無理的討價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wúlǐdetǎojià]
無理的討價 英文
holdup
  • 無 : 無Ⅰ動詞（沒有） not have; there is not; be without Ⅱ名詞1 （沒有） nothing; nil 2 （姓氏） a surn...
  • 理 : Ⅰ名詞1 （物質組織的條紋） texture; grain （in wood skin etc ） 2 （道理;事理） reason; logic; tru...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 討 : 動詞1 （討伐） send army or despatch troops to suppress or assault 2 （索取; 請求） ask for; beg ...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 無理 : unreasonable; unjustifiable
  1. After a summary of mm irrelevant theory, i study how the corporate income taxes, personal income tax and capital gains tax affect the value of the firm. at the end of this section, i formulate a state preference general equilibrium model about tax effect on the corporate capital structure decisions on a basis of the taxation in china

    應用現代資本資產定價理論，本章首先回顧了mm的資本結構無關理論，接著討論公司所得稅、個11 k司財務政策的稅收效應研究人所得稅和資本利得稅對公司資本結構的影響。
  2. The safety of transmission line plays a important role in power system safety it is not only the requirement of ensure supply power reliability, but also the necessary precondition of enhance power system stabilization, to remove faulty line quickly and accurately, also keep non - faulty line continuous work when some transmission line faults current differential protection is a kind of simple, reliable and good - selective protection manner to any variety of transmission lines, power system development needs current differential protection apply to transmission lines, moreover the advancement of electric and communication technology enable current differential protection apply to transmission lines firstly, the paper discusses, analyses the research and application transmission line protection in detail, compare the principle and realistic presupposition of general line pilot protections secondly, because conventional current vector differential protection are influenced easily by load current and transitional resistance, in order to at the same time quicken protection act, the principle and criterion include work characteristic of differential protect based on fault component sampled values are studied, results shows that differential protect based on fault component sampled values excels general vector current differential protection in reliability, sensitivity and anti - saturation of current transformer in addition, synchronous current sampling methods at all terminals of line is analyzed and estimated lastly, the principle and criterion. also device design about current sampling values differential protection based on optical fiber communication, which apply to short transmission lines are concretely investigated,

    基於基爾霍夫定律的電流差動保護無論對於何種形式的輸電線路都是一種簡單、可靠、選擇性強的保護形式，電力系統的發展使得電流差動保護應用於線路保護成為需要，而電子、通信技術的發展使得電流差動保護應用於輸電線路成為可能。首先，本文對目前線路保護的研究和實際應用情況進行了討論和分析，比較了常用線路縱聯保護的實現原理和實現條件及優缺點。其次，針對常規相量電流差動保護易受正常負荷電流和故障過渡電阻影響的缺點，同時為加快差動保護的動作速度，對基於故障分量瞬時采樣值電流差動保護的原理、判據、動作特性等作了討論和分析，結果表明基於故障分量瞬時采樣值電流差動保護在可靠性、靈敏度、抗電流互感器飽和方面明顯優于常規相量電流差動保護，對電流差動保護各端的同步采樣方法和數據通信也進行了分析和評價。
  3. The content of each part follow as : in the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study of definition characteristic of no, and the existing base of no - e - commerce environment ; in the second one, this part studies the theory base of no comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost ; chapter three studies the no from the coordination of no, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of no firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of virtual enterprise cluster ; based on such conclusion, studies the model of no from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode ; in chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling no with game theory and graphic theory ; in the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of no operational risks, coordination mechanism of no was studied by individually modeling the no without core and no with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of no ; as an important component of coordination mechanism of no, chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in no, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of no for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in no were given ; the last chapter applied the conclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade web - sunbu. com analyzed its shortcoming and gave the advices of developing

    全文共分為七章，主要內容如下：第一章作為全文的理論出發點和基礎，圍繞網路組織的定義、特徵以及網路組織生存基礎- -電子商務環境等方面對網路組織的基本概念進行了闡述；第二章綜合運用核心能力、競爭戰略和交易費用理論對網路組織產生的理論基礎進行闡述；第三章首先從組織協調的角度對網路組織進行了研究，給出了網路組織的結構，分類和特徵，同時並給出了虛擬企業群簇；然後在此基礎上分別研究了網路組織的生命周期模型、層次模型、過程模型、價值鏈模型，以及運行模式；第四章綜合運用博弈論、圖論的相關知識，通過構建網路組織的模型，對上一章所研究的網路組織結構的形成機理給出了一種理論解釋；第五章在分析網路組織運行風險的基礎上，分別建立無盟主網路組織的博弈論模型和有盟主網路組織的博弈論模型，詳細研究了網路組織的協調機制，然後給出了網路組織協調機制的解決方案；第六章作為網路組織協調機制的重要組成部分，本章在討論了網路組織中建立信任機制的必要性的基礎上，研究了網路組織信任關系的類型，提出了在網路組織中如何建立信任機制。
  4. According to the nature of capital and investment system, the paper discussed several management measures with functional value such as the effective management of capital in kind, the effective management of capital of property right, specially permitted management, bot management and management of invisible capital and exploitation of estate. these measures can be referred and adopted by freeway managers in practice

    根據高速公路資本的性質及融資方式的不同，探討了實物資本的有效經營、產權資本的運營、特許經營、 bot經營和無形資本經營，物業開發等幾種有使用價值的經營策略，供高速公路管理者在實際運營中參考選用。
  5. Citing five - meter - high nanfei river rubber dam in hefei, one of the highest double - anchor water rubber dam in china as an example, while deeply analyzing some representative rubber dam projects in china, the article theoretically exploits the relationships among some technical parameters such as anti - pull intensity, internal pressure ratio, circum - oriented relative extending rate, etc. also has the author brought up his own opinion on rubber dam design & calculation theory, which is of high theoretical and applicative value for parameter optimization and combination of water rubber dam with a height of above 3. 5 meters. it also helps when building over - five - meter - high rubber dam using seamless rubber dam and rubber dam with steel wire as its frame. this article also exploits safety measures for designing & building rubber dam in navigation areas

    本文以充水式雙錨固橡膠壩目前國內最高（壩高5m ）之一的合肥市南淝河橡膠壩工程為例，並在對全國目前已建橡膠壩代表工程進行深入分析的基礎上，對壩袋的抗拉強度、內壓比、環向相對伸長率等技術參數之間的關系進行了理論探討和研究，並對橡膠壩設計計算理論提出了自己的見解和看法，對指導設計壩高3 . 5m以上的充水式橡膠壩技術參數的優化組合具有重要的理論和應用價值，特別對應用無搭接縫橡膠壩、鋼絲網骨架橡膠壩建造壩高大於5m的橡膠壩具有指導意義。
  6. ( 3 ) it proved that the factors such as technology, market, management, fund and policy environment make different impaction on the result of the valuation of the investment opportunity of hi - tech enterprise during different developmental phases. ( 4 ) the competition intensity, the time lag of investment and the riskless rate make great negative impaction on the option value of hi - tech enterprise. ( 5 ) the conclusion of analysis achieved from which the varieties of the market supply and the market demand make impaction on the result of the valuation accord with the conclusion of analysis achieved from which the varieties impact to price on economics

    本文的主要研究成果如下： （ 1 ）投資機會價值在高新技術企業價值評估中佔有重要的地位； （ 2 ）在提出的投資機會價值評估模型的基礎上，結合實際，深入探討隨機跳躍頻率下的評估結論對投資決策的影響； （ 3 ）從定性和定量兩個角度系統地說明了技術、市場、管理、資金及政策對評估結論的影響程度是隨著企業發展階段的不同而不同； （ 4 ）證明了外部競爭強度、投資的時滯和無風險利率對企業的期權價值評估產生極大的負影響，即外部競爭強度越強、投資的時滯越長和無風險利率越大，企業的期權價值就越低，反之就越高； （ 5 ）市場需求和供給的分析結果與從經濟學上的供需對產品價格的影響結論是一致的。
  7. The theories and application methods of some quality control techniques are introduced briefly, such as statistical sample, measurement system analysis, evaluation of measurement uncertainty, fault tree analysis bind even tree analysis, and their application in ndt & e is discussed

    簡要介紹了統計抽樣、測量系統分析、不確定度評定，故障樹與事件樹分析等質量控制技術的理論及應用方法，並結合無損檢測與評價過程進行了討論。
  8. Part 3 : the grounds why crimes obstructed do not construct crime. in this thesis, the author consider that the act under the consent of the victim and serf - destruction are criminal object obstructed ; the severe damages of people who has incapacity for criminal responsibility is subject of crime obstructed ; the other acts are culpability obstructed. rn the part of culpability obstructed / esearched the basic theories of culpability, the author consider that the culpability is orgnic combination of the psychological factors and the evalution of legal norm. culpability evaluting, with regard to different form of culpability, the criminal rules negates and condemns the different side of psychological factors of actorin the situation of criminal intent, emotion and will, in the situation of criminal negligence, cognition, that is insufficient cognition in negligence with undue assumption and no cognition in careless negligence

    本文認為經權利人承諾的行為與自損行為是犯罪客體阻卻事由，無刑事責任能力是犯罪主體阻卻事由，而其他所有的犯罪阻卻事由都屬于罪過阻卻事由。在罪過阻卻事由部分，本文探討了關于罪過的豺理論，認為罪跟心理事實與規范評價的有機結合。在罪過評價時，對不同的罪聊式，刑法規范否定與譴責行為人不同方面的心理事實：在犯罪故意場合，否定與譴責的是心理事實中的情感意志因素；在犯罪過失的場合，否定與譴責的只是心理事實中的認識因素，即過于自信過失的認識不足與疏忽大意過失的無認識。
  9. This paper analyzes major problems in the practice of real estate appraisal from the perspective of theory and practice, explains the treatment of various property, including returns from intangible property, from capital and from chattel, discusses the problem of matching between the capitalization rate and net income. this paper also uses examples to define the content of various income from real estate and expenses to be deducted so that the outcome of the appraisal will be as veracious as possible. this paper provides its own view on the definition and treatment of various property such as intangible property and chattel property, concludes the contents of income from various real estates and expenses to be deducted, and applies and explains in real cases

    在這種形勢下，本文針對目前在房地產估價實務中存在的主要問題，在兼顧方法的理論可行性和實際可操作性的前提下，總結、分析說明了對各類收益性房地產非不動產收益，包括無形資產（無形因素或無形影響力）形成的收益、資本帶來的收益、動產帶來的收益等項收益的認定和處理方法，對資本化率與凈收益內容相匹配的問題進行了一定的探討，並通過實例明確了各類房地產收益和應扣減的費用的具體內容，使得估價的結果盡量地做到準確並且符合實際。
  10. The review covers results at home and abroad in terms of uptake of inorganic contaminants by pteridophytes, and suggests pteridophytes ' significance in phytoremediation ; the mechanisms related to uptake of inorganic contaminants by pteridophytes and some methods and means used for research on the mechanism are also introduced ; the authors ' viewpoints on future development trends are presented in this paper

    摘要本文總結了國內外放類植物蓄積無機污染物的研究成果，探討了蕨類植物在植物修復技術中潛在的應用價值，及其吸收、蓄積無機污染物的生理生化機制，並介紹了一些有效的研究方法；最後未來該領域的發展方向。
  11. I argue that this general assessment of akrasia constitutes the fundamental issue of his discussion, and that many criticisms and misunderstandings about the aristotelian doctrine have arisen from neglecting this very fact

    這個對無自制力的基本評價，構成了亞理斯多德對此問題整個討論的基本論題；許多對亞理斯多德無自制力學說的批評與誤解都是基於忽視了這個事實。
  12. However, the development of the network advertisements bring lots of legal problems meanwhile such as the network bait and the network advertisements of sales with giveaways, the inappropriate uses of the network keywords and the interlinkage skill, the plagiarism among the websites and the abnormal lowering prices ; the network advertisements ’ harassment, the encroachment of the right of privacy, the false and fraudulent advertisements etc. the network advertisements actions above damage the market ’ s legitimate competitive orders badly, infract the consumers ’ lawful rights and interests, so the means of regulating these actions effectively and safeguarding the healthy development of the market orders are the problems which need to face and settle by the countries ruled by law

    論文首先從網路傳播的一般原理出發，探討廣告及網路廣告的含義、特徵、作用及分類等基本理論;其次分析了網路廣告中存在的主要問題，如網路廣告的立法缺陷問題、網路廣告不正當競爭問題、消費者權益損害問題等。其中重點闡述了網路廣告無法可依，擴大解釋不到位，管轄權難以確定等立法缺陷問題;網路誘餌與網路有獎銷售，網路關鍵字詞和鏈接技術，網站抄襲與不正常壓價等不正當競爭問題;以及網路廣告騷擾、侵犯隱私權、虛假與欺詐等損害消費者權益的網路廣告形式。
  13. In the aspects of choice that make the price method, because of canning compare the company analysis method with can compare the bargain analysis method must have the prosperous capital market, more case example, lack domestic current the bargain of the state - owned property to say, very much the enough case example props up. and buy the market multiple analysis method analyze first public of and buy the market bargain multiple, and usually is trading the scale to ascend to take into the restrict with the industry category, for example, can be provided as analytic bargain a bargain for being limited by this front in six months, target company in the electric power profession, the scale limit in 50, 000, 000 dollars including, this kind of method and ca n ' t provide the help of high times. but the dividends usuallies convert into cash to analyze the method to get the analysis of the bonus from the target company to the value that get the target company. the above method exsits current state - owned property make price very much the localization of the different degree, the past a text tries to use value analysis method as to lends support to the method, the cash discharge converts into cash to analyze method ( the method of dcf ) as the main method, the certain state - owned property procures the price. among them, use the cash discharge converts into cash to analyze the method makes sure the income is after procuring, value analysis the method gets of result the conduct and actions manages with state - owned property the section to make the basis of the price for the state - owned property, two kinds of methods is mutually combinative, make sure the state - owned property procure the price

    以上方法對于目前國有資產的作價都存在不同程度的局限，故本文嘗試用賬面價值分析法為輔助方法，現金流量折現分析法（ dcf法）為主要方法，確定國有資產收購價格。其中，用現金流量折現分析法確定收購之後的收益，賬面價值分析法得到的結果作為與國有資產管理部門就國有資產作價的依據，兩種方法相互結合，來確定國有資產收購價格。同時論文對國有企業收購整合的模式作了積極的探索，地方電力公司投資新的水利發電項目往往同時有一部份是排灌、防洪等非經營性的，或稱為公益性的無收益項目，論文對新建項目的經營性資產與非經營性資產合理比例作了深入的探討，重慶大學碩士學位論文並建立了分析模型，對于新項目的投入資金結構進行了較為深入的分析，並建立了相應的項目融資模型。
  14. Rights conflict between donor and donee has provided a good point for legal study and research, this paper just starts form that and consists of four parts, which are summarized as follows : in the first part, i focus on the reliance interest in donation contract. firstly, i do my utmost to analyze and explain the similarities and differences between reliance interests, expect interest and restitution interest, which obviously should be the first job before discussing the reliance interest in donation contract

    分析兩種解決方案的共性與個性，做出最優化的價值選擇;結合贈與合同單務、無償的法律特徵，分析贈與物移轉對贈與合同效力的影響;探討贈與合同中雙方的權利配置;確定合理信賴的判斷標準;論述贈與合同中信賴利益賠償責任之構成要件及信賴利益賠償之范圍。
  15. Subsequently, the waves induced forces and their driven effects on currents are studied in detail. in the discussion of the effects of currents on waves, according to the wave radiation theory and the law of wave action conservation, the equivalence of none vorticity condition of the vector of wave number in constant wave field and fermat theory is testified. the dynamic and kinematics effects of background currents on waves are introduced concisely

    在流對浪的作用討論中，依據波動的射線理論和由變分原理導出的波作用量守恆定律，闡明了穩定波場波數矢量的無旋條件與費馬原理的等價性，扼要討論了背景流場影響海浪的運動學效應和動力學效應，首次指出水位（包括天文潮位與風暴潮位）變化對海浪成長與消衰的影響，為流浪潮聯合數值模式的發展提供必要的理論依據。
  16. In chapter3, information is divided into two basic types, the marginal equation of bond price and short - term interest variations is established, thus the security price variations and the price equilibrium of other assets ( risk security non - risk security are included ) are analyzed by the implement of portfolio theory. finally the bond value equation which takes equilibrium return as its yield parameter is established through the theory of comparative return. in chapter 4, the intra - information and the transferable system of price is emphasized and the market - maker model and expected model under non - perfect information market conditions are established, and the disaccord of the influence of extra - information and intra - information on the security price is discussed

    第三章將債券的價格均衡劃分為兩大基本類型，建立了債券與短期利率變動的邊際方程，運用組合原理分析債券價格變動與其它資產（包括風險證券和無風險證券）的價格均衡關系，通過比較收益原理建立了債券以市場均衡收益為折現參數的價值方程，並通過實證檢驗了該模型的合理性；第四章，分析了內部信息與價格的傳導原理，建立了非完全信息市場條件下價格傳遞信息的做市商模型和預期模型，並討論外部信息與內部信息對股票價格影響的非一致性。
  17. The discussion on the value judgment is very important, but it can not answer many questions about economic law such as the normalization, self - governess, formalization and basic categories. so, it is urgent to probe into the formal reason of economic law and it has become an essential means to demonstrate many theoretical and practical questions about economic law

    這種有關價值判斷的討論當然是重要的，但這種以價值性評價為基礎的研究畢竟無法回答經濟法的許多問題，如經濟法的規范性問題、自治性與形式化的問題、基本范疇問題等，都不是用價值判斷所能解釋的。因此，對經濟法的形式理性進行探討，成為一個迫切的問題，也成為解釋許多經濟法理論與實踐問題的必要途徑。
  18. The basic logical structure is as follows : part one deals with the relationship between public administration and government achievements which draws forth the discussion about the importance of public administrators " qualities. from this part much inspiration will be derived, especially for the investigation of such social phenomenon in china as " public affairs with non - admistration ; and administration of non - public affairs ". part two discusses the roles of adminstrators and administrative techniques by the way of studying relevant literature which shows that much research has been conducted before on the roles and techniques of administrators

    本文主體共由五個部分組成，基本邏輯結構如下：第一部分論述政府績效與公共管理的關系，引出公共管理者素質重要性這一話題，特別是對于中國在一定程度上存在著「有公共而無管理、有管理而無公共」的現象，具有啟發意義；第二部分討論公共管理者的角色與技能，主要是通過文獻解讀完成，回顧過去的相關文獻顯示，探討管理者的角色與技能問題的論著甚多，頗具參考價值，所以本文將一併檢視回顧有關管理者角色與技能的文獻。
  19. With the prerequisite of reasonable hypothesis, the author starts from the general definition of the arbitrage, obtains the no - arbitraging condition, namely the pricing model of the stock index futures, explains the other pricing models, and discusses the process of the index arbitrage with the model

    對于指數套利交易策略，本文在合理假設的前提下從套利的一般定義出發，得出了無套利條件，即股指期貨的定價模型，並對其他一些常見的定價模型進行了解釋，然後利用這一模型討論了套利交易的過程。
  20. The theme began with the definitions, characters, theories and the related corporation of transfer pricing and discussed the basis that the transfer pricing occurred. then it illustrates the method of transfer pricing, and importantly discussed with purchases or sales of goods and intangible assets. according to different comparisons of purchases or sales of goods, it can be divided into comparable transaction method and comparable profit method and analysed further classically

    本文從闡述轉移價格的定義、特點、理論基礎及將要在文中涉及到的關聯企業問題入手，先從理論上來探討轉移價格發生的基礎、依據，並由此引出對轉移價格的定價方法的探討，同時分層次的著重討論了實物交易的轉移價格定價方法和無形資產的轉移價格定價方法。
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