物種固定論 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wùzhǒnggùdìnglún]
物種固定論 英文
fixity of species
  • 物 : 名詞1 （東西） thing; matter; object 2 （指自己以外的人或與己相對的環境） other people; the outsi...
  • 種 : 種名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 固 : Ⅰ形容詞（結實; 牢固; 堅硬） firm; hard; solid Ⅱ副詞1 （堅決地; 堅定地） firmly; resolutely 2 [書...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 論 : 論名詞（記錄孔子及其門徒的言行的「論語」） the analects of confucius
  • 物種 : [生物學] species; speci 物種起源 origin of species; 物種起源學說 theory of origin of species; 物...
  1. In this thesis, a kind of reversible immobilization method based on the plasma - polymerized film ( ppf ) used for effective immobilization of active bio - molecules and easy reproduction of sensors is developed. the surface of quartz crystal microbalance ( qcm ) is firstly prepared with plasma - polymerized film of butyl amine by glow - charge technique and then covered with a negative - charged polyelectrolyte by self - assembling. through strong electrostatic attraction, antibodies ( antigens ) positive - charged are immobilized for the determination of antigens ( antibodies )

    本論文基於等離子體聚合膜，設計了一種既能固定生物活性物質又易於傳感器再生的可逆固定化方法，即採用輝光放電的等離子體沉積技術，先在石英晶體上沉積一層正丁胺等離子體聚合膜，再在膜上自組裝一層帶負電的聚電解質，用以靜電吸附固定抗體（抗原）測定抗原（抗體） 。
  2. Up to now, some people represent certain - position transition model in which molecular motors transition are supposed to occur at some fixed positions. the molecular motors are described by m internal states and undergo transitions at k spatial locations within the period of the molecular force potentials

    在現有的理論中，有人提出馬達在不同狀態之間躍遷發生在某些固定的位置，這就是所謂的定點躍遷理論，這種理論的假定過強，在物理上難以被人們接受。
  3. Due to these inherent advantages, ecl method has attracted much attention from all analytical fields, especially from biochemical analysis. in this dissertation we focused on the preparation of a new type of dna probes which were labeled with ecl activated substances. based on coupling with the dna hybridization and immobilization techniques, we have developed new ecl methods for the determination of special dna sequence

    本論文通過研究了多種ecl活性物質的發光性能，並以這些物質為標記物制備了多種高靈敏度的dna - ecl探針，結合dna雜交技術和dna固定化技術，將高靈敏度的ecl檢測手段應用於生命物質dna的序列識別及含量測定，為dna傳感器的研究和基因晶元的開發提供了新的思路和方法。
  4. The paper analyses the particle radial separating speed in inertia field and the dropping speed in the gravity field, determines the relations among the separating critical diameter, the rotate speed of screw, airflow speed and the radial size of separating interface, establishes and work out the separating diameter which value the separating effect of the new equipment

    根據物料的空氣阻力與離心分離理論分析了離心力場中粒子徑向分離速度及重力場中的粒子沉降速度，確定分離臨界粒徑與螺旋轉速、氣流速度及分離界面徑向尺寸等之間的關系建立了並求出了衡量此種新機型氣固二相流分離效果的衡量指標? ?分離粒徑。
  5. We research the causes of concrete cracking, develop the high performance anti - cracking additive, optimize the concrete mix and construction techniques, increase the stability of concrete volume by shrinkage compensation, enhance splitting tensile strength, and can meet demand of high workability of fresh concrete. in the study, a thorough investigation of this problem is made from all points of view, with the aid of various modern measurement & testing technology and different theories & methods in surface physical chemistry, structural chemistry, solid - state chemistry, composite materials, fracture mechanics, etc. our research results have shown that the various shrinkage of concrete cause concrete cracking in building engineering, such as autogenous shrinkage, dry shrinkage, temperature shrinkage, plastic shrinkage, carbonized shrinkage, etc

    目前，解決混凝土開裂的方法是綜合的，我們調查研究了混凝土開裂的原因，開發研製了高性能抗裂外加劑，優化混凝土的設計和施工方法，並通過補償收縮達到混凝土體積穩定，提高抗裂強度，滿足混凝土拌和物高工作性能的要求。本研究採用多種測試技術，應用表面物理化學、結構化學、固體化學、復合材料學、斷裂力學等多學科的理論與方法，從不同的角度進行深入的研究和探討。通過調查研究建築工程中出現的混凝土開裂、滲漏問題，發現混凝土在非荷載作用下開裂主要是由混凝土的自收縮、乾燥收縮、溫度收縮、塑性收縮、碳化收縮等各種收縮變形引起的。
  6. The questions the researcher concerned are which system will be chosen and how to obtain the good lithium ionic conductor materials, which is the basic departure of the paper. the addition of second phase in composite can change the interface structure and the conduction mechanism, improve the matrix conductivity and other function such as the sintering, crisping and so on, so the research of composites are an interesting field of the ionic conductors. the synthesis of lithium ionic conductor is often by solid state reaction, but this method needs high temperature and leads to the volatility of lithium which not only causes the drift of the compounds but gets the no well - distributed materials

    研究者所關注的問題是選擇新的體系進行研究，以期得到性能更好的鋰離子導體材料，這也正是本論文的基本出發點；復合離子導體中第二相的加入改善了基質的界面結構和導電機制，不僅可以提高基質材料的電導率，還可以在一定程度上改善材料的其它性能，如燒結性能、脆性和機械強度等。因此復合材料的研究是離子導體一個有廣闊前景的發展方向；合成鋰離子導體，特別是成分復雜的體系以傳統的固相合成法為主，但這種方法需要較高的溫度，容易引起鋰的揮發，從而造成產物組成的偏移，而且不易得到顯微結構均勻的材料。
  7. This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

    本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。
  8. The rebuild method for boiler body, burning system, oil burning system, chemic water treatment system, circular water system, electricity generated and transported system, coal transported system, dust eliminated system and electric system have been given out. the solid waste, smoke, waste water and the dust prevented method are studied. the benefits for economy, society and environment after rebuilding are analyzed

    本文從國際能源發展趨勢及龍鳳熱電廠的目前現狀出發，論述了油改煤工程的必要性和可行性;對油改煤的四種鍋爐轉型方案進行了科學的分析和論證，確定了立式旋風爐改造方案;給出了鍋爐本體、燃燒系統、燃油系統、化學水處理系統、循環水系統、發送電系統、輸煤系統、除灰系統、電氣系統的具體改造方案;研究了固體廢物、煙氣、廢水及煤塵的污染防止措施;分析了改造后經濟效益、社會效益及環境效益。
  9. In this thesis, several new fluorescence carriers have been synthesized bearing a carbon chain with a terminal double bond introduced into the molecule and copolymerized with a monomer under uv irradiation on the silanized glass or quartz disk. the sensors prepared were studied. covalent immobilization effectively prevents the leakage of the carrier dye from the sensor membrane, a phenomenon that shortens the lifetime of ordinary optical sensors

    本論文合成了幾種含末端雙鍵、可共價固定的新型熒光化合物，並以此作為熒光指示劑，與膜基質單體在光引發劑作用下發生光聚反應共聚在經過硅烷化處理的石英或普通玻片上製成光極膜，制備了對一些物質有響應的熒光化學傳感器。
  10. The study of one - dimensional ( 1d ) materials has become a potential frontier in nanoscience and nanotechnology in the last few years. this thesis focuses on developing new nano - biomaterials and their immobilization strategies in biosensor - fabricating for the purpose of improving the performance and long - term stability of biosensors. therefore, nano - sized flower - like zno ( chapter 2 ) and zno nano - rods ( chapter 3, 4 ) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and a solvothermal route, respectively

    本研究論文主要是通過發展新型的生物納米材料及其固定方法，以達到改進固定生物組分活性、提高傳感器靈敏度等目的，以此為出發點分別用水（第2章）和乙醇（第3 、 4章）做溶劑，利用溶劑熱法合成了片狀和棒狀的納米zno ，這兩種方法均具有實驗操作簡單、環境污染少、成本低、產率高等優點;這兩種方法所得到的材料均成功應用於生物傳感器的構建（酚類、過氧化氫、葡萄糖傳感器） 。
  11. This part emphasizes the synthesis of nanoarrays, aiming at controlling the size and distance of nanocrystallites using calixarene derivatives by altering the size, length and chemical structure of the organic molecules ; 2. this part emphasizes in situ synthesis strategy for fabrication of polymer network of zns based nanopowder, aiming at size controls, coating and preventing agglomeration following " one - pot " synthesis ; this method fits to low cost, large scale production ; 3. according to development in zno nanomaterials, we first report on the synthesis, characterization of amorphous zno, aiming at describing the principles and approaches of synthesis techniques, optical properties, spatial structure and doped effect ; the amorphous zno displays cage - like structure, showing a strong ultraviolet emission while the visible emission is nearly fully quenched, a potential uv - emission material ; 4

    本論文以量子結構自組裝為出發點，提出利用杯芳烴及其衍生物的化學受限反應實現尺寸可調半導體納米粒子自組裝；提出有機聚合網路原位組裝zns基納米熒光粉方法，把熒光粉的納米化、包敷、防團聚在「一鍋」反應中完成，適于低成本，批量生產；根據當前zno的研究情況，我們首次合成了非晶zno ，研究了它的光學性質，確定了它的結構，並對其摻雜進行了初步的研究，非晶zno表現出強的深紫外發光特性，而可見發射非常弱，是一種有巨大潛在應用價值的深紫外發光材料；利用非晶zno的亞穩特性，對晶化過程中非晶zno納米晶zno三維受限量子結構特性，界面特性進行了深入的研究；利用固相熱分解一般受擴散控制特性，實現了尺寸可控的zno三維量子結構的自組裝；利用非晶zno的高度分散性，容易均勻成膜特性，實現了非晶籽晶誘導低溫液相外延自組裝生長高取向zno晶體薄膜。
  12. Aiming at the problems existed in immobilization technique of biosensors, this research developed a series of new immobilization matrixes to improve the perfomance and long - term stability of biosensors. the details are summarized as follows : 1. in chapter 2, a urease sensor based on pvc - nh2 matrix ph - sensitive membrane has been proposed

    針對生物傳感器固定技術中存在的問題，本研究工作致力於發展新型生物材料固定方法，以達到改進固定生物材料性能、延長傳感器使用壽命等目的，本論文主要研究工作包括: 1 .在第2章中，報道了一種新型脲酶傳感器。
  13. The following results are achieved : ( 1 ) in accordance with the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules, considering the number of covalent bond pairs on the strongest bond in a segregation structure na, the elements for matrix - strengthening can be chosen. ( 2 ) on the basis of the available phase - equilibrium thermodynamics calculation of alloy system and phase diagrams, which have been worked out, the contents of alloy elements can be identified with reference to the types, quantity and phase - transformation of carbides. ( 3 ) both the values relating to toughness ( including bending strength, yield strength, impact value of unnotched samples ) and hardness of new dm9 die steel are higher than those of crl2mov die steel

    結果得出： （ 1 ）根據固體與分子經驗電子理論，利用偏聚結構單元的最強共價鍵上的共用電子對數n _ a ，可以選擇工模具鋼基體相的強化元素； （ 2 ）根據合金系相平衡熱力學計算及已有的相圖，可以碳化物類型、數量及其相變確定合金元素含量； （ 3 ）新型dm9鋼在強韌性（抗彎強度、屈服強度、無缺口沖擊值）和硬度方面均高於cr12mov鋼； （ 4 ）以dm9鋼與6crw2si 、 7cr2wmovsi （ dm7 ） 、 h13和cr12mov四種模具鋼的實驗比較，進一步驗證了上述冷作模具鋼合金設計方案是合適的。
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