熱容方程 的英文怎麼說

Then the finite element equations are derived with the effective heat capacity method. common time - stepping method and precise time integration ( pti ) method are used to solve the equation

然後基於等效熱容法推導了伴有相變過程的傳熱控制方程的有限元列式，並且分別研究了用常規的時間差分法和精細積分法求解上述有限元方程。

Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet - parameter on evaporator. fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio - parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping

本文的主要內容如下： 1 ）對翅片管蒸發器結構特點進行分析，選取適當的微元控制體，就干、濕和霜工況下對每個微元分別進行傳熱傳質分析，基於經驗關系式確定霜的有關參數，對于霜工況下的霜生長建立模型，經適當假設，運用質量守恆、能量守恆和動量守恆方程建立適合動態模擬的蒸發器數學模型，為系統模擬奠定基礎； 2 ）對蒸發在大擾動下的開、停機過程，運用動態集中參數模型進行分析和計算，為更好地描述製冷系統運行的全過程奠定基礎，同時也為製冷系統實現自動控制提供一定的理論基礎； 3 ）對蒸發器正常運行過程，運用動態分佈參數和參數間定量耦合的觀點來分析和計算，為更好地了解穩態工況下各點參數的變化情況及各入口參數對蒸發器動態特性的影響即蒸發器性能對各參數變化的敏感性； 4 ）編寫翅片管蒸發器動態特性模擬計算程序，可以計算不同邊界條件和初始條件下的製冷劑熱力參數、空氣溫濕度和霜厚度分佈場，實現對翅片管蒸發器在干、濕和霜工況下的動態模擬。

The combustion parameters such as co - volume and impetus of the studied explosives were obtained through two methods, one is the standard closed bomb test ( cbt ) and the other is theoretic calculating with vlwr eos. the calculated values agreed well with experimental data

研究採用密閉爆發器實驗對炸藥的燃燒性能參數（如火藥力、余容等）進行了測試，並採用vlwr狀態方程方法對這些燃燒參數進行了熱力學計算，獲得與實驗吻合的燃燒性能參數。

Analysis is made on structure characteristics of the finned - tube, and analysis has been made on the special heat and mass transfer principle of every micro - unit under both dry and wet conditions. appropriate hypothesis is made and based on the energy, mass and momentum equivalent, the evaporator models of dynamic distributed parameters are set up. in addition, the gascooler and internal exchanger models of dynamic and distributed parameters, the throttling valve models and the compressor models are set up, too

本文的內容如下： 1對翅片管蒸發器的結構特點進行分析，選取適當的微元體，對于干、濕工況下每個微元分別進行傳熱傳質分析，通過適當的假設，利用質量守恆方程、能量守恆方程和動量守恆方程建立了蒸發器的分佈參數數學模型；對回熱器劃分微元建立了分佈參數數學模型；對氣體冷卻器建立了分佈參數數學模型；對壓縮機建立了數學模型；建立了節流閥的數學模型，為系統模擬奠定了基礎。

At same time macroscopical and microcosmic mathematical model of nitridation are investigated. in this paper the thermodynamics of direct - nitridation, effect of temperature and nitrogen ambience on nitridaton and self - diffusion are discussed in the theory of physical chemistry in detail

同時本文用物理化學的原理討論了矽片氮氣直接氮化的熱力學方程、氮化條件的理論根據和原子的自擴散，從理論上證明隨溫度升高氮化加劇，氣氛純度越高氮化越容易的結論。

The course begins with the basics of compressible fluid dynamics, including governing equations, thermodynamic context and characteristic parameters

本課程從可壓縮流體動力學的基礎開始講起，內容包括控制方程，熱力學背景知識和特性參數。

The mutual effect potential among particles expresses the mechanical and thermal properties. eos can be obtained by the mutual effect potential and by taking advantage of the correlated theory of thermodynamics. so we can see that the relationship between eos and the mutual effect potential is tight and the research of the relationship is an important branch in the basic field

粒子間相互作用勢反映了組成物質系統的粒子間的力學及熱學特性，通過粒子間的相互作用勢，利用相關熱力學理論可以得到物態方程，所以物態方程和粒子間相互作用勢關系緊密，對它們的研究，也是物理學中的一個基礎課題和重要內容。

Firstly, under the condition of constant viscous dissipation, the field coordination equation was induced for steady laminar convective heat transfer by the conditional variational principle based on the extremum principle of heat transport potential capacity dissipation

首先在粘性耗散一定的條件下以熱量傳遞勢容耗散取得極值為優化目標，運用變分方法導出了層流對流換熱場協同方程。

A general solution of the thermodynamic energy of systems of gas, magnetic dielectric, dielectric, and of battery was found by working from thermodynamics first law ' s different forms in different matter systems, by using equation of state and thermal capacity in different thermodynamics system and by solving thermodynamic energy differential equation, thus provide a method of studying other qualities in thermodynamics system

摘要通過熱力學第一定律在不同物質系統中的不同形式，利用不同熱力學系統相應的物態方程及熱容量，以及通過求解熱力學能微分方程，一般性地求解了氣體系統、磁介質系統、電介質系統、電池系統的熱力學能，為研究其他熱力學系統的特性提供了一種方法。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

In this paper, we aim at establish heat and mass coupled transfer model in the building wall, the emphasis of this study lies in creating a coupled and non - linear diferential equation system for the heat air and moisture transfer in the wall, which can be described by means of continuum mechanics and irreversible thermodynamics, the most dominant factor is moisture conten 9la gas pressure pc and temperature t, for the description of heatair and moisture transport, the general mass balance equation can be expressed by the temporal change of moisture conten 9 l, gas pressure pc and temperature t that means, in order to create a closed solvable equation system, the other additional dependencies have to be found, which the other variable depending on the variables of the solution : moisture conten 6 l gas pressure pc and temperature to the model is verified by the numerical simulation software which has been developed about building wall.,

根據節能設計要求，本文用熱力學的方法，並根據多孔介質中多相流體流動描述方面的最新研究成果? ?體積平均方程，建立了墻體熱、濕和空氣耦合熱質傳遞模型，並推導出熱、濕和空氣耦合傳遞等效擴散方程；找到建築墻體熱、濕及空氣耦合作用下熱質傳遞過程的主要影響因素濕容量_ l 、氣壓p _ c和溫度t 。開發了單體材料墻體熱質傳遞數值模擬軟體，用實測數據對軟體進行調試並對模擬計算結果進行了驗證。模擬出了單材料墻體在熱、濕和空氣耦合作用下建築墻體內的溫度和濕度分佈規律。

Besides, two particular working conditions, filling a vessel with gas and sucking gas out of a vessel, are discussed in detail, and the equations for calculating the time for gas filling and suction are presented

在工程實踐中，可根據實際氣體的臨界狀態參數，查取其壓縮性系數，計入實際氣體的狀態方程中，並將過程指數換成實際氣體的容積絕熱指數，這樣就可把結論用於實踐以解決工程問題。

Part of content about fluidized bed thermodynamic calculation in the 《 layer and fluidized combustion thermodynamic calculation standard for industrial boiler 》 ( jb / dq1060 - 83 ) are discussed the computing equation of fly ash carbon content and the thermal equilibrium equation in the dense phase considering evaporation of water of unburned coal are given. the revise necessary is provided through calculating examples

對jb / dq1060 - 83 《層狀燃燒及沸騰燃燒工業鍋爐熱力計算標準》中沸騰爐熱力計算的部分內容進行了探討，導出了沸騰層飛灰含碳量計算式和考慮未燃煤水分蒸發的沸騰層熱平衡方程，通過算例說明了修正的必要性。

A part of content about fluidized bed thermodynamic calculation in the 《 layer and fluidized combustion thermodynamic calculation standard for industrial boiler 》 ( jb / dq1060 - 83 ) are discussed the computing equation of fly ash carbon content and the thermal equilibrium equation in the dense phase considering evaporation of water of unburned coal are given. the revise necessary is provided through calculating examples

對jb / dq1060 - 83 《層狀燃燒及沸騰燃燒工業鍋爐熱力計算標準》中沸騰爐熱力計算的部分內容進行了探討，導出了沸騰層飛灰含碳量計算式和考慮未燃煤水分蒸發的沸騰層熱平衡方程，通過算例說明了修正的必要性。

The research objective is to improve the control system performance through the combination of the advanced control strategy with the meaningful information mined from the history operation database. firstly, a new solution for the control performance enhancement is presented by the reference of the kdd technology. aiming at practical application, a novel boiler load control method, which combines the multiple model adaptive control strategy with the data mining technology, is put forward in this dissertation

本文第一部分為熱工過程式控制制與數據信息採掘，研究的重點是通過先進控制策略的應用以及運行數據中發掘的有用信息，提高現有典型熱工過程式控制制系統的性能，內容包括：首次提出了借鑒數據信息採掘技術的思路和方法，用於完善現有的熱力系統優化控制方案；在此基礎上結合生產實際，提出了運用多模型自適應策略實施鍋爐負荷控制，並利用關聯規則的數據信息採掘方法，通過對燃料發熱量信息的在線診斷，優化控制器結構，同時實現鍋爐燃燒配風的自適應調整，提高負荷、燃燒控制系統性能。

To prove the accuracy of the mach number, and the parameter homogeneity of the design nozzle " s exit, cfd calculate has carried on the design results. under the condition of supersonic and hypersonic flow, and a certain range of temperature, and mach number, the conclusion of the influence of specific heat to nozzle design is drawn

為了驗證所設計的噴管出口馬赫數的大小和噴管出口流場的均勻性，採用nnd格式和b l湍流模型求解雷諾平均n - s方程，對設計結果進行了cfd驗算，得出了在一定溫度范圍內，超音速、高超聲速流動的條件下，不同馬赫數范圍內變比熱容對噴管型面和噴管出口馬赫數的影響。

In the second chapter, the conceptions of solids - - - - - - - structure, compressibility, expansivity, specific heat capacity, bulk modulus, and some nonlinear parameters are reviewed and elaborated. the basic theory in the broad sense and polynomial forms of eoss are stated

由於本論文研究的重點對象是固態物質系統的物態方程，所以第二章首先是對固體的有關概念? ?固體的結構、拉伸壓縮、熱膨脹、熱容量、及表徵組成固體的大量原子作非諧性振動的一些非線性參量? anderson - gr （

A number of factors will affect efficiency of the biosorption, and these factors were studied in chapter three, including the ph value, initial biomass loading and content of heavy metal ions, ion strength of the solution, etc. although the research for new and innovative treatment technologies has focus attention on the metal binding capacities of various biomass, the exact interaction between the ligands of the metal uptake process and the description of the thermal properties of the biosorption remain essentially unknown

藻類對重金屬離子的吸附效率受藻類細胞表面及溶液的物理化學狀態的影響，本文從ph 、藻粉的起始含量及重金屬離子的起始濃度、離子強度等四個方面做了研究。第四章是大型海藻生物吸附平衡的熱力學研究，我們對平衡數據做了langmuir方程的回歸分析，得到了兩種海藻吸附各重金屬離子的最大吸附容量；我們還以cu為例研究了溫度對吸附容量的影響，並計摘要算了其吸附熱。

State equation and thermal capacity of a dusty plasma

塵埃等離子體狀態方程及其熱容量研究

The computer programme worked out this way has been applied in the measurement of gas temperature at the outlet of a certain high heat - tolerance combustor, obtaining the outlet temperature field

根據此方法編制的計算機程序已應用於某高熱容燃燒室出口燃氣溫度測量中，獲得了燃燒室出口溫度場。