熱料含率 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [rèliàohánlǜ]
熱料含率
英文
cullet adding-
Therrnogravimetric analysis at heating rates 5, 10, 15 and 20 c / min was used to study the decomposition kinetics of the pdms / pma ipn in ni and in air by using tg and dtg, and the upper limit of the temperature was 700 c. it was found that ipn began to decomposite at 350 c. the process of the thermal degradation was multiple steps, the curve of the rate of thermal decomposition had two peaks, one of which lied between 400 c ~ 420 c and the other lied between 500 c ~ 540 c, the result corresponded to the components of ipn
在熱分解動力學研究中，通過在兩種氣氛中，分別以5 、 10 、 15和20 min四種升溫速率條件下，採用tg - dtg聯動測試， ipn材料在350開始熱分解。熱分解速率存在兩個峰值，一個分解峰值在400 420之間，另一個在500 540之間，這與ipn結構中包含兩組分相對應，同時發現當緩慢升溫時，特別是在空氣氣氛中，兩個分解峰減弱，熱分解趨向於一個連續過程。Sicp / al matrix composites, with 5, 15 and 25 % volume fraction of sic particles, were prepared by vacuum hot - pressing sintering processing in this paper. based on mechanics properties, sem observation and energy dispersive x - ray analysis, the interface reaction phenomenon of sicp / al composites made by vacuum hot - pressing sintering, as well as the reinforcement and fracture mechanisms of this composite were analyzed. the dynamic responses of sipc / al composites were studied by a split hopkinson high - speed pressure bar impact system which strain rate was from quasistatic state strain rate ( 3. 3 10 - 3s - 1 ) to dynamic state strain rate ( 5. 2 103 s - 1 )
本研究以武裝直升飛機防護裝甲材料為研究對象，採用真空熱壓粉末冶金燒結工藝制備了含sic顆粒體積分數分別為5 、 15和25的sic顆粒增強鋁基復合材料，結合其力學性能、掃描電鏡和界面微區能譜分析結果，分析了sic _ p al復合材料的真空燒結過程中的界面現象，以及材料增強和斷裂機理，並利用hopkinson高速壓桿沖擊實驗系統對其從靜態到動態（應變率為3 . 3 10 ~ （ - 3 ） s ~ （ - 1 ） 5 . 2 10 ~ 3s ~ （ - 1 ） ）的壓縮破壞響應進行了研究，分析了不同體積分數sic _ p al復合材料高應變率壓縮載荷下，材料的變形和微觀損傷機理，以及利用高速沖擊空氣炮測定了改復合材料制備剃度復合板的穿透性能。Its principle is : a laminated structure ( beam or plate ) with delamination consists of undelaminated region and delaminted region which can be divided to upper and lower parts. when a low - amplitude and high - frequency excitation has the frequency close to some part ' s natural frequency, this part will resonate and certain amount of mechanical energy will convert to heat so that the delaminated region ' s temperature exceeds greatly that of the undelaminated region. therefore the delamination can be located by means of infrared thermograph
其原理是具有脫層的層合材料構件（梁或板）包含脫層區域及未脫層區域，脫層區域分為上下兩部分，若對層合材料構件施加小振幅、高頻率的振動激勵，當激勵頻率恰好接近其中一部分的固有頻率時，該部分就會產生共振響應，部分機械能將轉化為熱能，使脫層區域的溫度遠高於未脫層區域，藉助紅外熱像儀即可顯示出脫層的位置。The results indicated that the dimension, shape and purity of base material could meet the functional demand of solid lubricant ; the thermal decomposition temperature of ptfe resin exceeds 400 c, but organic and inorganic packing filler added in ptfe made the water absorption rate of composite material increased, melting temperature and decomposition temperature decreased, in the meanwhile oxidative decomposition reaction was accompanied ; polar groups such as c = o, c - o - c and so on in the carbon fiber surface is advantageous to increase compatibility with other components and interlayer shearing strength ; uniform design experimental method could help to find the relationship between formula and frictional property by relatively small tests. the developing trend of each formula ' s friction coefficient could be showed by fitting curve ; the friction coefficient with no copper powder or graphite in formula was relatively big. this fact showed that copper powder and graphite should be used cooperatively ; it was found that when the ratio of copper powder to graphite by weight is 15 : 60, 30 : 30 - 40 and 60 : 15 - 30 respectively, the friction coefficient was relatively small. the degree of crystallinity of pure ptfe reached maximum by air cooling and the abrasion loss also reached maximum among three ones ; at the same time, the abrasion loss of solid lubricant sample was also the biggest among three ones ; when solid lubricant matched with 45 # steel axle or gcrl5 steel axle, lubricant transfer film could be formed on metal surface, thus direct contact between the surface of metal friction pair rings was reduced. their working life was elongated extremely ; there was mainly much graphite, a little ptff, moo3, feso4, cus and so on in lubricant transfer film
試驗結果表明：所選原料的尺寸、形狀及純度可滿足固體潤滑劑的性能要求；聚四氟乙烯樹脂熱分解溫度超過400 ，但在ptfe中加入無機填料會使復合材料吸水率提高，熔融溫度及分解溫度降低，且伴有氧化分解反應；碳纖維表面含有c = o及c - o - c等極性基團，有利於提高其與其它組分的相容性，提高層間剪切強度；均勻設計試驗方法能夠用較少的試驗次數找出配方與摩擦性能間的關系，擬合曲線基本能表示各配方的摩擦系數發展趨勢；配方中不加銅粉或不加石墨，其摩擦系數均較高，說明銅粉和石墨應該配合使用；當銅粉15份、石墨60份時，銅粉30份、石墨30 - 40份時，銅粉60 、石墨15 - 30份時，摩擦系數均具有較低值；純聚四氟乙烯樹脂在空氣冷卻時結晶度最大，磨損量也是三者中最大的；同時，固體潤滑劑試樣在空氣冷卻時的磨損量也是三者中最大的：不論是固體潤滑劑與45 #鋼軸配副或是固體潤滑劑鑲嵌入銅套后與gcr15鋼軸配副，在金屬表面均可形成潤滑轉移膜，從而減少金屬摩擦副表面間的直接接觸，大大延長其使用壽命;轉移膜中主要含有較多的石墨、少量聚四氟乙烯、 moo 。When the amt concentration was below 3phr ( 3g amt / 100g epoxy resin ), the cte values of composites decreased from 0 to 20 % of that of pure epoxy, however, the light transmittancies in near ir region of composites were more than 80 % of that of the pristine epoxy, indicating that epoxy / amt exfoliated nanocomposites could be used as packaging materials for optoelectronic devices
對剝離型納米復合材料的熱膨脹系數進行了研究，隨著粘土含量的增加體系熱膨脹系數顯著下降，且仍保持較好的光學透明性。表明粘土納米復合是一種很好的制備高透光率和低膨脹系數的光電器件包裝用環氧樹脂基復合材料的方法。Through the research of crosslinking of matrix resin, heating treatment of composite and mixing of different polymer, we draw some conclusions : 1 、 percolation theory can explain the phenomenon of the jump of resistance when the content of cb reach a critical volume ; 2 、 based on ohm conduct theory, abounded to the percolation the wbibull statistical theory and other theory, an adapted theory was obtained to explain the jump of resistance and the other phenomenon ; 3 、 the ntc phenomenon was eliminated by crosslinking the matrix of conductive composite, at the same time the stability of composite was improved
通過對基體樹脂的交聯、復合材料的熱處理、聚合物共混物的研究得出了如下的結論： 1 、滲濾理論能夠很好的解釋導電粒子含量達到某一值時電導率劇增的問題； 2 、在歐姆導電模型的基礎上，綜合應用了weibull統計理論模型，結合原來的體積膨脹等理論，成功的解釋了ptc復合材料在基體材料熔點附近的跳變問題、 ntc現象以及熱循環穩定性等問題； 3 、有機ptc導電復合材料經硅烷交聯以後能夠消除ntc現象，改善了導電復合材料的穩定性能。Abstract : during the heating of scrap with carbon or hydrocarbon contented substances in some process, it will bring problems like explosion of carbon monoxide, fume and smell from oil volatilization, etc. ， if incomplete combustion occurs. through laboratory experiments, the time related variation of gas contents and post combustion ratio of fume during the heating of oil - bearing scrap are studied. the results show that the restrictive chain of reaction procedure is the thermolysis of oil ; that temperature and ( co ) / ( co2 ) ratio influence transformation ratio and post - combustion ratio under lower temperature ; that 900 is the temperature above which the complete reaction can be ensured at all ( co ) / ( co2 ) ratios
文摘:在某些廢鋼熔煉過程中，當爐料中含碳及碳氫物質且燃燒不充分時，會帶來煙氣中一氧化碳的燃爆、油污揮發時造成的煙霧、臭味等問題.通過實驗室裝置研究含油廢鋼在加熱過程中煙氣成分隨時間的改變以及二次燃燒率的變化，試驗結果表明，反應過程的限制性環節是油分的熱分解；在較低的溫度下（ co ） / （ co2 ）比例影響轉化率和二次燃燒率；而在任意比例下保證充分反應的溫度為900以上From experimental result, i preliminarily know that eps is good thermal insulation material because the absorption of water is low and heat insulation is good, it is practicable at preserving temperature field of frozen earth roadbed and bringing frozen disaster under control ; second, according to the analysis of the eps that is applied into practical project, i have studied the practical effect which eps preserve roadbed temperature field, and the influence that was made after building field. i have get that eps can influence moisture content and frozen upper limit, through practical measuring data, i have studied freezing and expanding quantity and melting and submerging quantity during a complete frozen and melting cycle as well as have expanded and proved the practical application effect of eps with some reference significance to deep research of some connected problems. finally, through computer data analysis, setting up the analytical model of finite unit, i have simulated the temperature field of roadbed heat preservation, then expounded and proved that the height of embankment influenced the effect of thermal insulation material
其一是對聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（ eps ）保溫板以及天然路基土層、路堤填料進行了室內試驗分析，結合國內外現在的有關科研成果，綜合確定其各項特徵參數；從試驗結果初步認識到聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料是一種吸水率低，隔熱性好的保溫材料，在凍土路基溫度場的保護和凍害治理方面是可行的；其二通過eps保溫板在現場工程實踐中的應用分析，研究了保溫板在保護路基土層溫度場的實際效果以及修築路堤后造成的影響，保溫板對土體含水量、凍結上限的影響，通過實測資料，研究了在一個完整的凍融周期內整個路基的凍脹量和融沉變形量，論證了保溫板的實際應用效果，對有關問題的進一步研究和相關工程設計具有參考意義；其三，通過計算機數值分析，建立有限元分析模型，對保溫路基的溫度場進行了模擬計算，論證了路堤高度對保溫材料效果的影響。The average thermal intensity inside the particle is obtained based on the solution of the temperature field inside the particle. the effective thermal conductivities for composites with different particulate geometry are calculated by using the prediction formula
在求解顆粒復合材料不同形狀夾雜內溫度場的基礎上，進而求解其夾雜相的平均溫度梯度，利用有效熱導率的預測公式，對含不同形狀夾雜的復合材料進行數值計算從而得到其有效熱導率。The experiment results show that the samples can not be sintered when the addition phases were in a very low level, and their strength and thermal shock resistance performance were neither, there were too much liquid phase created when the addition phases were in a high level, it can decrease the pore rate of the samples, and the space for structure adjusting during thermal shock, resulting in the decrease of their thermal shock resistance performance
實驗發現，當外加劑含量較少時，樣品的燒結程度低，強度不理想，抗熱震性能不好。外加劑含量過多則生成過多的液相，使樣品的氣孔率大大減小，減少了材料在熱沖擊過程中的結構調整空間，從而降低了材料的抗熱震性能。And another brake material formula also can be achieved in which the carbon fiber was replaced by the wood fiber based on the researching of the effect of fibre, resin and filler in multi - fibres hybrid composite test result shows that the formula material have a relatively suitable friction coefficient ( ranging around 0. 35 ), good fade resistance and recovery as well as low wear ratio. by comparing the formula material with the product of national and abroad sold in the market, its low cost and excellent properties make a bright prospect
在研究各種纖維、樹脂和填料對混雜纖維復合摩擦材料摩擦學性能影響的基礎上，本文研製開發出分別適用於中重型車與中小型車用的剎車摩擦材料的最佳配方和一種含木纖維的多種纖維混雜復合摩擦材料的最佳配方。將所選配方的剎車材料與市售的國內外品牌剎車片進行對比，結果表明本課題所開發研製的摩擦材料的摩擦系數都在0 . 35左右，具有很好的摩擦系數穩定性和抗熱衰退性，磨損率也較小，綜合考慮到配方試樣原料成本較低，在性價比上具有一定的優勢。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。The calculation program using the matlab has been worked out to get the numerical solutions of the proposed models. the experiment has first been conducted in the laboratory to get the fundamentals thermal and moisture properties ( such as materials density, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity ) and also the material moisture absorption isotherms of adobe building materials. the methods of measuring the surface mass transfer coefficient and material moisture content have been proposed
首次對生土建築材料物性參數進行了實驗測試，得到了常用生土建築材料的密度、比熱和導熱系數等參數值，得到了生土建築圍護結構的等溫吸濕平衡曲線的擬合函數關系式；此外，研究了生土建築圍護結構表面質交換系數實驗測定方法，探索了利用電阻率測量生土建築圍護的安窪築科技人學博十學位論文結構內部含濕量的測試方法。B ) the concept of ratio of conversion ; c ) effect of temperature and residence time on tar conversion ratio ; increasing the temperature and residence time is beneficial to tar cracking, and the effect is not evidence when t > 900c and > 1. 0s d ) effect of cracking temperature on the tar conversion ratio with sic ; e ) effect of different catalyst on the tar conversion ratio ; some catalyst was test in the experimental system and dolomite is a most promising one
研究了生物質焦油含量隨熱解溫度和生物質原料的變化趨勢，提出了生物質焦油裂解率的概念、探討了不同條件（熱解溫度、停留時間）下熱裂解的效果和不同催化劑，不同反應條件下對焦油催化裂解效果的影響，催化劑在使用過程中由於積碳、中毒等原因會使得活性喪失，本文針對催化劑活性的喪失以及再生進行丁試驗研究和理論分析。Moreover, there are good fitted power function relationship between thermal conductivity and soil water content, soil water suction and salt concentration. meanwhile, based on the measured data of soil water content and soil temperature distribution under temperature - controlled conditions, according to philip ' s empirical equation, through difference method, the water diffusivity under temperature gradient was calculated, which can be expressed as a power function of temperature
此外，研究表明，導熱率與土壤含水率、土壤水吸力、含鹽濃度之間均存在良好的冪函數關系；在取得一定溫控條件下的土壤水分與溫度分佈實測資料的基礎上，根據philip經驗方程，通過差分法計算得出溫差作用下的水分擴散率，該參數可表示為溫度的冪函數形式。Determination of stead - state thermal transmissivity of a moist building material
含濕建築材料穩態傳熱率的測定In the second part, the reliability research on electronic packaging was concentrated with finite element method ( fem ) on moisture diffusion in plastic materials, die cracking of flip - chip with no - flow underfill and thermal performance of high power electronic components. in the last chapter, the design tool for advanced electronic package was studied. the main conclusions in the second part are as follows
論文第二部分電子封裝可靠性研究包含對塑封材料中水汽擴散研究、填充不流動膠的倒裝焊晶元可靠性研究以及大功率器件散熱問題研究三方面內容，最後為實現封裝設計標準化和自動化，研究了若干最主要的電子封裝構型的參數化有限元建模、加載和相應的求解方法。In the wrscs, the self - consistent model is used to describe the complex configurations of the particulate composite and the temperature field is solved by weighted residual collocation method with some proper simplifications. this method provides a more efficient way of setting up the algebraic equations corresponding to the governing differential equations. the prediction formula for the effective thermal conductivity of the composite is obtained
權殘自洽方法可以用於描述不同形狀夾雜的復合材料的微觀結構，通過對不同幾何形狀角點做適當的圓弧化處理，採用加權殘值數值計算方法的配點法將求解微分控制方程變為求解線性方程組，進而得到任意形狀夾雜內部的溫度場，建立含不規則形狀夾雜的復合材料有效熱導率的預測公式。The results show that the optimal processing of 6061 aluminum foams which have structural uniformity and controlled porosity is the foaming temperature 620 - 690, heating rate 45 / min - 60 / min and heat preservation time is 12 - 18min. according to pore size tih2 content is chosen. when pore size is big, tih2 content is high and heat preservation time is short, vice versa
研究結果表明，對于實驗採用的6061鋁合金粉末材料來說，加熱發泡製備出孔隙結構均勻，孔隙率可控的泡沫鋁的最優條件是，加熱溫度為620 - 690 ，保溫時間為12 - 18min ，加熱速率為45 - 60 min ， tih _ 2含量可以根據所需孔徑的大小來確定。( 2 ) the damping mechanism of multi - energy transitions takes effect when the vgcf content is among the semi - conductive area. when the vgcf content is low ( below 8 % ), the vgcf conductive circuit does not form and the heat loss is quite little. when the vgcf content is higher than 20 %, the transition efficiency between electric energy and heat is limited
這是由於當vgcf含量太少時（低於8 ） ，復合材料中導電網路還沒有來得及形成，起不到能量損耗的目的；而當vgcf含量太高時（高於20 ） ，電導率太高，復合材料成為電的良導體，電能與熱能之間的轉換效率很低，能量損耗也不高。分享友人