熱變時間 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [rèbiànshíjiān]
熱變時間
英文
cooking time-
A lot of engineering applications are carried out using our proposed method in this paper, such as thermal deformation measurement of a car lamp, analysis of the super low frequency harmonic vibration of a piezoelectric ceramic, dynamic mechanical behavior analysis of the ballistite material and so on
在前面所提出的理論基礎之上，本文對該方法在實際工程中的應用做出了大量的工作。本文利用時間序列法實現了汽車前燈配光鏡的熱變形檢測、壓電陶瓷片的超低頻振動分析以及火箭固體燃料的動態力學特性研究。In trpsin tolerance assay. this virus could resist to 1 % trpsis at 37 in an hour. in acid tolerance assay, this virus was resistant to ph3. 0 and ph5. 0 at 37 in 2 hours, and the average infection litre of the virus decreased little. in heat assay, at 50, the virus was processed from 5 minutes to 150 minutes and at each condition the viral virulence reduced to some certain degree. among these conditions, when at 50 in 30 minutes. the average infection litre of this virus decreased over 2 tilre. and when al 50 in an hour, cpe of ihis virus disappeared. when time was set for an hour. but with processed in different temperature as 50 60 70, 80, the virus losl the multiplication capacity complelely. in biological assay, we selected different cell lines to cultivate this virus by laking advantage of possesional cells at that time in our laboratory. then we found that fcwf cell line was the most sensitive to dxmv and mdck was the second. with f81 cell line, after passaged for 12 times continuously with low concentration of fcs. the virus could produce cpe. however, with vero cell line. the virus could not procuce any cpe after many passages. the hemagglutination and lumadsorption reaction test proved that this virus had no any reaction to erythrocyte of pig, fowl and cavy. by neutrolizaion assay, dxmv could be identified as a kind of ccv
理化學研究表明，該病毒為rna病毒，對氯仿、乙醚敏感；胰酶試驗中，經37 、 1小時處理的病毒，仍然能夠在貓源細胞fcwf細胞上生長，並且毒力基本保持不變；耐酸性試驗中，病毒分別在ph5 . 0和ph3 . 0經37作用2小時，毒力僅下降一個滴度；耐熱性試驗中，該病毒在恆定溫度50 ，設定不同時間，從5分鐘到150分鐘，毒力均有不同程度下降，其中， 50作用30分鐘，病毒平均滴度下降2個單位； 50 ， 60分鐘， cpe消失；恆定時間1小時，設定不同溫度（ 50 - 60 - 70 - 80 ） ，病毒在細胞上完全喪失增殖能力， cpe消失。生物學試驗，利用實驗室現有條件，選擇不同的細胞系對該病毒進行培養，發現該病毒對貓源細胞fcwf最敏感； mdck細胞次之； f81細胞經多次傳代，亦可出現cpe ；而vero細胞則不敏感。血凝試驗表明，該病毒對豬、雞、人及豚鼠的紅細胞均無血凝性。Then the finite element equations are derived with the effective heat capacity method. common time - stepping method and precise time integration ( pti ) method are used to solve the equation
然後基於等效熱容法推導了伴有相變過程的傳熱控制方程的有限元列式，並且分別研究了用常規的時間差分法和精細積分法求解上述有限元方程。The globalization course was that the preformed texture recrystallized and became the granular equiaxed grain, when the temperature rose and the holding time prolonged, the granular grain melted at some area and at the liquid - solid interface the grain globalized at the role of the curvature overheated
過程機制為：擠壓形變組織在加熱過程中首先發生再結晶長大變為顆粒狀等軸晶；隨溫度升高和保溫時間延長，等軸晶發生局部熔化，液固界面的曲率過熱使晶粒外形向球狀轉變。According to the nb - si phase diagram, the temperature of 1550 ?, which is lower than the eutectoid transformation temperature of nbssi ( 1783 ? ), is chosen for heat - treatment. according to the present conditions of the furfaces, heat - treatment by stages is first proposed for the nb - si system intermetallic composites to keep the furface in good conditions. the results indicate that the equilibrium nb + nbssia dual - phase microstructure of the nb - si system intermetallics forms gradually via such eutectoid reaction as nbasi ? nb + nbssis with the heat - treatment time
根據nb - si二元相圖，選擇略低於nb _ 3si共析轉變溫度t _ f = 1783的1550對鑄態nb - si系金屬間化合物進行不同時間（ 25h - 100h ）的熱處理，並根據目前國內和我院熱處理爐的現狀，首次提出採用分段熱處理的方法來解決nb - si合金熱處理溫度高、連續熱處理時間過長而影響熱處理爐壽命的困難。The temperature rise at the center of a massive concrete wall is calculated by using the adiabatic rise of temperature and heat conduction equations of concrete based on the equivalent time, and considering effects of temperature on the hydration heat reaction ratio and creep characteristics of early - age concrete
摘要基於等效時間的混凝土絕熱溫升、熱傳導方程，考慮溫度對早期混凝土水化熱化學反應速率和徐變特性的影響，計算了大體積混凝土墻中心的溫升。This paper use the ncep / ncar day - to - day reanalysis data of 500hpa high field and so on, choose ural mountain, baikal, okhotsk as the key district, the mid - high latitude of eurasia circulation courses that have long duration ( scale of time is middle, namely during 10 - 30 day ), maybe continue continuously after being intermittence of 1 - 2 days in middle, appear repeatedly is for research object, define an index " i " of the circulation pattern over mid - high latitude of eurasia. a method is proposed to identify the summer typical persistent circulation pattern at 500hpa levels over eurasia mid - high latitude. the climate characteristics of those typical persistent circulation patterns are studied
本文利用ncep / ncar再分析逐日500hpa高度場等資料，選擇烏拉爾山、貝加爾湖、鄂霍次克海這三個地方作為關鍵區，以夏季歐亞中高緯度持續時間長（時間尺度屬于中間時間尺度，即10 ? 30天之間） 、中間可能會間歇1 、 2天然後又繼續持續、反復出現的環流過程為研究對象，定義了一個夏季歐亞中高緯流型指數，在此基礎上提出了一種對夏季歐亞中高緯500hpa典型持續流型的界定方法，研究了典型持續流型的氣候特徵，分析了流型指數的年代際變化，以及對應不同階段、不同流型的降水場、加熱場、海溫場等的主要特徵。The following results were found, i. e., the water ratio affects obviously the acoustic wave velocity of rock sample ; the wave velocity is higher in saturated rock samples than in unsaturated ones ; and it decreases gradually with the strain of samples during uniaxial compression ; and also with the lengthening holding time at 160 ; when heating the samples the acoustic wave velocity increases slightly in initial stage and comes to the peak value at 60, then decreases gradually with increasing temperature ; meantime, there is a certain temperature effect on rock samples size
實驗發現含水率對波速影響比較大，飽和巖樣的聲波傳播速度高於不飽和巖樣的聲波傳播速度；人工預制裂紋對聲波傳播速度影響不大；單軸壓縮條件下，聲波傳播速度隨應變增加逐漸降低；在同一溫度（ 160 ）下，波速隨保溫時間的增加而逐漸降低；在對巖樣逐漸加熱情況下，初始加熱階段波速略有升高，當溫度達到60時，巖樣波速達到峰值，之後隨著溫度繼續升高其波速逐漸下降；波速隨溫度變化具有一定的尺寸效應。At the same time, the conductivity factor and the entropy of phase change of the solidation fatty alcohol were measured separately by using the time - temperature curve and dsc
同時利用時間-溫度曲線法和dsc測定了固化十二醇的導熱系數與相變焓。That means the controlled temperature al1ow waving in a range in a period. when the change of the temperature indoor is out of the range we enacted, the system begin to regulatc. compensate the windage last time leave behind } before decide the heatsupply parameter for the next time
即允許被控室內溫度在一段時間內存在一定幅度的波動，當室溫變化幅度超過設定值時系統開始調節，在確定下一時間段的供熱參數之前對上一時間段的遺留偏差在短時間內給予補償。4 ) air - sea interaction retain its character throughtout the seasonal cycle in the tropical pacific, but it is not the same in the north pacific ; and there are also relationships in the two areas : 1 ) for the interdecadal time scale, there is the same abrupt change both in the north pacific and in the tropical pacific, especially in winter
4 ）熱帶太平洋區域海氣相互作用有較好的季節一致性；而北太平洋區域海氣相互作用季節差異較大。區域間主要聯系為： 1 ）兩個區域主要的年代際躍變點出現時間接近，這在冬季反映最明顯。In this article, according to heat conduction theory, elastic creep theory and finite element theory, the temperature field and creep stress field in the arch dam during construction and operation are simulated and analyzed by means of three dimensional finite element relocating mesh method, and the distribution law of the temperature field and creep stress field in the arch dam during construction and operation are systematically studied, and according to the construction process of concrete arch dam, the effect of lamination placement, construction interval, elastic modulus change, thermal insulation change, surrounding temperature change, concrete creep and autogenous volume change on thermal stress in the arch dam are also considered
論文根據熱傳導理論、彈性徐變理論及有限元理論，用三維有限元浮動網格法對拱壩施工期和運行期溫度場、徐變應力場進行了全過程模擬分析，較為系統的研究了混凝土拱壩施工期和運行期溫度場、徐變應力場的分佈規律，在分析中按照混凝土拱壩施工過程，考慮了混凝土分層澆築、施工間隙時間、彈模變化、絕熱溫升過程、環境溫度的變化、混凝土徐變、自生體積變形等因素對壩體溫度應力的影響。Observation of the on - off sequencing of characteristic spectral lines from tracer materials arranged in layers in, or surface patterns on, planar or spherical targets can provide a record of radial or lateral energy transport processes in laser - generated plasmas
測量激光聚變靶產生的軟x射線時間變化連續譜的形狀，可以知道許多x射線產生過程的詳細動態記錄，這有助於理解實驗的熱學條件。觀察軌跡特徵譜線的閉合序列，能提供關于激光等離子體激發能量和滯后能量的傳輸過程記錄。A transfer model is established, which can be used to study the interaction between the land surface physical processes of inhomogeneous region and the structure of atmosphere boundary - layer over urban and rural terrains. the model has simulated surface heat flux, surface temperature, temperature profiles, height of mixture layer and so on. and the differences between urban area, suburban area and rural area have been compared. this model mainly depends on the parameters below : surface albedo, surface roughness coefficient, moisture available coefficient of soil, thermal capacity and thermal diffusion coefficient of errain, cloudage. the result shows that this model can simulate the structure and eigenvalues of atmosphere boundary layer and their changes in a day. parameters used in this model aim at beijing city, and the time is at the beginning of september. to other cities, or other time, the parameters should be adjusted accordingly. in addition, being adjusted, the model can also be used for other homogeneous and inhomogeneous terrains
模式主要依賴于以下參數和物理量：地面反照率下墊面粗糙度土壤的可含水量下墊面的熱容量和熱擴散系數雲量等參數。結果表明，本模式能合理地模擬不同地表熱量平衡地表氣溫混合層高度湍流交換系數湍流動能位溫廓線等，以及它們的日變化。該模式所取參數主要針對北京市，時間為九月初，對于其他城市，參數應作相應的調整。The cooling or heating loads of different conditioned zones in one system are highly diversified and variable, or the time of operation under low load is long, and the temperatures in conditioned zones need to be controlled individually
同一個空氣調節風系統中，各空調區的冷?熱負荷差異和變化大?低負荷運行時間較長，且需要分別控制各空調區溫度It is found that in the absence of dissipation and average photon number of the reservoir the linear entropies of the atom and the field varies with time periodically, going to zero at the disentanglement times, and the period is the same as that of bell function and the linear entropy of the total system is zero at any time. if the cavity dissipation and the average photon number of the reservoir is taken into account, the linear entropies of the atom and the field present local maxima and minima and the difference between them diminishes with time, tending to asymptotic values
結果表明，在忽略腔損耗和熱庫的平均光子數時，原子和場的線性熵有周期性的變化，在沒有糾纏的時刻，值為0 ，此時的周期與bell函數相同，而系統的線性熵在任何時刻都為0 ；如果考慮到腔場的損耗和熱庫的平均光子數，原子和場的線性熵有局部的最大值和最小值，它們之間的差距隨時間逐漸減小，趨向一個漸進值。It is the first time to use the conventional espi system ( neither phase shifting nor carrier is used ) to continuously analyze the super low frequency vibration with high quantitative in the world
在火箭固體燃料動態力學特性研究中，時間序列法成功的給出了固體燃料的蠕變曲線和蠕變速率曲線，並且給出了其熱變形和蠕變不同時刻的全場位移分佈。Because of the intrinsic fractional absorption of the laser energy with the conventional solid output windows for high energy lasers ( hel ), the optical quality will be degraded, or the overall hel system cannot run at all when the laser energy are far higher, or the system runs longer time
然而，由於高能激光器傳統的固體輸出窗口具有不可避免的部分吸收作用，因此，當輸出激光功率很高，或激光器長時間工作時，固體輸出窗口就會產生熱畸變、甚至炸裂或被擊穿，從而影響輸出激光的光束質量或使高能激光器根本無法工作。With the harmonic analysis method, we can find that the heat storage anomaly in the scs has about 0. 5, 1. 5, 2. 4, 4 and 6 years period oscillations besides annual change
對此時間序列進行諧波分析可以看出，南海熱含量異常除了具有顯著的年變化周期外，還存在明顯的0 . 5 、 1 . 5 、 2 . 4 、 4年和6年的變化周期。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。分享友人