現行有效的條約 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiànhángyǒuxiàodetiáoyāo]
現行有效的條約 英文
treaty in force
  • 現 : Ⅰ名詞1 （現在; 此刻） present; now; current; existing 2 （現款） cash; ready money Ⅱ副詞（臨時; ...
  • 行 : 行Ⅰ名詞1 （行列） line; row 2 （排行） seniority among brothers and sisters:你行幾? 我行三。where...
  • 有 : 有副詞[書面語] （表示整數之外再加零數）: 30 有 5 thirty-five; 10 有 5年 fifteen years
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 條 : Ⅰ名詞1 （細長的樹枝） twig 2 （條子） slip; strip 3 （分項目的） item; article 4 （層次; 秩序; 條...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 現行 : 1. （現在施行的; 現在有效的） currently in effect; in force; in operation 2. （正在進行犯罪活動的） active
  • 有效 : effective; valid; efficacious
  • 條約 : convention; treaty; pact
  1. Adopting rational agent characteristic could add the auditor into corporate contract to educing optimum solution ; opening out the auditor incentive factors in auditing demand theory and the monitor mechanism of auditing. a multi - agent corporate model including the firm owner, the manager and the auditor of the corporate is analyzed in the paper, the conclusions are : educing the optimum solution of model which could prevent the manager and the auditor becoming collusive or skulked ; clarifying the relationship between monitoring of the firm owner and working of the auditor, and illustrating the behavior combination of optimum solution ; further analyzing the relationship among monitoring degree, punishment of auditor and the auditor risk. adapting the model from a single term to serial terms, and adding the non - monetary utility of auditor - - - reputation into the model ; describing behavior of the firm owner in reality and clarifying the necessity of monitoring by the owner and the environment improvements it needs

    論文採用所有者經理人審計師多代理人模型為基礎進行分析，主要成果是：得出能夠防止共謀和不努力工作的模型最優解集合；通過因素分析闡明審計師工作努力程度與所有者監控力度之間的直接關系，以及審計合約最優解的行為策略組合及其制定順序；引申分析所有者監控力度與審計風險、審計師懲罰力度之間的關系；成功的將模型從單一期間擴展到多期間情況，並且將審計師聲譽等非現金收入形式的效用影響加入到模型當中；通過分析審計實務中的所有者行為特徵說明所有者對審計師工作實施監控的必要性，以及實現該監控所需的條件。
  2. In our country, the constitutional basis for the right to know lies in the popular - sovereignty principle, the right to participate in, debate over and supervise governmental procedures, and other constitutional rights based on the principle of free speech. wto ' s " principle of transparency " stipulates that all involved parties must publish all the commonly - practiced legislative and administrative regulations concerning duties, fees for taxes and other export and import polici

    _ wto透明度原則，是指締約方有效實施的有關關稅及其它稅費和有關進出口貿易措施的所有法令、條例和普遍適用的司法判例以及行政決定，締約方締結的影響國際貿易政策的協定，都必須公布，以便各國政府及貿易商熟悉它們，其目的在於防止貿易歧視，以實現締約雙方之間的公平貿易。
  3. In order to make the terminal airspace moderated and consisted, and acquire the biggest capacity of airport, we must consider the influencing factors as many as possible, it is our final target to plan the airspace in beijing terminal unify. with the conditions that the current operation modes of parallel runway, approach and departure procedures and terminal airspace in beijing international airport, this article has analyzed the reasons of airspace congestion. this article also applies the theory of instrument flight procedure and utilizes the current facilities in beijing international airport. the design of flight procedures combining rnav procedures with instrument approach procedures may be accepted on some routes. it make the approach and departure procedure more effective, and increase the capacity of the airport more or less ; secondly, this article contrast the capacities of parallel runway in different methods under radar control, and make the conclusion that the parallel runway in dependent operation modes has the biggest capacity

    本文從目前首都機場平行跑道的運行方式、進離場程序、終端區空域的現狀入手，剖析了造成空域緊張的原因，應用儀表飛行程序設計的思想和原則，利用首都機場終端區現有的設施，某些航線可採用區域導航（ rnav ）程序與儀表進近程序相結合的飛行程序設計，優化了目前首都機場的進離場程序，在一定程度上增加了機場容量；其次，研究了雷達管制條件下平行跑道不同運行方式的容量對比，得出平行跑道獨立運行的容量最大，然後以這種這種運行方式，為首都機場設計出了平行跑道獨立運行的飛行程序；最後，分析北京終端區各機場空域對首都機場飛行程序安全、有效運行的制約因素，研究設計出了北京終端區規劃方案及規劃后的飛行程序和飛行方法，以達到增大機場的容量，適應未來航班量增加的需求。
  4. To add " there are many loopholes in the operation and sales practices of telecommunications service providers, " after " that, as " ; to add " and such complaints from the public are often not followed up effectively by government departments, " after " in recent years, " ; to add " stipulate corresponding penalties " after " to cover pay television, " ; and to add " ; furthermore, as the hong kong housing authority has signed agreements with pay television operators, these operators can enter the buildings to set up and maintain communal aerial systems and can deploy front - line promoters to approach the residents to sell other various commercial services, using the provision of exclusive maintenance and supply services as a selling point and adopting unscrupulous means to entice or mislead the residents into signing an agreement with them, causing great disturbance to the residents ; in this connection, the government must adopt measures to combat such sales malpractices, take the initiative to inform public rental housing tenants of the rights and responsibilities of the operators and, when the operators resort to malpractices or malpractices are reported by residents, take immediate action to investigate the matter and issue warning to and penalize the operators concerned ; the government must also review the problem of inequity in accessing system information by consumers and the telecommunications service providers, whereby consumers have no means or right to obtain true and accurate information about the systems that they are using and can only pay the fees according to the volume, system and time slots of their calls shown on the records provided unilaterally by the service providers, and in case of queries about such information, the decision of the service providers prevails and there is no channel for the consumers to dispute or verify ; to this end, the government should expeditiously study how to ensure that consumers have the rights to know, choose, verify, appeal and claim for compensation in the provision of telecommunications services including pay television, local and cross - boundary telecommunications and internet services " after " in the contracts "

    在"鑒于"之後加上"各電訊服務提供者的營運和銷售存在不少漏洞， "在"不斷增加， "之後加上"而市民的投訴又往往得不到政府部門的有效跟進處理， "在"收費電視， "之後加上"訂定相應的罰則， "及在"標準合約條款"之後加上"此外，由於香港房屋委員會與收費電視營辦商簽訂協議，該等營辦商可進入大廈鋪設及維修公共天線系統，並調派前線銷售人員，以獨家提供維修及供應服務作為招徠，向住戶推銷其他各種商業服務，以不當手法誘使或誤導住戶與他們簽約，對居民造成很大困擾就此，政府必須採取措施打擊上述違規營銷的手法，並主動告知公屋住戶該等營辦商的權責范圍，遇有營辦商作出違規的行為或居民舉報營辦商的違規行為時，須立即追查，並向有關營辦商發出警告及作出處分政府亦須檢討現時消費者與電訊服務供應商所獲系統資訊並不對等的問題，即消費者無從及無權得知他們所選用系統的真實資料，令他們只能按服務供應商單方面提供有關通話量通話系統及通話時段的記錄繳交費用，遇有消費者質疑上述資料時，往往只由服務供應商作最終決定，消費者無從申辯或查證就此，本會促請政府盡快研究如何就各類電訊服務包括收費電視本地及跨境電訊網際網路等的提供，確保消費者享有知情權選擇權覆核權投訴權及索償權" 。
  5. Though not in line with the present laws and policies concerning real estate, many of the conclusions in this thesis result from the writer ' s long years of study and practice. these conclusions are as follows. law should not put a restriction to the assignment of the right to the use of land ; acceptance terms in the commercial housing advance sales are parts of its contract and are legally binding on the signatory parties ; the system should be set up to permit the assignment of collective ownership of land and the compensated use of curtilage in rural area ; law should permit the selling of rural houses to non - agricultural population ; the bona fide acquistio n should be applicable in china ; by analyzing the leagal theory and relevant cases concerning the dual purchase and sale of real estate, it is held that while stressing the power of registration, laws should protect the interest of the well - meaning party who faultlessly fails to register, and individuals should be regarded as the subject in the exclusive selling contract of commercial housing

    本文是筆者長期工作實踐和精心研究的成果，許多見解與現行房地產法律、法規不一致，本文主要的創造性成果和新見解概括如下：法律不應當對土地使用權轉讓條件加以限制；預售商品房廣告承諾是商品房預售合同的組成部分並具有法律約束力；建立集體土地使用權轉讓制度和宅基地有償使用制度，許可農村房屋出賣給非農業人口，促進農村房地產業的發展；我國應適用不動產善意取得制度；通過對房屋雙重買賣法律問題的理論和相關案例分析，認為在強調登記效力的同時，應注意對善意一方當事人非因其過錯而未進行登記情況下的利益保護；個人應當成為商品房包銷合同的主體。
  6. In line with the establishment of the national innovation system and the management of the pilot projects of the knowledge innovation progeam in cas, it is proposed in this article that the establishment of an improved budget appropriation system is an effective approach to shift the organizational management from micro - management fo macromanagement. this system, as is pointed out in this article, is a priority to enhance the ability of self - regulation and self - development in cas institutions and also a key to the reform of current scientific research management system and operational mechanism

    本文結合國家創新體系建立和中國科學院知識創新試點工程工作的管理，提出了建立完善預算撥款制度是實現機關管理從微觀管理向宏觀管理轉變的有效方式，也是提高中國科學院院屬單位自我約束、自我發展的必要條件；是目前科研管理體制及運行機制改革的重點。
  7. This is because, the fact carrying out the run the country by law can solve the problem of the relative equilibrium between the government power and masses rights, however, it bounds a lot in real practice, especially could be restricted by china ' s historic and cultural customs, the legal tradition, the current policies and other aspects. and during the process of carrying out run the country by law, it also lacks the effective interaction between the government and the masses, and the mainly reason for this problem is that the masses are lacking of the correct understanding of the government power

    這是因為，雖然推行「依法治國」事實上可以解決政府權力與民眾權利的相對平衡問題，但是在現實操作中受到諸多條件限制，尤其是受我國歷史文化習俗、法制傳統及現行政策等制約，在推行「依法治國」中缺少政府與民眾的有效「互動」 ，而出現這個問題的主要原因是民眾對政府權力缺乏正確的認識。
  8. After analyzing the advantages and restrictive factors of its developing of modern agriculture, the guiding ideology is established on the basis of introduction of successful experiences from developed domestic regions and foreign countries. synthetic ecological agriculture code based on the combination of forests, grassland and crop fields, agricultural code of “ company + household or medium + household ” and efficient disaster - proof agricultural code are determined as the developing code of modern agriculture in baicheng city. seven established strategic objectives are as follows : agricultural equipment, appliance of agricultural technology, agricultural industrialization, agricultural management and administration, protection of agricultural ecological environment, income from agriculture, living standard of peasants, adjustment of agricultural structure

    本文從理解現代農業的內涵入手，分析了現代農業的概念、特徵和主要形態，對白城市農業發展的現狀，主要包括種植業、林業、畜牧業、漁業、農產品加工業、農業基礎設施建設情況和白城市發展現代農業的有利條件及制約因素進行分析，借鑒發達國家和國內發達地區的某些成功經驗，確定了白城市發展現代農業的指導思想，把林草田綜合型生態農業模式，公司+農戶型或中介組織+農戶型的訂單農業模式，避災型高效農業模式確定為白城市現代農業發展模式，樹立了在農業裝備、農業科技應用、農業產業化、農業經營管理、農業生態環境保護、農業收入及農民生活水平提高、農業產業結構調整等七個方面的戰略目標。
  9. Based on a mathematical model which conforms to constraints, and has minimum discounted value of the sum investment and loss - cost in whole planning period, a new binary coding genetic algorithm is presented to solve multi - stage planning problem in this thesis. the method is proved to be efficient by test example

    本文分析了多階段電網規劃的思路，基於一個滿足約束條件，並在整個規劃期內所需要的投資費用和運行費用總和的貼現值為最小的數學模型，用遺傳演算法對算例進行了計算，計算中染色體編碼採用了涵括多個時間段的二進制方式，有效地解決了各階段之間的協調問題。
  10. With the apart of ownership and proprietor, the problem of surrogate appears. in order to solve the problem, client must design effective restriction mechanism for attorney. the restriction mechanism can ensure maximum revenue of client when attorney purse their maximum revenue

    為了解決兩權分離條件下產生的「代理問題」 ，委託人需要設計一套對代理人行為進行有效約束的機制，保證代理人在追求自身利益最大化的同時，實現委託人利益的最大化。
  11. This thesis is divided into five parts. in the first part, through the comparison between mortgage and the pledge rights, and drawing lessons from wang limin ( professor of china people ' s university ) ' s idea, the author gives a definition to the pledge rights : it ' s the rights that when the debtor does n ' t fulfill his obligation, the creditor can be given the legal rights to take possession of a house or some other property as a security for payment of money lent. then the author makes further explanation to the pledge rights from the which analyzes the legal meaning of returing the security wantonly, although the supreme court made it clear that " after the creditor returned the security to the debtor, and comfronts the third person based on the pledge rights, the court will not support it ", thecourt did n ' t explicit whether the pledge rights dies out or is invalid. the author poses out when in this situation, the pledge rights dies out

    如在論述動產質權實現條件時，分析了我國《擔保法》第七十一條的不足之處並提出了自己的見解：職權人只能在非自身的原因未能受到清償時才能實現其質權；質權實現時質物價值超過約定價值的部分應歸出質人所有；而質權人怠於行使質權而使質物價值下跌的，質權人應承擔賠償責任。再如在分析任意返還質。物的法律意義時，針對最高人民法院盡管在其司法解釋中明確了「質權人將質物返i 」 a碩士學住論文v不示yw訂比』 sn正狠還于出質人後，以其質權對抗第三人的，人民法院不予支持」 ，但沒有明確此種情況下，質權是消滅還是無效的缺陷，筆者提出了質權人將質物返還于出質人或質物所有人的質權消滅的觀點。
  12. I hereby give notice that, in exercise of the power conferred by section 88k and of the road traffic ordinance chapter 374, the designation of the following place as a driving school has been renewed with effect from 17 december 2004 to 16 december 2009 : - area at lot 1347 rp in dd 115, nam sang wai, yuen long, nt

    現公布本人已行使道路交通條例第374章第88k 5及6條的權力，替新界元朗南生圍第115約第1347號地段餘段為駕駛學校的指定續期，有效期由2004年12月17日至2009年12月16日止。
  13. By drawing essence from limited partnership contract, we can reconstruct and improve incorporated company contract in china ; the fourth, when compared with debt contract or common stock contract, convertible preferred stock contract is the best choice for our investing stage contract, because it is better to alleviate asymmetric information and lower agency cost effectively in the process of venture capital investment. but it is very possible that common stock contract would still be used widely in a certain long time because convertible preferred stock contract suffers law restriction and many other limitations in china ; the fifth, staged investment, combinative investment and united investment are recommended strongly in this paper

    但由於可轉換優先股契約在我國受到諸多限制，普通股契約在一定時期內仍將居於主導地位；第五，分段投資、組合投資、聯合投資（投資辛迪加）可較好地適應風險投資過程中的不確定性、有效降低投資風險，應積極借鑒；第六，人力資本不確定性的存在是可轉換優先股、分段投資在契約條款中頻頻出現的內在原因；第七，信譽機制在風險投資過程中具有自動履約功能；第八，促進投資主體與產權結構多元化、轉換政府職能、完善法律法規、培育經理市場、健全社會信用體系、充分發揮信譽的自動履約功能是保障我國風險投資契約順利履行的關鍵。
  14. It is shown that the target export rebate system should be established through five facets : the reform of the value - added tax ( vat ) system, the setting of the rebate rate, the unification of the administrative measure of the export rebate, the optimization of the rebate fiscal burden and the strengthen of the administration of the export rebate, which can ultimately acquire the least rebate cost and the maximum rebate benefit. to be detail, first, the existing vat system should be reformed, the vat system should be transformed from the production model to consumption model and the administration of levying tax should be strengthened, which can establish a good basis for the optimization of the export rebate system ; second, after considering the national and international practical situation comprehensively, the suitable rebate rate which is combined " neutral and different " should be chosen, and a set of elastic system of rebate rate which has both relative stability and timing flexibility should be establish ed ; third, with the further deepening of the reform of foreign trade system and the gradual improvement of the ability of the administration of the export rebate, the existing two kinds of administrative measures should be gradually transited to the single measure - " exemption, credit and rebate " ; forth, the existing sharing measure of vat should be innovated, the new rebate burden system - " first rebate then share " should be built ; fifth, a set of stimulation and restriction system of export enterprises and tax authorities should be built to strengthen the administration of export rebate effectively

    研究表明，我國目標出口退稅機制需要從五個方面進行構建：即增值稅制度改革、退稅率設置、退稅管理辦法統一、退稅財政分擔優化和退稅管理的強化，最終方可達到總體退稅成本最低和退稅收益的最大化。更具體地說，一是改革現行增值稅制度，將我國增值稅制度由生產型逐步轉為消費型，並強化征稅管理，為退稅機制的優化奠定基礎；二是在綜合考慮國內國際實際情況的前提條件下，選擇適宜我國的「中性與非中性」相結合的退稅率，並建立一套具有相對穩定性和適時靈活性的彈性退稅率機制；三是伴隨著外貿體制改革的進一步深化和退稅管理能力的逐步提高，將現行兩種出口退稅管理辦法逐步過渡到以「免、抵、退」為主的單一管理辦法；四是改革現行增值稅共享辦法，建立「先退稅后共享」的新型退稅負擔機制；五是建立一套針對出口企業和稅務機關的激勵約束機制，有效強化出口退稅的管理。
  15. The proposed algorithm lows the complexity by choosing decision delay in advance and then making solution of the equalizer tap coefficient, a new decision delay choice method is proposed, solution by using weight method, diagonal matrix transform, z extension and a new energy restrictive condition which restrains noise enhance, a new decision delay choice method is proposed, the simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm has better equalization effect and enhanced performance comparing to the general mmse algorithm, simulation research on the precision and dynamic scope of parameters in digital realization time domain equalization algorithm, design software and hardware of time domain equalizer. fourthly, there exist a lot of interfere in dsl line, especially, dsl works in multi - user mode, the near end interference is serious

    通過先選擇判決時延，再進行時域均衡器抽頭系數求解的方法降低了時域均衡計算復雜度；對于均衡器抽頭系數的求解使用了加權技術，通過對角矩陣變換， z擴展，使用不同的能量約束條件對演算法求解，結果表明這種約束有效的抑制了噪聲增強，與常用刪se比較，該演算法有更佳的均衡效果，演算法性能得到了提高：論文還對數字化實現時域均衡演算法中每一部分參數的精度、變量的動態范圍進行了模擬研究，對時域均衡的軟硬體實現進行了設計。
  16. China ' s current legislation on the act of investigation has flaws such as rough provisions, unripe techniques, imperfect structure, and current laws of china entrust investigative organs strong power of investigation which has not been necessarily, reasonably and effectively restricted. as a result, investigative organs are at random in implementing the act of investigation and constantly encroach on the legal interests of the criminal suspects and other interested people. the procedure of investigation has become the most dangerou s stage to criminal suspects

    而我國現有的關于偵查行為的立法則存在著法條過于粗疏，技術不夠成熟，制度不夠完善等缺陷，尤其在「偵查中心主義」的訴訟構造下，我國現有立法賦予了偵查機關強大的偵查權，並且缺乏必要的、合理的、有效的制約，以至於實踐中，偵查機關實施偵查行為時，隨意性很大，侵犯犯罪嫌疑人和其它利害關系人合法權益的現象屢有發生，偵查程序成為犯罪嫌疑人在訴訟中最為危險的階段。
  17. Through researching, studying and analyzing the current condition of the chinese petroleum natural gas pipeline science research institute and langfang petroleum pipeline special constructing machine and tool institute that convert the efficiency of the scientific achievements, we go a further step on analyzing the restrained factors and problems which lie in the efficient conversion of scientific achievements, furthermore, investigate the path that can promote the conversion of scientific achievements benefit

    本文根據社會主義市場經濟條件下，促進科技成果轉化，形成科技與經濟結合、產學研結合的有效新機制的要求，通過調查研究分析中國石油天然氣管道科學研究院和廊坊石油管道特種施工機具研究所的科技成果效益轉化的現狀，較全面地進行了科技成果的效益分析，進一步剖析了科技成果的效益轉化中存在的問題及其制約因素，探索促進提高科技成果效益轉化的途徑。
  18. Credit consumption is that the consumers borrow from banks or other flnancial instit ' utions to buy goods or services for their persona1 use. its main form is consumer credit, that ' s also the main object to be researched in this paper. on the micro - economic aspect, consumer credit enables the consumers arrange their expenses neatly by using consumer credit, they can spend their fijture income to fulfi1l the demands of nowadays

    信用消費方式的出現，使消費者在安排消費支出上更加靈活，能夠預支未來收入，提前實現消費願望，其經濟意義從微觀來看，有助於消費者克服流動性約束，進行跨時期消費選擇，實現個人效用的最大化，從宏觀來看，可以在居民收入預期穩定的條件下，有效地擴大現期消費需求，使產品價值能夠順利實現，推動社會再生產的循環發展。
  19. The second, by the theory of self organization, based on the prior condition and restricting factor of high - tech industrialization, exoatiate on a few mechanisms of advancing high technique results to real productivity : the mechanism of the information delivered, benefits driving system and the mechanism of risk guaranteed. by analyzing running mode of industry, school and study in our country, i brought up the path of them combination validity

    在論述高技術產業化的前提條件和制約因素的基礎上，重點闡述了促進高技術成果向現實生產力轉化的幾種機制：信息傳遞機制、利益驅動機制和風險擔保機制，並且通過剖析制約我國產學研運行模式，提出了產學研有效結合的途徑和方法。
  20. In order to give incentives to managers and chief technicians in the company, virtual stock options are designed to enable those human capital owners involved in the profit distribution. however, that purpose is restrained by the conditions of the stock market, the number of virtual stock options and supplementary bound mechanism

    該公司主要運用虛擬股票期權形式，武漢科技大學碩士學位論文讓人力資本所有者參與公司利潤分配，以實現對公司經營管理人員和核心技術人員進行激勵的目的;然而該激勵目標的有效實現會受到股票市場的條件、虛擬股權的數量和配套的約束機制等條件的限制。
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