地紫色土中表現為表層優于亞表層，而在雲南元謀紫色土中由於表層土壤的退化作用表現為亞表層優于表層的相反情況。

The various colours significant of various degrees of vitality white, yellow, crimson, vermilion, cinnabar : their degrees of brilliancy : their magnitudes revealed up to and including the 7th : their positions : the waggoner s star : walsingham way : the chariot of david : the annular cinctures of saturn : the condensation of spiral nebulae into suns : the interdependent gyrations of double suns : the independent synchronous discoveries of galileo, simon marius, piazzi, le verrier, herschel, galle : the systematisations attempted by bode and kepler of cubes of distances and squares of times of revolution : the almost infinite compressibility of hirsute comets and their vast elliptical egressive and reentrant orbits from perihelion to aphelion : the sidereal origin of meteoric stones : the libyan floods on mars about the period of the birth of the younger astroscopist : the annual recurrence of meteoric showers about the period of the feast of s. lawrence martyr, 10 august : the monthly recurrence known as the new moon with the old moon in her arms : the posited influence of celestial on human bodies : the appearance of a star 1st magnitude of exceeding brilliancy dominating by night and day a new luminous sun generated by the collision and amalgamation in incandescence of two nonluminous exsuns about the period of the birth of william shakespeare over delta in the recumbent neversetting constellation of cassiopeia and of a star 2nd magnitude of similar origin but lesser brilliancy which had appeared in and disappeared from the constellation of the corona septentrionalis about the period of the birth of leopold bloom and of other stars of presumably similar origin which had effectively or presumably appeared in and disappeared from the constellation of andromeda about the period of the birth of stephen dedalus, and in and from the constellation of auriga some years after the birth and death of rudolph bloom, junior, and in and from other constellations some years before or after the birth or death of other persons : the attendant phenomena of eclipses, solar and lunar, from immersion to emersion, abatement of wind, transit of shadow, taciturnity of winged creatures, emergence of nocturnal or crepuscular animals, persistence of infernal light, obscurity of terrestrial waters, pallor of human beings

顯示出不同程度之生命力的繽紛色彩白淺黃深紅朱紅銀朱諸星之亮度一直包括到七等星以等級標志的諸星之大小諸星的位置御夫座沃爾辛厄姆路172大衛的戰車173土星光環螺旋星雲凝固后形成有衛星的恆星群兩重大陽相互依存的旋轉運動伽利略西蒙馬里烏斯174皮亞175勒威耶赫歇耳加勒176等人各自獨立地同時所做的發現波得和開普勒所嘗試的距離的立方與回轉次數的平方的體系化177多毛的眾彗星178那幾殆無限的被壓縮性，以及自近日點至遠日點那廣漠的遠心的重返大氣層的橢圓軌道隕石的恆星之起源年紀較輕的天體觀測者誕生的那個時期火星上所出現的「暗波」現象179每年在聖勞倫斯節殉教者，八月十日前後降落的隕石雨每月都發生的所謂「新月抱舊月」現象180關于天體對人體的影響的假定威廉莎士比亞出生的時期，在斜倚卻永不沒落的仙后座那三角形上端，一顆不分晝夜散發著極亮光彩的星辰一等星出現了181這是兩個無光死滅了的太陽因相撞並汞合為白熱體而形成的燦爛的新太陽大約在利奧波德布盧姆出生時，出現在七星花冠星座里而後又消失了的一顆同一起源亮度卻稍遜的星宿二等星182還有約於斯蒂芬迪達勒斯出生時，出現在仙女座中之後又消失，小魯道爾夫布盧姆出生與夭折數年後出現于御夫座后又消失，以及另外一些人出生或去世前前後後出現在許許多多其他星座中而又消失了的假定是同一起源的實際存在或假定存在的星斗183 。

To improve the binding strength between the deck slabs and deck surfacing layer of badong changjiang river highway bridge and to provide the surfacing layer with anti - cracking ductility, a series of technical measures has been taken in the construction of the deck surfacing of the bridge, including those of embedding binding reinforcement in the deck slabs, spraying inorganic binding agent between the slabs and layer, replacing part of the cement with micro expansion agent and adding appropriate amount of polypropylene fibers to the concrete

摘要巴東長江公路大橋橋面鋪裝，通過採取預埋橋面粘接鋼筋、噴塗無機界面粘結劑、用微膨脹劑替代部分水泥、在混凝土中摻入適量的聚丙烯纖維等措施來提高橋面板與鋪裝層間的界面粘結強度和給橋面抗裂增韌。

In recent years, the water - saving and control irrigation technique of rice has diverted from plot experimental and demonstration to lare scale. and has got remarkable economic and social benefits. amed at the characteristics of this irrigation area, optimal selection for water - saving techniques of rice, deciding the amout of leaching water and irrigation modles, investigating the adaptability of the water - saving and control irrigation technique in saline land. studying the increase in production mechanism of the technique are important to extend the technique, to better and develop saline land as well as slick spots. according to the results of field experiments, optimization study was conducted on the water - saving irrigation technique of rice in saline land, the effects of different water - saving irrigation techniques on the physiological indexes and yield of rice were systematically analyzed. by using mutiplepurpose fuzzy optimization method, better. water - saving irrigation technique was selector out, that is. the control irrigation technique in rice. the mechanism of it was analyzed from the aspect of the physiological and ecological saving water of rice to provide the implemental process and technical point ; throgh the quantitive analysis and comparision on control irrigation and control class ( flood irrigation ), high production and quality mechanism of the technique was analyzed in terms of physiology indexes of rice, the variation of soil moisture, the pest resistance and the lodge resistance, the change of soil temperature in paddy fields. the yield constitutive factors, the quality of rice and so on. in saline land. control irrigation and intermittent leaching modles were adopted to validate the adaptability of the technique in irrigation of rice in saline land, to analyze rice ' s physiological - ecological indexes and the change of soil salt content under the conditions of control irrigation leaching of rice and and to provide control irrigation and combined modle of intermittent leaching to adapt to different conditions

本文從試驗及試驗資料入手，取得以下主要成果和結論：對鹽堿地水稻節水灌溉技術進行優化研究，系統地分析了不同節水灌溉技術對水稻生理指標及產量的影響，採用了多目標模糊優化的方法，對灌水技術進行綜合評判，優選了節水灌溉技術，論證該地區宜採用水稻控制灌溉技術；闡述控灌技術通過調節和控制水稻的需水規律，降低水稻高產情況下的無效水量消耗，從水稻生理、生態節水兩方面分析了控灌技術節水機理，針對性地總結出水稻各生育期實施節水控灌技術的步驟及技術要點；通過控灌與淹灌的定量對照比較，從根系、莖蘗、冠層葉片及綠葉動態到株高，土壤水分變化，抗病蟲害、抗倒伏能力，稻田土溫變化，產量構成因素及稻米品質等諸多方面進行動態比較，分析控灌技術高產優質機理；在鹽堿稻地採用控制灌溉+間歇淋洗模式，跟蹤測試田間水鹽變化狀況，驗證控制灌溉技術在鹽堿地區水稻灌溉中應用的適應性，通過分析水稻控制灌溉淋洗條件下水稻生理生態指標，提出優化控制灌溉+間歇淋洗組合模式，為進一步在高礦化度地區試驗水稻控灌技術奠定基礎。

Caco3 not only affects soil physical and chemical characteristics but also causes co2 change in the air, because caco3 is main components among the total pool of inorganic carbon of soil. this paper systematically summarized and analyzed general development characteristics of soil profile caco3 in loess hill gully area including source, content, forming - condition, distribution and illuviation - depth of caco3, which will have the most important significance for the further studies on global soil and climate change

碳酸鈣在土壤剖面中淀積的深度和類型是黃土高原土壤發育的重要標志，鈣積層是黃土高原土壤發育環境的歷史信息庫，同時土壤碳酸鈣作為土壤無機碳庫重要組成，它通過溶蝕后再結晶與大氣co _ 2之間進行物質交流來影響全球氣候變化。

The humankind is troubled seriously by a series of environmental problems, such as air pollution, ozonosphere destruction, glasshouse effect, acid rain, water pollution, land pollution and soil erosion and so on. all of these will stop our economy developing

大氣污染、臭氧層破壞、溫室效應、酸雨頻繁、水污染、土地污染、水土流失、草原退化、森林急劇減少、珍稀動植物滅絕、沙漠急劇擴大等一系列環境問題嚴重困擾著人類，各種公害接二連三地侵襲人類，再這樣下去，經濟將變成無源之水、無本之木。

The waxd spectra of pcn suggested that silicate layer induced crystallization process of 8 crystal form of pp, and decreased the sizes of a crystal form, thus the mechanic properties of pcn were enhanced

廣角xrd的數據顯示，納米無機片層可誘發pp -晶型的生成，並且有隨蒙脫土含量增大而增加的趨勢。

Prepar1ng po1 ypropy1ene / montmori l lon 1 te nanocomposi tes ( pcn ). ma1 ei c anhydride ( mah ) / styrene ( st ) was app1 ied to graft wi th pp and montfnori 1lo - nite was interca1ated by ppalg - - mah / st in the same t1me. effects of intercalat ion agent htab on the basal spaci ng ( d., . )

首先考察了插層劑對蒙脫土片層間距的影響，小角x -衍射表明在插層劑十六烷基三甲基溴化銨（ htab ）的作用下，無機土片層間距最大可被撐至4 . 0nm ，並且d _ （ 001 ）值與插層劑的濃度大小有密切的關系。

Compared with the mud on wall form hole technology, clash stake technology or vibration sink pipe technology used in complex foundation stake forming, it has advantages of no vibration, no pollution, and no noise. in addition, since the concrete pressed into the drill stem sent vibration free concrete to the pump, so it is eas y to ensure the quality of the stake body. compared with the mud on wall and dry work form hole technology, the side obstruction and end obstruction of screw drill press concrete stake have all been accordingly improved, the weight bearing is better, and the transmutation of the complex foundation is less

其中，螺旋鉆孔壓灌混凝土成樁技術自研製以來，已在多項復合地基工程中進行了應用，較好地解決了軟弱地層成孔困難的問題，適應地質條件范圍廣，成樁速度較快，工期短、工效高；與復合地基成樁時的泥漿護壁成孔工藝、振沖樁工藝或振動沉管工藝施工比較，具有無振動、無污染、無噪音的優點；另外，壓入鉆桿內的混凝土為泵送免振混凝土，因此樁體質量易於保證；與泥漿護壁和干作業成孔工藝相比，螺旋鉆孔壓灌混凝土成樁的側阻和端阻都有相應的提高，樁的承載性能較好，復合地基的變形較小。

Standard test method for measuring moisture vapor emission rate of concrete subfloor using anhydrous calcium chloride

用無水氯化鈣測量混凝土底層地板濕氣發散率的標準試驗方法

We can say that it can develop the usage of soil nailing wall fill the rank of piles disadvantage a bright future of developing and using. the development, application, advantage and disadvantage about the " prestress anchor ribbed beam support system " is introduced in chapter 1 : it " s supporting mechanism and structural feature is introduced and compared with the soil nailing walls and un - embedded rank of piles in chapter 2 ; design and computer steps and more details about the design methods of the support system are introduced in chapter 3 ; the two important parts named draperies and anchors are introduced on their construction technology in chapter 4 ; three foundation trenches " instances with different depth in different soil are showed in the last chapter 5

本文在第一章概論部分介紹了「預應力錨桿肋梁支護結構」的發展、應用和優缺點；第二章分析其支護機理、結構特點，並與土釘墻和無嵌入排樁多錨支護進行了結構受力對比分析；第三章介紹該支護結構的設計計算方法步驟，詳細介紹了支護結構各部分的設計方法；第四章介紹預應力錨桿肋梁支護系統最重要的兩個部分：帷幕和錨桿的施工技術；第五章介紹了不同土層不同深度的有代表性的三個基坑工程實例。

Of montmori l 1oni te were invest igated first1y. x - - ray di ffract ion ( xrd ) resu1ts suggested that the spaces of si1icate 1ayers increased from 1. 5nm to about 4nm

根據小角x -衍射結果，來計算分析有機土中htab分子的排列方式，提出了htab在無機土片層雙層斜立排列的模型。

Since cotton is a tap rooted plant and dependent on sub - soil k, especially in mid - season, k supplies had become inadequate regardless of surface soil k levels

因棉花為直根作物並依賴底土鉀，尤其是生育中期，無論表層土壤鉀水平如何，供鉀也會變得不足。

The main result is as follows : 1. after erosion, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and the available nitrogen in the sediment is more than that of soil sample. namely the enrichment phenomenon of organic matter, total nitrogen and the available nitrogen in slope cultivated land erosion soil is obvious

黃?土受侵蝕后，泥沙樣中有機質、全氮和堿解氮的含量都高於雨前採集的坡地表層土樣，即黃?土坡耕地水土流失中有機質、全氮和堿解氮流失的「富集」現象明顯，而全磷和速效磷卻無明顯的「富集」現象。

Third according to the practice, over 300 g / m2 of the staple nonwoven geotechnical fabric is used in the bank project of the large rivers, its tensile strength is 600 n / 5cm. forth the filtration under the traffic load, normally, the traffic load is repeated load and fast movement. in this case, thick filtration is applied, such as sand and / or thick fabric, of which weight is over 700 g / m2

研究結果表明：對d _ （ 85 ） 0 . 074mm的土料，不宜採用土工織物作濾層；對級配極不均勻的土壤（不均勻系數cu 2或cu 6 ） ，在滲流作用下，很容易發生管涌，對土工織物的選用要慎重；一般大江大河的護坡工程至少應採用300g m ~ 2以上的短纖無紡土工布，其抗拉強度為600n 5cm左右。

4. soil n2o discharge flux responsible for the different treatments were affected by the different soil factors in the winter wheat growing stages. under no planting conditions, the moisture regime in the 0 to 5cm soil layer mostly made the soil n2o discharge flux adding in the mulch treatment, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in 5 to 10cm soil layer in the no mulch treatment

4在冬小麥生育期內，影響不同處理土壤中n _ 2o排放通量的主要土壤因子為：無種植情況下，覆膜所導致的膜下（ 0 - 5cm ）土壤水分積累是引起土壤中n _ 2o排放通量增加的關鍵；無膜時較淺層土壤（ 5 - 10cm ）中no _ 3 ~ - - n濃度對土壤中n _ 2o的排放至關重要。

However, under planting conditions, the content of nitrate nitrogen in 10 to 20cm soil layer and the ammonium nitrogen content in 5 to 10cm soil layer, the organic carbon content in 0 to 5cm soil layer were the most critical factors in mulch and no mulch treatment, respectively. 5

對覆膜種小麥處理， 10 - 20cm土層土壤的硝態氮含量對土壤中n _ 2o排放通量的影響最大；對無膜種小麥處理， 5 - 10cm土層土壤的nh _ 4 ~ + - n及0 - 5cm土層土壤中的有機質含量決定了土壤中n _ 2o的排放通量。

One of distinct characters of geotechnical problems is that there exist various interfaces such as interface between the structure and geotechncal medi8, the joints in rock mass, sliding face in soi1 and so on, which will effect the mecbocal behaviors of the geotecndcal media and the structures significanly so far though the finite element method has been wildly used in geotecbocal field, it still remains an inthectable problem to simulate these inteffoces idealiy in the numerical analysis

計算對象的不連續性是巖土工程問題的一個重要特點，這些不連續面主要是存在於基礎?土體、擋土結構?土體、地下結構?圍巖等結構與周圍巖土介質問的界面，或是巖體中的節理或軟弱夾層、土（巖）滑坡的滑動面等。不連續面的存在顯然對結構及巖土體的受力變形有著不可忽略的影響，因此在計算中不應無視它的存在。

As for static or dynamic investigation, the results figured out based on interactive sps are deviate from that based on fixed - base hypotheses structure and the loading and deforming features exhibited in interactive system under the condition of various soil - layer, soil properties and pile properties etc are also discrepant, so the interactive design of whole foundation and superstructure parts are necessarily and primly emphasized by numerous researchers in engineering practice

廣大研究者和工程技術人員在實踐中已經意識到將上部結構和基礎考慮作為一相互作用的整體進行設計的必要性和優越性，無論是對于靜力還是動力特性研究，樁-土-結構作為一個整體計算出的結果不僅與通常的剛性地基假定所得有較大出入，而且不同土層土質、樁屬性條件下的相互作用體系所表現的受力與變形特點也不盡相同。

Spatial structure analysis indicated that the semivanograms of sic and of soc content at different soil layer were simulated by different theoretical models and had same obvious spatial structure. their correlated distances were 1 km or so. the sic content at the layer of 20 - 40cm had the smallest correlated distance of 0. 9474km and the soc content at the layer of 10 - 20cm had the biggest correlated distance of 1. 4113km

結構分析表明，不同層次土壤無機碳和有機碳含量可用不同的理論模型來擬合，各層次土壤無機碳和有機碳在所設計的研究尺度上均具有良好的結構性，它們的空間自相關距離大約都在1km左右， 20 - 40cm層土壤無機碳的獨立間距最小（ 0 . 9474km ） ， 10 - 20層土壤有機碳的獨立間距最大（ 1 . 4113km ） 。