特例市 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tèlìshì]
特例市 英文
special cities of japan
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 市 : 同 「黻」[fú]
  • 特例 : special case
  1. Singapore ' s securities market is one of the most important international securities markets in asia, which is specialized for the role of its exchange, the relationship between its main board and sesdaq, the requirements on the listing companies ' capital sum, period of concern, the ratio of public holding or distribution of the shares, and the period of moratorium

    摘要新加坡證券市場是亞洲重要的國際化證券市場之一，其證交所的角色定位、證券市場板塊設置以及關于上市公司股本、經營歷史、公眾持股、股權分佈比例、鎖股期等方面的規則頗具特色。
  2. The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man

    本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。
  3. Next, it analyses the theoretic foundations of internal control : theory of clientage and corporate governance, and explain the importance and significance of establishing internal control considering the actual conditions of china. then, starting from the evolution of internal control theories, author brings forward goals framework and elements framework of modern enterprise ' s internal control system linking with connotations of modern enterprise system and characteristics of new economics. last, applying the case of zhengbaiwen, author analyses the problems and causes of chinese listing corporations " internal control system and advances counter measurements

    引言是破題之論，明確了本文寫作的出發點；其次，分析了內部控制產生的理論基礎:委託代理理論和公司治理結構理論，結合現實說明了內部控制體系構建的必要性和意義:然後，從內部控制理論的歷史演進入手，結合現代企業制度的內涵和新經濟時代的特徵，搭建了我國現代企業內部控制體系的目標框架和要素框架;最後，通過鄭百文內控失控的案例分析，引出我國上市公司內部控制體系存在的問題和現狀，分析其成因，並提出相應的對策。
  4. Facing with the adjustment blemish of the market and the government, knowledge problem and market growth degree etc, the article analyzes and arguments tmsm, the investment theory of the gapsm and two - mechanism forming reason and specialty of our country, and tries to explain and answer the question of breadth fluctuation, high risk, price decision, proceeds and investment strategy etc in the gapsm. since 80 ages, a series of the important development has all taken place in the world and the economy of our country, and it produced the deep influence on the growth of the security market, and particularly the information revolution, all markets forming one body and the quick development of the derivable security product brought the unprecedented macroscopic opportunity and power to the security market ; but at the same time our security market with the structure absurdity of participators, higher risk, irregular law, closed market, the validity of supervise and no science of market regulation does not accommodate to the macroscopic environment and so our country security market needs a new set of security theory with environment. according to the macroscopic and microcosmic environment, this article defines that our country security market is both a gapsm and the initial stage of the gapsm

    上世紀80年代以來，世界和我國經濟都發生了一系列重大的變化，對證券市場的發展產生了深刻的影響，尤其是信息革命、市場一體化和證券衍生產品的迅速發展，給證券市場的發展帶來了前所未有的宏觀機遇和動力，而同時我國證券市場參與者結構的不合理、較高的風險、不規范的法律、市場的不開放、監管的不完全以及不科學的市場調控等微觀市場環境條件與此宏觀環境並不適應，從而我國證券市場需要一套適應環境變化的股票理論；本文就是以這一宏觀環境和微觀條件為依據，把我國證券市場定義為既是政府主導型證券市場又是市場初期；並對我國證券市場二元制產生的原因、特點及特殊性進行了分析，並通過我國政府調節的實例進行了論證，並對投資理論和投資策略進行了研究，這對控制我國證券市場的高風險以及獲取收益都具有重大意義。
  5. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  6. In july 2002, arawana initially presented the second generation blending oil according with 1 : 1 : 1 food fatty acid ratio, based on the first generation blending oil, develops concept of health, adopts unique recipe, selects 8 kinds of materials - extracted vegetableseed oil, extracted bean oil, extracted corn embryo oil, aromatic groundnut oil, sesame oil, extracted flaxseed oil, extracted safflowerseed oil, not only retains the original flavor, but also keeps balanced nutrition, able to help human body absorb fatty acid to reach the perfect balance proportion of 1 : 1 : 1, and contains rich vitamin e, initially accords with the international standard, so it is the genuine nutrition cooking oil brewed according to standard of " food and drink guide of china civilians " in the present market

    2002年7月，金魚在中國率先推出符合1 : 1 : 1膳食脂肪酸標準的第二代調和油，是在第一代調和油的基礎上，發展健康概念，採用獨特配方，精選8種原料精煉菜籽油精煉大豆油精煉玉米胚芽油精煉葵花籽油濃香花生油芝麻油精煉亞麻籽油精煉紅花籽油調和而成，不僅保有原有風味，香味濃郁，而且營養更均衡，能夠幫助人體吸收脂肪酸達到1 : 1 : 1的完美平衡比例，並且含有豐富的維生素e ，在國內率先達到國際標準，是目前市場上率先根據「中國居民膳食指南」標準調制的，是真正的營養食用油。
  7. Article 7 for the private - owned lands within the planned range of a new town special area approved by the executive yuan before the act is issued and enforced, the authority of development shall purchase the foresaid lands at agreed prices according to paragraph 1, article 6 of the act prior to development

    第7條本條例公布施行前經行政院核定之新市鎮特定區計畫?圍內之私有土地，開發主管機關應于分期分區開發前，依本條例第六條第一項規定辦理協議價購。
  8. On 4 february 1975, the commune or brigade leading cadres would have obtained information directly or indirectly from six different sources : ( 1 ) the general provincial warning relayed to them through city and county committees, ( 2 ) in the case of yingkou county, an evacuation order from the county committee, ( 3 ) nearby earthquake observatories, particularly the shipengyu observatory, ( 4 ) local amateur precursory monitoring groups such as the team of the haicheng observatory, ( 5 ) neighboring villages and industrial units, and ( 6 ) the foreshocks and the damage they were already causing

    1975年2月4日，公社或大隊領導幹部直接或間接從六個不同的來源獲得信息： （ 1 ）通過市級與縣級革委會傳達給他們的總的省一級的警告； （ 2 ）在營口的例子中，撤離的命令由縣革委會下達； （ 3 ）附近的地震觀測站，特別如石硼峪地震觀測站的情況； （ 4 ）地方的業余前兆檢測工作組，如海城地震觀測站（ 「群測點」 ） ； （ 5 ）附近的村莊與企業，與（ 6 ）前震以及已經造成的損失。
  9. In the second part, we analyzed the speciality of the vogue journal, compared to other media, and point out the industry chain that confined them. in the third part, we analyzed the typical cases, according to supply chain, source chain, brand chain, service chain, and point out the regularity of the vogue journal. in the last part, we offered some advice to develop the chinese vogue journal, pointed out that we should associate globalization and gentilitial, capitalize on the regularity of industry chain in order to develop chinese vogue journal at the background of economy globalization

    論文分為四個部分展開:第一部分，是對時尚期刊范疇的界定，從理論和市場的雙重視角對時尚期刊進行分析，以期達到邏輯和歷史的統一性;第二部分，是對時尚期刊特點的分析，通過它與其他媒體的深入比較，從現代產業的角度，指出其內部深刻制約它的產業鏈;第三部分，是對時尚期刊產業鏈的研究，通過典型案例的分析，從供應鏈、資源鏈、品牌鏈、服務鏈等多重角度，提煉出時尚期刊產業鏈的規律;第四部分，是對中國時尚期刊產業的前瞻性戰略思考和對策性建議，指出在經濟全球化的大背景下，中國時尚期刊產業的發展，必定要在全球化和民族化的結合中，充分利用產業鏈的規律，壯大自身的實力。
  10. This thesis proceeds from the study of the basic characteristics of urban landscape and urban way, with the theory of ueban design to profoundly analyze the component elements and the design priciple and method of urban landscape way, and uses some domestic and foreign cases for reference to reveal the hypostasis of the spatial form of urban landscape way and the system of appraisement, expecting to provide some preliminay advice for urban design and construction

    本文從城市景觀與城市道路的基本特性研究入手，運用城市設計理論，對城市景觀道路的構成要素、設計原則和方法進行深入的分析研究。借鑒國內外城市設計實例，揭示了城市景觀道路空間形態的本質特徵和控制評價體系。以期對城市設計和建設實踐提供初淺的指導。
  11. The contents of the above item have been discussed, including the context, the concept, the phenomena, and the inhesion. meanwhile, the mechanisms between the growth of cities " space and the impacted nature have also been discussed. in conclusion, with the case of xiaolan ecological plan, the thesis brings forward the feasibility in the improving of planning means guided by the ecology security

    通過對生態安全問題的實質內涵進行剖析，對生態安全問題的環境、現象、概念以及內在產生根源做了較系統的論述；同時對城市空間增長這一特定城市化階段和自然生態系統間的內在聯系和相互影響機製做了分析；最後結合實際規劃案例，對城市規劃方法在以上理論分析上的應用做了論述，提出了一種可能的生態安全導向下對城市新區增長的城市規劃方法。
  12. One of our major products is a margarine or butter production machine suite that produces and forms homogeneous margarine using an original cutting method for forming strip - shaped pieces in any of 60 different sizes according to the user company s needs. the machine also packs these pieces in sheets and then stacks the packed sheets several layers deep in cardboard boxes

    質地均勻的麥淇淋經過加工整形製成帶狀成品輸送給各大企業，共有60種尺寸規格，採用獨特切斷法，包裝呈薄片，用多層組合瓦楞紙板裝箱的器械在日本全國史無前例，各器械均有專利權，在油脂行業擁有很高市場佔有率。
  13. Year - end special annual event at parthenon tama - ninth symphony concert by tama citizens

    帕特農多摩的歲末例行活動、市民演奏的「第九」
  14. The calculation methods of shelters ’ capacity and the discount method of road capacity under the situation of emergency evacuation were given. then, taking emergency evacuation of the beijing 2008 olympic games as an example, we make out the emergency evacuation preplan for olympic games. on the aid of the advanced computer system simulation techniques, using emergency evacuation simulation software to animate the whole process of olympic evacuation for the fist time, and got some key parameters that can provide decision making supports for decision - makers, such as, the whole evacuation time, the average evacuation speed etc. and the simulation results were analyzed

    本文首先分析了我國大城市的交通狀況和突發事件發生狀況，在分析國內外應急疏散研究現狀的基礎上，借鑒國內外應對突發事件應急疏散的經驗和教訓，結合我國大城市突發事件應急疏散的具體特點，提出了大城市突發事件應急疏散研究的總體框架，提出了突發事件應急避難所和應急疏散道路的選擇原則，給出了應急避難所的容量計算方法和疏散道路在應急狀態下的道路通行能力的折算方法;然後以北京2008年奧運會突發事件的應急疏散為例，制定了奧運會突發事件應急疏散預案，藉助先進的計算機系統模擬技術，首次利用應急疏散模擬軟體orems對整個疏散過程進行了模擬，得到了總體疏散時間、平均疏散速度等可以為決策者提供決策支持的關鍵參數，並對模擬結果作了分析。
  15. The analysis of five typical cases, which are miketer ' s cheating in listing, the artificial accounting by yinguangxia, the deceitful reorganization and inside story of yian technology, the chaos of creditor ' s rights and liabilities of jiuzhou stock company and the misappropriation of stock company ' s benefits by meiera stockholder, are listed from chapter 2 to chapter 6 respectively. the operation report, pronunciamentos and the medium and research institutions " comments on those companies are referred in this research, and the introduction of those companies, the facts of the credibility deficiency and the comments of those facts are also included in this analysis

    第二章至第六章分別對麥科特欺騙上市案例、銀廣夏假賬案例、億安科技虛假重組及內幕交易案例、九州股份債權和債務混亂案例和美爾雅大股東侵佔股份公司利益案例進行分析，案例研究參閱了幾家上市公司歷年業績報告、公告書、有關媒體及研究機構對公司及事件的評論等材料，分析過程包括這幾家上市公司基本情況介紹、信用缺失的主要事實以及對案例的評述等。
  16. The simple story is in the world of the animation is an absolute main factor, a complicated story details turns and twists confusing link for see an animation of the audience is a tremendous burden, the market need that is in present the top interest has already replaced a traditional story to spread chen, at this interest in command age how expressed a plot to become the most important topic with the simple story, very clearly, advertise from the film of the way can feel what kind of the topic just is the need of the consumer, passed by high cost to create greatly of the advertisement mode has already not been reseen this several years, take but the generation is a film to have many interests much play, this be the typical simple story description complicated plot, give examples to say : the movie “ shrike ” is a very typical example, pure of save a princess of plot, continuously of pound at audience by the plot of " be contrary with traditional thinking " of thinking mode, i still remember at that time see that slice through behind appear details of hear the public discussion interest continuously, but hear half personal say this drama of story have much good, in fact such manuscript was the best animation manuscript, letting the audience acquire they want of plot but don ' t be pack with complicated story, this just is the animation dramatize of the tallest state, because of would like to spend money to enter into theater or spend money to purchase dvd consumer, all is want to open happy heart ' s appreciating film bear, have no burden, also be spend money to buy happy, want to remind specially of " the writing animation manuscript not is write to personal satisfy own creations desire but is face all appreciate of crowd "

    在動畫的世界里簡單的故事是絕對的要素，一個復雜的故事情節曲折迷離的環節對于看動畫的觀眾是一項極大的負擔，在現今的市場需求上趣味已經取代了傳統的故事鋪陳，在這個趣味掛帥的年代怎麼樣用簡單的故事來表現劇情變成了最重要的課題，很明確地，從影片廣告的方式可以感受到什麼樣的主題才是消費者的需求，過去高成本大製作的廣告模式這幾年已不復見，取而代之的是影片有多趣味多好玩，這就是典型的簡單故事描述復雜的劇情，舉例來說：電影史瑞克就是一個很典型的例子，單純的救公主的劇情，不斷的以「與傳統思維相反」的劇情沖擊著觀眾的思考模式，我還記得當時看完該片后出場不斷的聽到眾人討論趣味的情節，但是卻沒有聽到半個人說這部戲的故事有多棒，其實這樣的劇本就是最好的動畫劇本，讓觀眾獲得他們想要的劇情卻不以復雜的故事包裝，這才是動畫編劇的最高境界，因為願意花錢進到戲院或是花錢購買dvd的消費者，都是想開開心心的觀賞影片沒有負擔、沒有包袱，也就是花錢買開心，特別要提醒的「寫作動畫劇本並不是寫給個人滿足自己的創作慾望而是面對所有欣賞的人群」 。
  17. The thesis has researched the current market situation in the nation and in chongqing applying the relative marketing theories and researching ways, specially for these questions about the market characters, the market - developing potentialities, the industry characters, the market demands and the market threat etc. at the same time the thesis has researches this market by a vivid case - researching about a typical organization of the same kind and worked out a set of marketing strategies

    論文通過運用市場營銷的相關理論和研究方法對國內，特別是重慶市兒童校外教育培訓市場的現狀進行了分析研究，對這一市場的特點、發展潛力、行業特徵、市場需求以及市場威脅進行了分析。同時還結合對重慶市一個具有代表性的同類機構案例研究，具體對其在這個市場的發展進行了研究探討，並針對這一機構提出了相關的營銷策略。
  18. As of april 1, 2003, 39 cities have been designated as special cities

    截止至2003年4月1日，有39個城市被指定為特例市。
  19. Frequently, a selling enterprise instantiates sites targeted to specific market segments

    通常，銷售企業例示以特定市場部門為對象的站點。
  20. Then, this paper empirically tested the validation and predictive accuracy of different var risk management model in the domestic financial market. finally, with the analysis of modem financial risk management development trend and the current domestic financial risk management situation, this paper made a prospect for the application of this model in the construction of domestic financial risk management system. through the analysis, the main conclusions are as follows : ( l ) the traditional mean - variance model is the special example of the portfolio selection based on the var risk management model for the case that the returns of the portfolio are assumed to be normally distributed ; compared with the mean - variance model, the var risk management model is more comprehensive and accurate in the measurement of the portfolio risk, so based on the var model, the investors can allocate the asset more effectively. ( 2 ) the var risk management model can provide the timely and comprehensive risk information for the top risk manager, so it is very helpful to the improvement of total risk management efficiency. ( 3 ) based on the var model, the raroc performance valuation approach can reflect the real performance of the portfolio manager and provide the coherent standard for the allocation of risk limitation and the construction of the incentive compatibility constraint mechanism in the financial instiutions

    通過研究分析，本文主要得出如下結論： （ 1 ）傳統的markowitz均值? ?方差模型僅僅是在資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於var風險管理模型進行資產組合選擇的特例，與均值? ?方差模型中的方差風險度量方法相比， var風險管理模型能夠更全面、更貼切地衡量資產組合的風險，且基於此模型能夠更有效地進行資產配置決策； （ 2 ） var風險管理模型能夠滿足更高層次風險管理者對風險信息的需求，有助於整體風險管理效率的提高； （ 3 ）基於var風險管理模型的raroc績效評價能夠反映資產組合管理人的真實業績，從而為金融機構風險限額的分配和激勵約束機制的制定提供統一的標準； （ 4 ）國內證券市場資產組合收益率服從正態分佈的假設明顯不成立，實證檢驗表明基於資產組合收益率正態分佈假設條件下的方差? ?協方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測存在較大的偏差，由於文中證明在收益率正態分佈假設條件下基於方差? ?協方差模型進行資產組合選擇的結果等價于markowitz的均值? ?方差模型，因此，均值? ?方差模型對國內資產組合風險的預測同樣會存在著較大的偏差，而半參數var風險管理模型則能夠取得較好的預測衡量效果； （ 5 ） var風險管理模型符合未來金融風險管理的發展趨勢，基於var風險管理模型建立內容提要風險限額內控體系、風險信息披露體系和業績評價體系，並進行金融監管，將有助於國內金融機構內部風險管理方法和外部監管技術跟上國際金融風險管理的發展潮流。
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