無責任的一方 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wúzérèndeyīfāng]
無責任的一方 英文
innocent party
  • 無 : 無Ⅰ動詞（沒有） not have; there is not; be without Ⅱ名詞1 （沒有） nothing; nil 2 （姓氏） a surn...
  • 責 : Ⅰ名詞（責任） duty; responsibility Ⅱ動詞1 （要求做成某事或行事達到一定標準） demand; ask for; req...
  • 任 : 任名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 方 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方形; 方體） square 2 [數學] （乘方） involution; power 3 （方向） direction 4 （方面） ...
  • 責任 : 1. （應做的事） duty; responsibility 2. （應承擔的過失） responsibility for a fault or wrong; blame
  1. For the treaty about the responsibility ' s quality, have four kind doctrine, is a deflect to say respectively, and the act of law say, and the direct provision of law say that say with honest repute, and the writer more incline toward the honest repute to say, quanta this is the treaty about negligence responsibility this a special stage solicit of, the parties steer the activity relating to civil law the hour to must have the heart of bona fides the status, other doctrine all some lead long strong, treaty about of occasion, traditional standpoint it is an acknowledge concordat that negligence responsibility establish does not establish, void or reversed occasion

    對于締約責任的性質，有四種學說，分別是侵權行為說，法律行為說，法律直接規定說和誠實信用說，筆者更傾向于誠實信用說，因為這是締約過失責任這一特殊階段要求的，當事人進行民事活動時必須具備誠實善良的內心狀態，其他學說都有些牽強。對于締約過失責任成立的場合，傳統的觀點是只承認合同不成立、無效或被撤銷的場合。筆者認為也應包括合同成立的場合，因為他同時也侵犯了非違約方的固有利益，雖然這部分利益不佔重點，但我們不能否認她們的存在，比如標的物有瑕疵，締約人違反保證等。
  2. Procedural defense is a new kind of modern defense. it does not refer to the substantial defense against the prosecution, nor does it refer to presenting evidence and reasons to prove the innocence of the accused, the pettiness of his crime and the need for a mitigated punishment or exemption from criminal responsibility. in fact, the procedural defense directly aims at the procedures of the special organs by pointing out and proving their procedural irregularities that may result in the exclusion of the prosecutive evidence, or even may result in the termination of the whole prosecution in the interests of the accused

    程序性辯護是現代刑事辯護的一種新的類型，它不是針對檢控方的控訴內容，也不是提出證據和理由證明被追訴人無罪、罪輕或者應當減輕、免除其刑事責任，它直接針對刑事訴訟專門機關的訴訟程序，希望通過指出和證明追訴機關程序違法而使對辯方不利的證據被排除，或者違法程序被宣告無效甚至整個追訴程序被依法終結，從而達到有利於被追訴人的目的。
  3. A dynamic hierarchical description method for workflow is presented. the method provides a dynamic hierarchical way to define a workflow with non - determinate or dynamic factors. with this method, the main process defined at build - time can be reified and extended by the principle of the sub - organizations at either the build - time or the run - time. to ensure the consistency and integrity of the description, a series of constraint rules are also discussed to realize seamless integration between a decomposed process and its original one. this approach supports the description of unpredictable uncertainties, the dynamic hierarchy of business process, and the dynamic modification of enterprise organizations, and all of these improve the flexibility and extendability of workflow management systems dramatically

    為支持流程中不確定性因素和動態因素的描述，提出了柔性工作流的動態層次描述方法，使得流程設計人員在流程定義階段定義的主流程可以在任意時刻由子組織的負責人進行細化和擴充.為保證動態層次描述的正確性和完整性，討論了動態層次描述的一系列約束規則，確保分解后的流程與原有流程實現無縫銜接.該描述方法支持對不可預知的非確定性因素的描述，支持業務流程的動態層次描述以及組織機構的變化，極大地增加了工作流管理系統的柔性和可擴展性
  4. （ including ， without limitation ， indebtedness owing by seller to third parties who have granted buyer a security interest in the accounts ， chattel paper and general intangibles of said third party ； and further including ， without limitation ， any and all attorneys fees ， expenses ， costs ， premiums ， charges and interest owed by seller to buyer ， whether under the agreements ， or otherwise ） whether due or not due ， absolute or contingent ， liquidated or unliquidated ， determined or undetermined ， whether seller may be liable individually or jointly with others ， whether recovery upon such indebtedness may be or hereafter becomes barred by any statute of limitations or whether such indebtedness may be or hereafter becomes otherwise unenforceable ， and includes sellers prompt ， full and faithful performance ， observance and discharge of each and every term ， condition ， agreement ， representation ， warranty undertaking and provision to be performed by seller under these agreements

    這里的術語「負債」 「債務」 （以下一併簡稱為債務）應按照各自最廣泛的含義被使用，債務包括賣方先前、現在和今後，基於自願或非自願發生的所有預付款、負債、債務和責任，不論債務如何產生， （包括但不限於，賣方對已用自己的帳戶、動產文書或一般無體物向買方提供擔保利益的第三方之負債，並進而包括但不限於，賣方在協議等項下欠付買方的全部律師費、支出、費用、保險費、運費和利息） ，不論債務是否已經到期、是否必然發生、是否已清算、是否已決，不論賣方是單獨或與他人連帶承擔責任，不論債務的追償是否已經或將會受到時效法的阻礙，也不論債務是否已經或將要無法強制執行，賣方應當即時、充分和善意的履行、遵守和完成全部條款、條件、協議、陳述、擔保義務和這些協議項下賣方應當履行的條款。
  5. （ including ， without limitation ， indebtedne owing by seller to third parties who have granted buyer a security interest in the accounts ， chattel paper and general intangibles of said third party ； and further including ， without limitation ， any and all attorneys fees ， expe es ， costs ， premiums ， charges and interest owed by seller to buyer ， whether under the agreements ， or otherwise ） whether due or not due ， a olute or contingent ， liquidated or unliquidated ， determined or undetermined ， whether seller may be liable individually or jointly with others ， whether recovery upon such indebtedne may be or hereafter becomes barred by any statute of limitatio or whether such indebtedne may be or hereafter becomes otherwise unenforceable ， and includes sellers prompt ， full and faithful performance ， o ervance and discharge of each and every term ， condition ， agreement ， representation ， warranty undertaking and provision to be performed by seller under these agreements

    這里的術語「負債」 「債務」 （以下一併簡稱為債務）應按照各自最廣泛的含義被使用，債務包括賣方先前、現在和今後，基於自願或非自願發生的所有預付款、負債、債務和責任，不論債務如何產生， （包括但不限於，賣方對已用自己的帳戶、動產文書或一般無體物向買方提供擔保利益的第三方之負債，並進而包括但不限於，賣方在協議等項下欠付買方的全部律師費、支出、費用、保險費、運費和利息） ，不論債務是否已經到期、是否必然發生、是否已清算、是否已決，不論賣方是單獨或與他人連帶承擔責任，不論債務的追償是否已經或將會受到時效法的阻礙，也不論債務是否已經或將要無法強制執行，賣方應當即時、充分和善意的履行、遵守和完成全部條款、條件、協議、陳述、擔保義務和這些協議項下賣方應當履行的條款。
  6. The terms indebtedness and obligations are （ hereinafter collectively referred to as the obligations ） used herein in their most comprehensive sense and include any and all advances ， debts ， obligations and liabilities of seller ， heretofore ， now ， or hereafter made ， incurred or created ， whether voluntarily or involuntarily ， and however arising （ including ， without limitation ， indebtedness owing by seller to third parties who have granted buyer a security interest in the accounts ， chattel paper and general intangibles of said third party ； and further including ， without limitation ， any and all attorneys fees ， expenses ， costs ， premiums ， charges and interest owed by seller to buyer ， whether under the agreements ， or otherwise ） whether due or not due ， absolute or contingent ， liquidated or unliquidated ， determined or undetermined ， whether seller may be liable individually or jointly with others ， whether recovery upon such indebtedness may be or hereafter becomes barred by any statute of limitations or whether such indebtedness may be or hereafter becomes otherwise unenforceable ， and includes sellers prompt ， full and faithful performance ， observance and discharge of each and every term ， condition ， agreement ， representation ， warranty undertaking and provision to be performed by seller under these agreements

    這里的術語「負債」 「債務」 （以下一併簡稱為債務）應按照各自最廣泛的含義被使用，債務包括賣方先前、現在和今後，基於自願或非自願發生的所有預付款、負債、債務和責任，不論債務如何產生， （包括但不限於，賣方對已用自己的帳戶、動產文書或一般無體物向買方提供擔保利益的第三方之負債，並進而包括但不限於，賣方在協議等項下欠付買方的全部律師費、支出、費用、保險費、運費和利息） ，不論債務是否已經到期、是否必然發生、是否已清算、是否已決，不論賣方是單獨或與他人連帶承擔責任，不論債務的追償是否已經或將會受到時效法的阻礙，也不論債務是否已經或將要無法強制執行，賣方應當即時、充分和善意的履行、遵守和完成全部條款、條件、協議、陳述、擔保義務和這些協議項下賣方應當履行的條款。
  7. I have watched committees attempting to decode sequences of names, agonize over whether a much cited paper was really the candidate ' s work or a coauthor ' s, and send back recommendations asking for more specificity about the division of responsibility

    我曾見過有的委員會，摸索著為數列的名單一一「解碼」 ，殫精竭慮地琢磨一篇大量引用過的論文真是出於此人之手還是其合著者的大作，無奈下只得寫信建議對方給出責任明細的具體細節。
  8. The official solicitor ' s main duties are to act as guardian ad litem or next friend in legal proceedings for persons under disability of age or mental capacity, as representative of deceased persons ' estates for the purpose of legal proceedings, as official trustee and judicial trustee, to act as committee of the estate of mentally incapacitated persons, to represent any party in care or protection proceedings and to act on behalf of a person committed to prison for contempt who is unable or unwilling to apply on his own behalf for release

    法定代表律師的主要職責如下：在法律程序中，擔任因年齡或智能理由缺乏自行訴訟能力者的訴訟監護人或訴訟保護人；以死者遺產代理人身分進行訴訟；擔任法定受?人及司法受?人；以精神上無行為能力的人的產業受?監管人身分行事；在與照顧或監護有關的訴訟中代表任何一方；以及代表因藐視法庭罪而入獄，但不能或不願自行申請省釋的人行事。
  9. A party which is responsible for the invalidity of a contract shall be liable for the losses suffered by the other party as a result of the contracts becoming invalid

    當事人一方對合同無效負有責任的，應當對另一方因合同無效而遭受的損失負賠償責任。
  10. Subject to provisions of the act but without prejudice to any indemnity to which a director may otherwise be entitled, every director or other officer or auditor of the company shall be indemnified out of the assets of the company against liability incurred by him in defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgment is given in his favor or in which he is acquitted or in connection with any application in which relief is granted to him by the court from liability for negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust in relation to the affairs of the company

    根據法案的規定? ?但該條款對于任何一位公司董事（或領導，見後面解釋）可能以其他方式應獲得的賠償沒有任何偏見（見後面解釋） ? ?每一位公司的董事或其他主管人員或審計員，對於他進行訴訟辯護中? ?無論是民事訴訟，還是刑事訴訟? ?所帶來的債務，應以公司的資產進行賠償，只要該訴訟的判決為此人勝訴或被判無罪，或此人與任何被法庭判定他免於承擔與公司事務有關的任何瀆職、違約、失職或違反信託義務等責任的申請有關。
  11. They believe that the damages should be borne by the party concerned who has the capability of cost dissipation, and, with the enterprise who creates danger adding the losses it undertakes to the cost of its product, be finally dissipated to thousands and thousands pf consumers who buy the product, reaching the goal of allocation of losses in cost. the liability for damages should be assumed by the party who is capable of performing the duty of awareness and avoiding the accident. the victim normally has not such capability while the danger creator does have the capability to prevent the damage occurring

    認為損害應由具有成本分散能力的一方當事人承擔，通過製造危險的企業將其商品的成本中加入其所承擔的損失，而分散給購買其商品的千千萬萬個消費者而達到成本分攤損失的目的；損害責任應由有能力採取注意義務；避免意外事故發生的當事人負責，受害人一般無此能力，相反危險的製造者則有能力避免損害發生；基於公平的觀念，製造危險者往往從危險活動中受益，由其承擔損失是正義的要求；危險責任的成立，也是訴訟上證據保全的要求，即從事異常危險沼動所導致的損害事件，例如炸藥爆炸、大量汽油爆炸以及飛機失事等、意外事故，查常破壞這些事件過程中的證據，使證據滅失，而由原告證，明被告過失顯然不能，因此對被告的高度危險性活動所生損害應負嚴格責任。
  12. Abstract : the safety management is one of the important content for the enterprise management on the mine. the safe civilized production can ensure production operation smoothly. once safe production has been met several unfavorable factors at transform structure in the mine enterprise, as a result, the production included plenty of passive and difficult position. if all leaders and clerks changed ideas “ the safety first and putling prevention first ”, the management work would must push forward for the development of the mine enterprise

    文摘:安全管理工作是礦山企業管理的重要內容之一，安全文明生產是生產經營活動順利進行的保證，礦山企業在轉機建制中安全管理工作遇到諸多不利因素，導致安全管理工作一度出現被動與無序的局面，只要各級領導和全體職工提高認識，轉變觀念，牢固樹立「安全第一，預防為主」的思想，落實安全生產責任制，全方位開展安全生產標準化的創建，形成有效的安全文化氛圍，安全管理工作必將對礦山企業的發展起到巨大的推動作用。
  13. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  14. Party b will prepare original capital verification reports, which will be used art party a ' s discretion and the misuse of these report will have nothing to do with party b

    乙方向甲方出具的驗資報告一式份，這些報告由甲方分發、使用，使用不當的責任與乙方無關。
  15. Parties " claims must be based on corresponding evidence rules and denying or refuting opposite parties should also produce evidence ; the other is the classification rule for legal norms, that is, the rule that the party who sets up a claim should produce evidence cannot solve the problem of how to distribute the burden of proof when the question in dispute is not clear and parties of both sides are incapable of producing evidence

    當事人提出主張必須有相應的證據規則，基於一定事實對對方的主張予以否定或反駁的也應提供證據。二是法律規范分類規則，即主張者舉證規則不能解決當爭議事議不明而對方當事人亦無力予以證明時如何分配舉證責任的問題。況且在這種情形下法院也不能以事實無法查清為由不作裁決。
  16. After the analysis of present system of company ' s capital formation in our country, the essay thinks ( 1 ) the limitation of minimum capital must be scientific and reasonable ; ( 2 ) the range of assets out of cash to pay the subscribed capital should be perfected ; ( 3 ) because there is obvious deficiency and imbalance on shareholders " liabilities to the breach of agreement on investment, relevant systems should be constructed and consummated

    在分析了我國現行公司資本形成制度后，認為： （ 1 ）我國最低資本的限定必須科學合理； （ 2 ）有關現物出資的范圍有待進一步完善，應適度提高無形資產出資的比例限額，並應增加債權出資的風險防範機制； （ 3 ）現行公司法在股東出資違約責任體系方面存在著明顯的欠缺與失衡，應著力建立和完善相應的制度。
  17. Except in the event of breach of confidentiality, in no event shall either party be liable for any damages, including loss of data, lost profits, cost of cover or other special, incidental, consequential, direct or indirect damages arising from the use of the products, or provision of, or failure to provide, support, however caused and whether based on agreement, tort ( including negligence ) or any other theory of liability

    除非違反了保密規定，任何一方在任何情況下，對因使用產品、或提供或未提供支持，無論何種原因，亦無論基於協議、侵權（包括過失）或其他責任理論而引起的損害，包括數據丟失、利潤損失、服務費用或其他特殊的、附帶的、後果性的、直接的或間接的損害均不負賠償責任。
  18. On the basis of the principle of unbalanced legislation to protect the weak, this article presents a systematic research on the liability for the breach of labor contracts, which may apply a historical analysis, standard analysis as well as comparative research. chapter 1 probes into the definition of the liability for the breach of labor contracts and its characteristics, its common characteristics and its special characteristics. chapter 2 discusses the classifications of the liability for the breach of labor contracts : the employer " s liability for the breach of labor contracts and the labor " s liability for the breach of labor contracts or the primary liability for the breach of labor contracts and the subordinated liability for the breach of labor contracts, which may play the special and significant role in the liability for the breach of labor contracts. chapter 3 mainly discusses the constitutive requirements of the liability for the breach of labor contracts, which have a unbalanced character. the character is mainly reflected in fault. in general when the laborers break the contracts, we should apply the doctrine of liability for wrongs, while the employers, the doctrine of no - fault liability

    本文從「傾斜立法，保護弱者」的觀念出發，運用歷史考察、比較研究和規范分析等多種方法，對勞動合同違約責任的基本理論問題作了較全面系統的研究。第一部分探討了勞動合同違約責任的概念及其特徵，重點分析了勞動合同違約責任的特有特徵：傾斜性特徵和（可能）重合性特徵；第二部分論述了在勞動合同違約責任中具有特殊意義的分類? ?用人單位的違約責任、勞動者的違約責任與違反主給付義務的違約責任、違反附隨義務的違約責任。第三部分研究了勞動合同違約責任的構成要件，著重論述了勞動合同違約責任的構成具有不平衡性的特點，此特點體現在過錯要件中，一般說來，勞動者違約時，應采過錯責任原則；用人單位違約時，應采無過錯違約原則。
  19. And this type of liability should character in the course of entering a contract, one party breaching the obligation with subjective fault, making the other party losses and the function of compensation. on the issues of liability basis, by criticizing tort doctrine, legal behavior doctrine, and regulatory doctrine, points out that the theoretical basis of the liability id good faith. the material foundation is subject to the liability basis, and the liability not only in the circumstances of contract coming into existence, be announced invalid and be cancelled, but possibly exists on occasion that contract is valid

    首先，文章指出締約過失責任的概念應包涵產生時間、主觀狀態、先合同義務的違反及損害的產生四個關鍵因素，具有產生於締約過程中、一方因主觀過錯違反先合同義務、給對方造成損害以及彌補功能等特徵；在責任基礎的問題上，通過對侵權行為說、法律行為說、法律規定說等反對觀點的批駁，指出締約過失責任的理論基礎是誠實信用原則，其賴以產生的事實基礎除了致合同不成立之締約過失、合同被確認無效或被撤銷之締約過失外，提出了合同有效情況下締約過失存在的可能性。
  20. The author points out that its constitutive requirements include the act of one party who breaches the pre - contract obligations, subjective fault of the party who breaches the pre - contract obligations, damages suffered by the aggrieved party, and the causation relation between the act in violation of the pre - contract obligations and the harmful consequence. the article further expounds the scope of application of the contracting fault liability, which includes the non - formation of the contract, invalidity of the contract, cancellation of the contract, the contract being formed but not coming into effect, the scope of compensation for the contracting fault liability should be confined to trust interest losses

    同時分析了締約過失責任的法理基礎? ?誠實信用原則，並指出其構成要件應為：締約一方有違反先合同義務的行為，違反先合同義務方主觀上有過錯，對方受到損害，違反先合同義務行為與損害結果有因果關系；接著進一步詳細論述了締約過失責任適用的范圍：合同不成立、合同無效、合同被撤銷、合同已成立但未生效；然後明確了締約過失賠償范圍是信賴利益損失。
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