無效約因 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wúxiàoyāoyīn]
無效約因 英文
infirmative consideration
  • 無 : 無Ⅰ動詞（沒有） not have; there is not; be without Ⅱ名詞1 （沒有） nothing; nil 2 （姓氏） a surn...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 因 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （沿襲） follow; carry on Ⅱ介詞1 [書面語] （憑借; 根據） on the basis of; in accord...
  • 無效 : of no avail; to no avail; invalid; null and void; nullity （合同等的）; in vain; unavailability; ...
  1. So, the treatment of labor contract ’ s valid factors, sanction, invalid effects should have a different criterion from the common civil contract

    因此，勞動合同的有效要件、約束力、無效後果的處理必須有著不同於普通民事合同的特殊規范。
  2. For the treaty about the responsibility ' s quality, have four kind doctrine, is a deflect to say respectively, and the act of law say, and the direct provision of law say that say with honest repute, and the writer more incline toward the honest repute to say, quanta this is the treaty about negligence responsibility this a special stage solicit of, the parties steer the activity relating to civil law the hour to must have the heart of bona fides the status, other doctrine all some lead long strong, treaty about of occasion, traditional standpoint it is an acknowledge concordat that negligence responsibility establish does not establish, void or reversed occasion

    對于締約責任的性質，有四種學說，分別是侵權行為說，法律行為說，法律直接規定說和誠實信用說，筆者更傾向于誠實信用說，因為這是締約過失責任這一特殊階段要求的，當事人進行民事活動時必須具備誠實善良的內心狀態，其他學說都有些牽強。對于締約過失責任成立的場合，傳統的觀點是只承認合同不成立、無效或被撤銷的場合。筆者認為也應包括合同成立的場合，因為他同時也侵犯了非違約方的固有利益，雖然這部分利益不佔重點，但我們不能否認她們的存在，比如標的物有瑕疵，締約人違反保證等。
  3. In fact, it is the special system of our country that increase the incoherence and unconditionally of all the stockholders and the lack of the true investors. these two elements increase the stockholders " dissimilated behavior. in dividend policy, the difference of payment level resulted from the variance of the controlling degree embodies not the difference of stockholders " decision making to increase the company " value but the particular preference of the nonnegotiable shareholders and the management

    而最根本的原因是由於我國特定製度安排導致了股東群體的非一致性和非制約性的強化以及真正投資主體的缺位，兩個因素的共同作用加劇了股東行為的異化，表現在股利政策上，由股權控制度變化產生的支付水平差異主要體現為非流通股股東及管理層的特殊偏好，而從質的角度，以公司價值為目標的真正股東化主體的決策差異分析無效。
  4. The rule of foreseeability is applied to determine the scope of damages for breach, but not applied in nonperformance, such as void contract, voidable contract and negotiation in bad faith during making contract due to one party ' s fault

    可預見性原則適用於違約損害賠償，並不適用於非合同履行的場合，例如因一方過錯導致合同無效、合同被撤銷，以及合同訂立過程中的惡意磋商等發生損失的情形。
  5. The party concerned, who disobeys precontractual obligations on purpose or by mistake before the contract goes into effect and results in the failure, effectiveness, change and cancellation of the contract, will take liability for culpa in contrahendo

    摘要在合同生效之前，當事人因故意或過失違反先合同義務，導致合同不成立、合同無效或被變更、撤銷的，均應承擔締約過失責任。
  6. Neither the bank, its associates, nor any of their directors, officers or employees, shall be liable to the customer for any expenses, loss or damage suffered by or occasioned to the customer by reason of any action taken or omitted to be taken by any one or all of the bank, its associates, their directors, officers, employees or agents pursuant to these conditions or in connection therewith other than as a result of the fraud, wilful default or negligence of the bank, its associates, their directors, officers, employees or agents ; the bank s failure in good faith to honour any stop - payment instructions given by the customer ; the presentation to the bank of any cheque or other payment order which is post - dated ; the bank failing to honour any draft drawn on it by the customer, but the bank shall immediately return such draft to the customer through the normal channels giving the reason for the dishonour ; any loss, damage, destruction or misdelivery of or to the securities howsoever caused unless the same shall result from the negligence of, or theft by, the bank or its associates or any of their directors, officers or employees, in which event the extent of the liability of the bank shall be limited to the market value of such securities at the date of discovery of the loss and even if the bank has been advised of the possibility of such loss or damage ; unauthorised use or forging of any authorised signature as a result of the negligence, wilful default or fraud of the customer ; subject to condition 5. 5, any act or omission, or insolvency of, any person not associated with the bank including, without limitation, a third party nominee or depositary ; viii the collection or deposit or crediting to the custodian accounts of invalid, fraudulent or forged securities or any entry in the custodian accounts which may be made in connection therewith ; any malfunction of, or error in the transmission of information caused by, any electrical or mechanical machine or system or any interception of communication facilities, abnormal operating conditions, labour difficulties, acts of god, or any similar or dissimilar causes beyond the reasonable control of the bank and notwithstanding paragraph, the error, failure, negligence, act or omission of any other person, system, institution or payment infrastructure

    本行其聯系人士其各董事高級人員或雇員均毋須向客戶因以下理由而使客戶蒙受或產生之任何開支損失或虧損負責： i本行其聯系人士其董事高級人員雇員或代理人根據此等條件採取或遺漏採取有關之行動，但由於本行其聯系人士其董事高級人員雇員或代理人之欺詐行為故意失責或疏忽所造成者除外ii本行本真誠地未能依約替客戶執行止付指示iii向本行提交任何遠期支票或其他付款指示iv本行未能兌現由客戶開出之匯票，但本行將立即透過正常渠道將該匯票退回客戶，並解釋拒付之理由v無論如何導致之任何證券之損失損毀毀壞或錯誤交付除非上述各項乃因本行或其聯系人士或其任何董事高級人員或雇員之疏忽或盜竊所引致，而在該等情況下，本行的責任將只限於在發現損失當日該等證券之市值，以及即使本行已獲知該等賠償之可能性vi因客戶之疏忽故意失責或欺詐行為而導致的任何偽造授權簽名或不獲授權使用該簽名vii在第5 . 5 a條之規限下，與本行無關者之任何行動或遺漏或無償債能力包括但不限於第三者代名人或寄存處viii代收或存入或貸存於保管人賬戶的無效偽造或假冒證券或在保管人賬戶記入可能與此有關之賬項ix任何電子機械或系統失靈或因該等機件或系統產生的資料傳送錯誤或任何通訊設施之終斷不正常操作情況勞工問題天災或非本行所能合理控制之任何類似或非類似原因及x盡管有第ix項，任何其他人系統機構或付款設施的錯誤故障疏忽行動或遺漏。
  7. Common law takes the view that the actor should take responsibility of what has done with the precondition of a valid contract. even analyzing the consideration theory of commom law, the unauthorized disposition wont lead to the lack of consideration then make the contract invalid the international demonstration law, representing the development trend of world law, even expresses the theory that unauthorized disposition had nothing to do with validation of contract in a more explicit way in their legislation. hence the countries with advanced civil law all think or tend to mink mat unauthorized disposition contract should n ' t be invalid just only because of the action of unauthorized. china civil law should also follow the trend

    英美法系則認為處分人應負權利擔保責任，而這一責任承擔的前提應是合同有效。即使從英美法系的約因理論分析，處分人無處分權也並不會造成缺乏約因，不會導致合同無效。代表了世界法律發展趨勢的國際示範法則更為明確地表達了處分人無處分權與合同效力沒有關系的思想。
  8. If an ai intends to include an exemption of liability clause in its terms and conditions, it must satisfy itself that the clause would unlikely be made unenforceable by virtue of the control of exemption clauses ordinance as well as other consumer protection legislation such as the unconscionable contracts ordinance and the supply of services implied terms ordinance

    若認可機構擬在章則及條款內加入免責條款，機構應確保有關條款不會因為管制免責條款條例及其他如不合情理合約條例服務供應隱含條款條例等保障消費者的法例而被裁定為無效。
  9. The third chapter of the article mainly studies issues concerning determination of the liability for medical damages. firstly, it elaborates factors to be considered in determination of the liability for medical damages and grounds for exemption. meanwhile, it points out that medical institutions should compensate for other damage besides medical accident, and exemption clauses in medical contracts is invalid

    第三章主要研究有關確定醫療損害賠償責任的幾個問題，分析了確定醫療損害賠償責任應當考慮的因素和免責事由，提出醫療機構對醫療事故以外的損害也應當賠償，醫患雙方約定的免責條款無效，繼而明確了醫療損害賠償的范圍，討論了損害賠償數額的計算方法和標準以及損害賠償金的支付方式。
  10. Trust interests losses is like that : because of one side ' s false action in concluding a treaty which makes contract invalid or untenable and all kinds of fees and other losses ca n ' t be compensated of fault in concluding a treaty can take place in the course of concluding a treaty or after the contract taking effect 3 ) the side who breaks the previous contract obligation makes mistakes

    信賴利益損失，是指因另一方的締約過失行為而使合同不能成立或無效，導致信賴人所支付的各種費用和其他損失不能得到彌補。締約過失上的損失既可發生於締約過程中，也可發生於合同有效成立后。 （ 3 ）違反先合同義務的一方有過錯。
  11. An available name which either ( 1 ) is objectively invalid ( i. e. it is a junior homonym or a junior objective synonym of a potentially valid name, or must be rejected under the provisions of the code, or has been suppressed by the commission ), or ( 2 ) is subjectively invalid ( because it is considered subjectively to be a junior synonym or to be inapplicable to a particular taxonomic taxon )

    一個適用名稱，如為（ 1 ）客觀地無效（亦即一個次異物同名，或一個可能有效名稱的次客觀同物異名，或為一個在本規約規定下必須被摒棄或已被委員會禁制的名稱） ，或（ 2 ）主觀地無效（因為在主觀上認為是一個次同物異名，或不能應用於一個特別的分類學分類單元者） 。
  12. Notwithstanding anything herein contained to the contrary, the seller shall not be liable to the buyer for any incidental, indirect, consequential or punitive damages, losses or expenses including, without limitation, lost profit

    如果賣方不能對買方的任何意外、間接、相因而生的或者懲罰性損失或開支，其中包括責任范圍內的利潤損失進行負責，那麼無論此處有何約定/條款，這些約定條款都將視為無效
  13. Among the rules, the system of public summons for exhortation to tell the period to turn to make the negotiable instrument behavior invalid, obvious conflict of this law provision and the negotiable instrument for no reason existence, check and supervision the negotiable instrument circulates extensively

    其中規定「公示催告期間轉讓票據行為無效」 ，這一法律規定與票據的善意取得、票據無因性存在明顯沖突，制約了票據的廣泛流通。
  14. This thesis is divided into five parts. in the first part, through the comparison between mortgage and the pledge rights, and drawing lessons from wang limin ( professor of china people ' s university ) ' s idea, the author gives a definition to the pledge rights : it ' s the rights that when the debtor does n ' t fulfill his obligation, the creditor can be given the legal rights to take possession of a house or some other property as a security for payment of money lent. then the author makes further explanation to the pledge rights from the which analyzes the legal meaning of returing the security wantonly, although the supreme court made it clear that " after the creditor returned the security to the debtor, and comfronts the third person based on the pledge rights, the court will not support it ", thecourt did n ' t explicit whether the pledge rights dies out or is invalid. the author poses out when in this situation, the pledge rights dies out

    如在論述動產質權實現條件時，分析了我國《擔保法》第七十一條的不足之處並提出了自己的見解：職權人只能在非自身的原因未能受到清償時才能實現其質權；質權實現時質物價值超過約定價值的部分應歸出質人所有；而質權人怠於行使質權而使質物價值下跌的，質權人應承擔賠償責任。再如在分析任意返還質。物的法律意義時，針對最高人民法院盡管在其司法解釋中明確了「質權人將質物返i 」 a碩士學住論文v不示yw訂比』 sn正狠還于出質人後，以其質權對抗第三人的，人民法院不予支持」 ，但沒有明確此種情況下，質權是消滅還是無效的缺陷，筆者提出了質權人將質物返還于出質人或質物所有人的質權消滅的觀點。
  15. If the cwb was not completed by then, the east - west traffic could be paralyzed when part of the corridor has to be closed for carrying out the essential repair reconstruction works ; given the central ozp and the continued implementation of the criii contract has never been held to be invalid or contrary to law, the urgency of the construction works and the other considerations mentioned above, it is in the interest of good administration not to revoke or refer the central ozp to the tpb under section 12 of tpo as it would have the inevitable result of terminating the criii contract, thereby further delaying the completion of the various essential transport infrastructure ; and

    E考慮到中區大綱圖已獲核準，而繼續履行中區填海第三期工程合約一事又始終沒有被裁定為無效或違法，加上建築工程迫切和上述其他的考慮因素，不根據城市規劃條例第12條把已核準的中區大綱圖撤銷或發還城規會，有利於妥善的行政管理，因為撤銷或發還中區大綱圖的話，中區填海第三期工程合約便無可避免地須予終止，因而進一步推遲各項主要交通基建項目設施的完工日期以及
  16. But in the course of contracting, both parties have entered into a special mutual - reliance relationship from the general social relationship. if one party ' s defaulting results in non - formation, invalidity, or rescission of a contract, non - defaulting party will bear the damages in interest brought about by trusting other party

    但在締約階段，雙方當事人已由一般社會關系進入到一種互相信賴的特定關系中，如果因為一方的過錯行為使合同不成立、無效或被撤銷等，無過失一方就會因信賴而出現利益上的損失。
  17. Firstly, the conception, the theories and hypotheses of m & a are recapitulated. then, the developing direction of m & a and its circumstance status in our country are discussed, compared with those countries whose capital market are developed, its circumstance restrictions in all round, as well as the case that wuxi first cotton weave factory takes - over of taizhao xinghua cotton weave factory are also analyzed. finally, the view that to build large scope and high efficiency capital market, to cultivate market medi - institutions and to prefect correlative laws are the emphases of m & a circumstance governance in our country is pointed out in this article

    論文在概括企業並購概念、歷史發展及其理論與假說的基礎上，分析我國企業並購發展趨勢及其環境現狀，與資本市場發達國家相比較，闡述我國企業開展並購活動面臨的內、外部環境制約因素，並對無錫市第一棉紡織廠並購泰州興化棉紡織廠的案例進行分析，提出對我國企業並購環境治理應重點放在建立多層次和高效率的資本市場、培育市場中介機構以及完善相關法律方面的觀點。
  18. The uncertainty of planar constraints causes overconstraints, which have no influences in the ory on smooth work of a machine with planar linkages, to form obstruction in fact and bring about a series of pernicious influences on the performance of the machines, especially on their dynamic behavior and the quality

    因此，本文以平面連桿機構為研究對象，以高效、高穩定性及低成本為主要目標，對機械中的約束與過約束、自調機理與自調結構、運動副誤差對平面連桿機構約束不確定性的影響程度以及無過約束機構的設計理論與方法進行了深入、系統的研究。
  19. Conclude a treaty negligence liability and responsibility of breach of contract are two in contract issue different ideas, former in happening conclude a treaty level, be did not conclude in the contract or be issued by the circumstance of cancel, damage kills the method that just upholds him right ; latter after contract become effective happening fulfill level, right now a nonperformance because of the other side or fulfill what disagreement asks and damage kills, with respect to the responsibility of breach of contract that can find out the other side

    締約過失責任與違約責任是合同問題中的兩個不同概念，前者發生在締約階段，是在合同沒有訂立或合同無效或被撤銷的情況下，受損害方維護自己權利的方法；後者發生在合同生效后的履行階段，此時一方因對方的不履行或履行不合要求而受損害的，就可以追究對方的違約責任。
  20. And this type of liability should character in the course of entering a contract, one party breaching the obligation with subjective fault, making the other party losses and the function of compensation. on the issues of liability basis, by criticizing tort doctrine, legal behavior doctrine, and regulatory doctrine, points out that the theoretical basis of the liability id good faith. the material foundation is subject to the liability basis, and the liability not only in the circumstances of contract coming into existence, be announced invalid and be cancelled, but possibly exists on occasion that contract is valid

    首先，文章指出締約過失責任的概念應包涵產生時間、主觀狀態、先合同義務的違反及損害的產生四個關鍵因素，具有產生於締約過程中、一方因主觀過錯違反先合同義務、給對方造成損害以及彌補功能等特徵；在責任基礎的問題上，通過對侵權行為說、法律行為說、法律規定說等反對觀點的批駁，指出締約過失責任的理論基礎是誠實信用原則，其賴以產生的事實基礎除了致合同不成立之締約過失、合同被確認無效或被撤銷之締約過失外，提出了合同有效情況下締約過失存在的可能性。
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