燃料利用率 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [ránliàolìyònglǜ]
燃料利用率
英文
fuel utilization-
Researches into the nuclear fusion reactions has created a need for handling the deuterium tritium fuel employed, and cryogenic fractional distillation was selected as one of the best process for making the required separations due to relatively large separation factors, low power consumption, high throughputs, relatively short start - up times, and flexibility of design
受控聚變的研究已給人類展示出取得更加安全、清潔，而且是無限豐富的能源的美好前景。在廉價制取聚變燃料氘以及提高核能原料利用率的方法中，低溫精餾被認為是最經濟可行的分離氫同位素的方法。So, it is important for saving energy and reducing costs for the whole ahf unit that make full use of the fuel to raise burning furnace ' s heat efficiency
因而，充分利用燃料，提高燃燒爐熱效率，對整個裝置的節能降耗有重要意義。This paper takes the practicing - study on the new type buring furnace system as its thesis, and it emphasizes the raising efficiency of burning. in the paper, one new type burning furnace based on the new process and construction has been designed, furthmore, a new way what related auto - control system to raise fficiency has been studied
本文以燃燒爐的應用研究為課題，以提高燃燒爐燃料利用效率為重點，從系統流程和結構上研究開發出節能的新爐型，從新型燃燒爐系統的自動控制上進一步研究探討了提高熱效率的方法，重點探討了新型燃燒爐的微機自動控制。The matrix of time and space for development of hydrogen energy system in china will instruct this work comprehensively, scientifically and objectively ; for beijing case and from all the aspects of energy, environment and economy, the best plan of hydrogen energy system about fuel cell vehicles is : hydrogen is produced by natural gas steam reforming in the central factory, then transported to the refueling stations in the hydrogen tube trailer by the trucks, and filled to the fcb using hydrogen gas
這一工作應在燃料電池汽車氫能系統發展時空矩陣的指導下有計劃、有步驟地完成；燃料電池汽車在我國最早實現商業化的時間是2008年（奧運會） ，地點是北京，車型是燃料電池公共汽車。針對這一案例，綜合考慮燃料電池汽車氫能系統「從井口到車輪」全生命周期的能源利用效率、環境影響和經濟性指標，最佳的方案是：在集中制氫廠採用天然氣蒸汽重整制氫，用汽車將裝有氫氣的高壓氣瓶輸運到氫氣加註站，加註給以氫氣為燃料的燃料電池公共汽車。3. on boiler retrofit, the calculation of fuel burning, the heat calculation of boiler inside structure and convection section, and the design of structure parameter of feed water heat exchanger are made. the flue gas channels " resistance calculation and the boiler strength verifying are also carried out. replacement of water cooling wall improves heat exchanging and decreases loss of heat radiant
對鍋爐本體進行了燃料燃燒計算、爐膛結構熱力計算、對流受熱面結構熱力計算、鍋爐給水加熱器結構參數設計、煙道阻力計算及鍋爐元件強度校核等；改進了水冷壁布置使換熱效果更好，減少輻射換熱損失；改進對流段結構，更充分的利用爐膛出口煙氣余熱，提高熱效率；並且進行了煙氣阻力計算、熱效率計算和能量平衡測試，對改進后的稠油燃料和改進前進行了對比，燃燒狀況和熱效率有明顯改善。It has been indicated that as a pyrolysis gasification technology integrating combustion and gasification, it not only makes the fuel high - usage but also solves the problem of straw accumulation effectively by controlling operational parameters
中試試驗結果表明，該燃燒與氣化相結合的干餾氣化技術不但實現了較高的燃料利用率，而且可以通過控制運行參數等方式有效解決秸稈結團問題。The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory
第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。Fuel cells have the following advantages over conventional generating systems : low environmental pollution ; highly efficient power generation ; diversity of fuels ; reusability of exhaust heat ; modularity ; faster installation. recent worldwide clean - air movements have greatly increased the importance of fuel cell development
和傳統發電方式相比，燃料電池發電具有以下幾個顯著的優點：良好的環境效益；發電效率高；可用燃料的多樣性；余熱的再利用；安裝簡便可實現模塊化操作運行。Major cities in china require the taxi car to install this device to improve the environmental control
中國有些主要城市已開始要求出租車採用天然氣作為燃料來大大提高能源利用率和減少污染。We must maximise energy efficiency, use more renewable energy sources, make fossil fuels cleaner and avoid waste
我們必須最大限度地提高能源利用率，使用更多的可再生能源，使化石燃料變得更加清潔，避免浪費。The fuel cells models are presented in chapter 3. based on the balance conditions in fuel cells stack, the dynamic performance is analyzed. the dynamic model is developed with a set of correlation equations of voltage, fuel utilization, current density and other variables involved in the operating course, which are some partial differential equations with variable coefficients
第三章以熔融碳酸鹽燃料電池為例，以數值分析的方法，根據mcfc電堆發電過程中物質與電量平衡，分析了電堆的內部動態特性，就輸出電壓與燃料氣體利用率和電流密度等相關量建立了由一組變系數偏微分方程和積分方程描述的數學模型。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。Ainerican pngv ( the cooperation contract of ainerican government and auto industry circ1e ) p1an to deve1op three times fue1 efficiency of automobile at present, within 10 years. there are three major aspects of its study " first, raising the efficiency of fue1 changed into mechanical energy ; second, decreascing the vehic1e weight in order to reduce the requirement for the force of engine : thir ( 1, drawing back and uti1izing the 1oss energy of brake and s1ows down
美國pngv （美國政府和汽車工業界的合作契約的簡稱）計劃十年內開發出三倍于目前燃料效率的汽車，其研究主要從三個方面著手，一是提高燃料轉換成機械能的效率，二是降低車重減少汽車對能量的要求，三是實現再生制動，將減速及制動過程損耗的能量回收利用。That is why a slightly noisier alternative design by the same researchers that is even more fuel - efficient shows most promise
所以，同樣由研究人員提供的噪音稍大、燃料利用率高的備選方案的前景似乎最光明。Increasing fuel efficiency and finding alternatives would also limit, but not eliminate, growth in the world ' s dependence on a few countries in the middle east
提高燃料利用效率和開發替代能源，也有助於限制全球增大對中東少數國家的依賴，但無法完全消除這種依賴。Due to the increasing demand for energy and problems with fossil fuels such as high price and environmental pollutants emission and exploitation of a half of discovered resources, the necessity to find durable and clean energy sources such as wind power forced the researches to focus on more efficient harnessing of energy, or improving the quality and controllability of captured power
能源需求的不斷增長和化石燃料利用所產生的有關問題，比如原料價格高漲，環境污染以及已探明化石燃料儲量的一半已被開發利用，使得尋求諸如風能一樣的可持續的、清潔的能源非常必要，這也迫使研究人員致力於提高能源的利用率和改善能源的質量及可控性方面的研究。China also has tougher standards for fuel efficiency than america, for one
此外，中國燃料利用率的標準比其它國家更為嚴格。The result : by 2002 the average fuel efficiency of us passenger vehicles had sunk to its lowest level since 1980
其結果呢，到了2002年，美國汽車的平均燃料利用率降到了自1980年以來的最低點。Abstract : in accordance with the current thermotechnical behaviors of domestic tunnel kilns using different firing fuels, such as thermal utilization ratio and energy consumption per kilogram of porcelain, the influence of various firing fuels properties and fuel system ' s installation etc, on the kiln ' s thermotechnical behavior has been analysed in this paper. it is demonstrated that clean gaseous fuels and light oil are high quality fuels for the production of top grade fired products
文摘:從國內現有使用不同燃料的陶瓷隧道窯的熱能利用率、千克瓷能耗等熱工性能的現狀，分析了各種燃料的燃燒性能及不同的燃燒系統設置對窯爐熱工性能的影響，認為潔凈的氣體燃料和輕油是生產高檔產品的優質燃料。In summary, the application of such a system would effectively contribute to the vehicle remote monitoring and operating safety, reduce fuel consume, also drop in waste gas, make full availability of vehicles and roads
總之，該系統的應用將有效提高車輛的遠程監控及車輛運行安全，減少燃料消耗，減少廢氣排放、提高車輛、道路的利用率。分享友人