特大降雨 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tèdàjiàngyǔ]
特大降雨 英文
extraordinary rainfall
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 降 : 降動詞1. （投降） surrender; capitulate 2. （降伏） subdue; vanquish; tame
  • 雨 : 雨名詞（從雲層中降向地面的水） rain
  • 特大 : especially [exceptionally] big; the most
  • 降雨 : rainfall降雨持續時間 time of the duration of rainfall; 降雨歷時 rainfall duration; 降雨時數 rainf...
  1. When soil antecedent condition is dry and the initial rainfall intensity is high, peak surface runoff also considerably lag behind that of rainfall, because of the formation of temporary relative impermeable top layer ; b ) surface runoff is controlled primarily by infiltration - excess runoff mechanism under unsaturated condition ; the major fraction of surface runoff are dominated by saturated infiltration - excess runoff response, only a small fraction by return flow mechanism when soil is saturated ; c ) subsurface flow is dominated by saturated runoff mechanism, and the duration of subsurface post the rainfall end is dependent upon rather the soil properties than the rainfall characteristics ; d ) subsurface flow intensity in cultivated soil layer ( 0 ~ 20cm ) is high up to 35mm / h when rainfall intensity is up to 120mm / h, indicating the existing of macropores and pipe flow in cultivated layer

    2 ）耕作制下紫色土的產流主要機制是： 1 ）當雨前土壤含水量未達到飽和狀態時，表面產流起始時間有明顯滯后現象，這與紫色土的快吸水性和較多非毛管孔隙密切相關；當雨前土壤較乾燥，降雨初期雨強較大時，易形成臨時相對不透水表層，表面產流峰也有明顯滯后現象。 2 ）表面徑流的產流方式主要是超滲產流，當土壤達到飽和狀態后，有四川大學博士學位論文小部分回歸流發生，但主要是飽和超滲產流發生，因為紫色土的相對不透水層和其它透水障礙層不明顯。 3 ）壤中流主要是飽和產流，與降雨過程有明顯的滯后，而且雨停后的壤中流產流歷時與降雨特徵無關。
  2. Moreover, hedgerow ecosystems were effective in controlling water and soil loss in june and august. under simulated rainfall, hemercoallis citrina baroni and p. rotation flligg hedgerow ecosystems had a significant effect on reducing water and soil loss in their later stages of plant growth, and there was a significant positive correlation between the effect on reducing water and soil loss and the rain intensities. moreover, hedgerow ecosystems decreased more soil loss than runoff, and the initial time of runoff incidences could well represent the water and soil conservation effects of hedgerow ecosystems

    Rotatumflligg ）植物籬笆生態系統年徑流量、年侵蝕量分別減少10 . 14 11 . 56倍和135 . 34 165 . 84倍；植物籬笆生態系統和大豆單作處理的徑流量、侵蝕量、可產生侵蝕的降雨量之間呈極顯著正相關，建立了相應的降雨產流、降雨產沙、徑流侵蝕模型，通過侵蝕雨量可以了解水土流失的發生特徵； 6月和8月份（多短時暴雨）水土保持能力較明顯。
  3. In light of current using situation and drawing on the experience of many scholars researched methods and viewpoints, this thesis made com land, fallow land, orchard, grass land as experimental field in black soil region jlau, which carried out experiment by applying different amounts of n and p fertilization in corn field. by means of collecting the samples of rainfall runoff, erosion silt and surface layer soil before and after rainfall for one year nature precipitation in field, we study the effect of surface runoff on n and p nutrient and fertility degeneration. the results showed : ( l ) there are lots of factors which affect soil erosion and losses of n and p, in which rainfall and rainfall intensity were more important, while rainfall intensity is the most important meteorological phenomena factor

    針對當前黑土利用現狀，本文借鑒眾多學者的研究方法和觀點，在吉林農大黑土區選擇利用方式不同的玉米地、休閑地、果園、草地，在玉米區進行了不同數量的施肥，通過野外試驗，採集一年自然降雨產流及泥沙樣品，同時採集降雨前後的耕層土壤樣品，研究了黑土區地表徑流對氮磷養分特徵及肥力退化的影響，結果表明：土壤侵蝕和氮磷的流失受諸多因素的影響，降雨量、降雨強度是重要因子，而降雨強度是影響農田地表徑流養分流失的最重要的氣象因子，特別是暴雨，暴雨徑流中氮磷濃度較平時高得多；隨作物生長，覆蓋度逐漸增加以及不同利用方式下表現的覆蓋度差異，氮磷流失都表現為顯著的差異。
  4. Hydrometeors have dominant effect on the performance of systems operating at frequencies above loghz, and the remote sensing of hydrometeors is an important subject for radio propagation, radar meteorology and atmosphere physics etc. based on the physics characteristics of rainfall, fog and clouds, the propagation characteristics and remote sensing of hydrometeors are investigated and discussed

    水凝物是影響10ghz以上頻段系統性能的主要因素，它是電波傳播、雷達氣象、大氣物理和環境遙感等學科研究的重要對象。本文基於降雨和雲霧的基本物理特性，對降雨和雲霧的毫米波傳播特性、降雨和雲霧的遙感以及霧的紅外輻射衰減特性進行了分析和研究。
  5. Proceeding with the analysis of water resource peculiarity of jilin province, the authors bring forward that effective gathering and using of rainwater can supplement the gross amount of rainwater in valley, probe into rainwater resources use in jilin province : first is to make rainwater resources use plan in valley program, secondly is to construct gully dam system according to water and soil conservation project, to strengthen sloping field collection rain ' s project and forest - grass construction, to increase storage space, thirdly is to fully utilize field project and water conservancy project to gather rain water, intercept rainfall on the spot so as to restore water environment

    摘要從吉林省水資源特點分析入手，提出了雨水資源的有效集蓄利用是補充流域水資源總量不足的重要因素，探討了在吉林省雨水資源主要利用途徑是首先在小流域規劃中作好雨水資源利用規劃；其次是建設以水土保持治溝骨幹工程為主的溝道壩系，強化坡面集雨工程和林草植被建設，增大貯水空間；第三是充分利用田間工程和水利工程集雨蓄水，使降雨就地就近被攔蓄，最終使水環境得以修復。
  6. In the paper, we firstly acknowledge the characteristic of rainfall kinetic energy and runoff energy, current state and the development of erosion dynamic process by consulting a large number of domestic and foreign literature datum. on the basic, we systemically coordinated the eroded datum of runoff plots of soil and water conservation stations at xifeng, tianshui, suide, and chunhua et al

    本文首先在查閱了大量國內外文獻資料，全面了解降雨動能與徑流能量的特性及侵蝕動力過程等方面的研究現狀及最新進展的基礎上，系統整理了西峰、天水、綏德及淳化泥河溝等水土保持試驗站的徑流場侵蝕資料。
  7. The above analysis showed that this heavy rainfall event took on obvious meso - scale characters and was the combination of the three flows, so we can deduce : ( 1 ) surface southeasterly wind and topography may play the main role in this event ; ( 2 ) the easterly cold air rushing into the southern shaanxi province in the lower troposphere was strongly relative to the form of surface cold - front type of occlusion ; ( 3 ) there were two reasons for the secondary circulation ' s strengthen in the evening, one was the effect of a mountain - valley wind and the other may be latent heat leading to ascending motion ; ( 4 ) the shape of potential instability stratification corresponded well with the development of the warm - moisture advection ; and ( 5 ) the vapor providing essential thermodynamics was transported by a southwesterly low - level jet from the bay of bengal and the south china sea. furthermore, with the effect of terrain, the southern shaanxi province became the center of this extremely heavy rain process

    中尺度結構分析表明，本次暴雨具有明顯的中尺度特徵，是由三支氣流共同作用的結果，分析發現（ 1 ）地面東南風和地形在這次大暴雨過程起主要作用； （ 2 ）東路冷空氣主要是通過中低層侵入陜南地區的，並與地面冷式錮囚鋒的形成密不可分； （ 3 ）夜博士論文:中尺度地形對陜南暴雨的影響研究間垂直次級環流發展加強可能有兩個原因，一個是由於地形山谷風的作用，另一個是降水的潛熱釋放激發了上升運動: （ 4 ）位勢不穩定層結的形成與低層暖濕平流的發展有很好的對應關系; （ 5 ）本次暴雨的水汽主要靠偏南風急流將孟加拉灣和中國南海的水汽輸送至西北地區東部，為暴雨的發生提供了必要熱力條件。
  8. Based on t213 and other observational datasets, a severe heavy rain occurred in changjiang - huaihe basins during 4 - 5 july 2003 is studied. the primary diagnostic analyses show that double or single block is the characteristics of the macroscale circulation in this rainfall process. the strong conflict of warm and cold mass, mesoscale convergence on meiyu front, shear line, and stably maintaining of high and low jets make for the rainfall

    本文採用地面高空常規資料，每6h一次的降水資料，以及t213數值預報資料，對2003年7月4 - 5日發生在江淮地區的一次梅雨鋒暴雨過程的影響系統及其可能機制進行了初步的診斷分析，發現，高緯雙阻、單阻形勢是這次暴雨過程發生的大尺度環流特徵；冷暖空氣的激烈交鋒、梅雨鋒上的中尺度輻合線、 700hpa 、 850hpa上的低渦、切變線以及穩定維持的高低空急流是導致這場暴雨的直接影響系統；該地區維持一個高能、飽和、潛在不穩定的環境，有利於特大暴雨的產生和維持。
  9. For instance, hot weather and rising air can help dispersion of air pollutants ; rainfall can wash out certain pollutants in the air ; an occasional phenomenon known as temperature inversion can trap air pollutants in the lower atmosphere ; and still wind conditions can inhibit effective dispersion of air pollutants. moreover, when a weak northerly wind prevails in southern china, the impact of regional air pollution on hong kong will become more serious

    例如，炎熱天氣和上升的空氣有助空氣污染物消散；降雨可沖走空氣中部份的污染物；偶爾出現的逆溫層現象能把空氣污染物困在大氣的低層；風靜的情況可引致空氣污染物不能有效消散；及當華南地區吹微弱北風時，整個香港受區域性空氣污染問題影響也會特別嚴重。
  10. The research showed that pam could improve soil structure, and greatly increase the stabilization of soil aggregates, so soil crust development would be decreased. fifthly, soil grain that controls rainfall splash erosion was obtained, the influence of soil clay was very great during initial stages of rainfall. with rainfall going on, soil coarse sand and fine sand would control the splash erosion

    五、控制土壤濺蝕的主要土壤粒級：在降雨初期土壤的的粘粒對濺蝕速率的影響較大，隨著降雨歷時的延長，土壤中的細砂和粗砂成為濺蝕速率影響較大的因子；六、對土壤濺蝕影響較大的土壤結構特徵因子：降雨5分鐘時，土壤的滲透系數對濺蝕速率的影響較大，隨著降雨的繼續進行，土壤的團聚度一直對土壤濺蝕速率影響較大。
  11. First, on the base of investigating geleshan geologic environments, the author carefully analyzes them, studies their water storage structure, discusses the relationship of underground water dynamic changes and tunnel drainage by desiccation ; secondly, the author makes the dynamic analysis, regression analysis, routine hydrochemistry analysis, isotope analysis, so draws to guan - yin gorge anticlire east and west slot ' s karst developing features, alternated conditions underground water and supplying drain ways ; thirdly, by stating the fissuring ' s surveying data, the author calculates the seeping tensor

    作者在進行歌樂山地質環境調查的基礎上，仔細分析了大量觀測資料，研究其儲水構造，掌握地下水動態變化與隧道施工涌水的關系，及補給受降雨的影響情況。對隧道周圍的地下水進行動態分析、回歸分析、常規水化學分析以及同位素分析，得出觀音峽背斜東西翼槽谷的巖溶發育特徵，及地下水的循環交替條件、補給排泄途徑；統計分析裂隙測量數據，計算滲透張量。
  12. There are two greater value centers : one is the valley region in northeast of the plateau, the other is the north of sichuan province

    外流河谷地區兩側山脈的年降雨量較大，年均大到暴雨日數較多，河源處相對較小，具有河谷地形的特點。
  13. The reason for the failure of loosely residual soil slopes triggered by rainfall is that the contractive failure caused by the penetration of rainfall, giving rise to a high excess pore pressure which reduces shear strength of the soil. the soil is prone to flow slide after failure under the action of gravity due to its high moistu re content

    蔣家溝地區坡殘積土斜坡在暴雨條件下的破壞是由於降雨入滲導致土體發生剪縮破壞，破壞後土體的孔隙水壓力升高形成超孔隙水壓力、土體強度降低、破壞迅速擴展所致，因而大多數斜坡呈流滑型破壞並具有突然性破壞特點。
  14. The 5 - day mean and daily mean images show that the long severe rainfall of yangtze river was produced by the meso -

    候和日平均雲圖表明，降雨雲帶上頻繁產生中尺度暴雨雲團造成了7月下旬長江中游連續出現特大暴雨。
  15. At least three others are missing. forecasters say the storm could drop another 20 inches of rain before heading northwest toward the bahamas

    氣象預報顯示在轉向巴哈馬群島西北前，暴風雨還將帶來20英寸（換算成500毫米，特大暴雨了）高（ ）的降雨。
  16. The persistent downpour in chifeng since the start of the rainy season has caused a severe flood disaster rarely seen in history. the heavy casualties and damage to personal possessions and local farming include 3. 85 million acres of farmland submerged, over 70, 000 houses destroyed, and 1. 62 million people affected with more than 60, 000 homeless

    今年入汛以來，我市由於連降大暴雨，遭受了歷史罕見的特大洪澇災害，給人民群眾生命財產和農牧業生產造成嚴重損失，致使385萬畝農作物被沖淹， 162萬人受災，倒塌民房7萬多間， 6萬多人無家可歸。
  17. The specify attenuation, attenuation and scattering impairment of a melting layer have also been predicted at various rainfall for 6, 10, 20, 30ghz. the results calculated show that the attenuation due to melting layer are more than the attenuation induced by the identical thickness rain

    在6 、 10 、 20 、 30ghz時，計算了不同降雨率融化層的特徵衰減、衰減和散射損耗，結果表明融化層的衰減較同厚度雨區的衰減為大。
  18. In the first part of the paper, on the basis of the weather processes of huai he basin from june to august in 1998, the difference and reliability of the two reanalysis data game and ncep from the fields of basic element, derivative, precipitation, and surface flux were studied by diagnostical and statistical methods. the results showed that the game reanalysis data is more reliable than ncep / ncar reanalysis data at the bottom and mid - high levels of troposphere, and at the precipitation and surface flux fields the case is just the same. in addition, the paper revealed that the game reanalysis data can show the evolution of the southwest vortex but the ncep / ncar reanalysis data cannot do so

    在第一部分，本文以1998年6 - 8月我國江淮地區的天氣過程為背景對game和ncep兩組不同的再分析資料的基本要素場、導數場、降水量場和地面通量場用氣候診斷和統計的方法進行了對比分析，結果表明，在對流層低層和中高層game再分析資料的基本要素場及地面的降水場和通量場較ncep再分析資料更為準確； game再分析資料能很好地反映出西南渦東移並影響江淮大暴雨的重要天氣特徵，而ncep資料則反映不出這一現象。
  19. The analysis of dry pv shows that the high pv dominate the area of typhoon, the higher is the center value of pv, the stronger is the typhoon. lt is also shown that the most important reason resulting in rainstorm is the cold air ( high pv ) which spreads to south from the upper troposphere or lower stratosphere and transports into the warm air. the joining situation of upper and lower pv area make vortex develop. pv transpotation reduces static stability, which increases the releasing of instability energy and makes rainstorm amplify

    對干位渦的分析表明：臺風或臺風環流區為高值位渦區，臺風越強，位渦中心值越大；對流層上部或平流層下部冷空氣（高位渦）的擴散南下與暖濕氣流的交匯是造成特大暴雨的重要原因，因為上游斜壓性的發展使對流層頂發生折疊，平流層與對流層相互作用增強，上下位渦區相接的形勢使低層渦旋發展，上升運動加強，位渦的下傳有效地降低了靜力穩定度，有利於位勢不穩定能量的釋放，使得暴雨增幅。
  20. The assimilation experimentation results indicate that after assimilating radar wind field of small spatial scale, mesoscale and small - scale precipitation prediction can be improved and mesoscale and small - scale information which ca n ' t appear by tradition datum can be gained, which is valuable to analyze the mesoscale and small - scale system structure ; the effect assimilating radar humidity field is n ' t obvious, which is perhaps correlation with precipitation types and assimilating time. the results also show that adding radar humidity field to initial condition at initial time can supply the gap of the regular data in reflecting the mesoscale and small - scale systems, strengthen the humidity in the initial field, and eventually help to improve precipitation. the experiment of assimilating radar wind field and radar humility field at the same time shows that vapor transportation and local vapor divergence play more significant role in causing excessively heavy rain than only high wet center

    同化試驗結果表明：同化空間解析度很高的雷達風場后，能改善中小尺度降水的預報效果，並且能夠得到常規觀測資料所不能得到的中小尺度信息，對分析中小尺度系統結構具有重要意義；同化雷達濕度場效果不明顯，可能與降水類型和同化時刻有關；而直接在初始時刻加入雷達濕度場，補充了常規資料在反映中小尺度系統方面的不足，增強了初始場中的水汽，有利於降水量的增加；同時同化雷達風場和雷達濕度場的試驗表明，水汽的輸送和局地的水汽輻合對于產生特大暴雨的貢獻遠大於僅有高濕中心的貢獻。
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