理論上任期 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [lǐlúnshàngrènqī]
理論上任期
英文
notional tour-
The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man
本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。Based on the theories of civil law and commercial law, using the comparative methods, this thesis has systematically and comprehensively researched into the protection of the creditors of one - man company, aiming to provide legislative advice on the perfection of chinese one - man company law
本文以民商法學理論為基礎，採取比較方法對一人公司債權人公司法上的保護進行了全面系統的研究，以期對我國公司法上一人有限責任公司制度的完善有所貢獻。I major in business english. the main courses i have studied are the basic courses for english majors, french, fundamentals of business, macroeconomics, microeconomics, international commercial law, internatioal trade, the economics of money, banking and financial market & principles of marketing during my college time, i study hard, and get good marks in most of the subjects. i pay attention not only to my study but also to improving my social abilities, i taught in qin huangdao chuangzhi foreign studies school from july 2003 to 2004, was an interpreter for the world bicycle championships b 2001 in june 2001, taught in qin huangdao cambridge school from mar. 2001 to sep. 2001, and i have abundant house - teaching experiences. what ' s more, i practised in qin huangdao chia tai co. in jan. 2003. i also tried my best to improve my other abilities besides my major, such as computer, managing abilities. i got " 1st grade " in the " hebei college students ' plan for company - creating contest " ( our work will participate in the national college students ' plan for company - creating contest ), and got " excellent " in the " web - making contest " of yanshan university
大學期間，我嚴格遵守學校規章制度，尊敬師長、團結同學，有很強的集體榮譽感；學習認真刻苦，成績良好，我的專業學習涉及內容相當廣泛，包括英語的所有基礎課和國際商法、市場營銷、國際貿易、國際金融、工商導論、宏微觀經濟學等；重視理論聯系實際，在學好專業課的基礎上，積極參加各項社會實踐、實習活動， 2001年6月，我曾為世界b級自行車錦標賽（中國?秦皇島）擔當翻譯工作，在多所外語學校擔任英語教師，還多次為北方物流置業有限公司（國家、河北省重點建設項目）翻譯招商材料，而且2002年年底，在秦皇島正大有限責任公司行銷部實習；在學好專業課的同時，為了補充和擴展自己的知識面，我廣泛涉獵其他學科的知識，如計算機、網路、創業等，盡量使自身更快成長為一專多能型人才， 2002年4月開始參加燕山大學學生創業計劃大賽，並在2003年上半年參加了河北省大學生創業計劃大賽，獲得了一等獎的優異成績，並將報送參加國家大學生「世紀杯」創業計劃大賽， 2002年4月，參加燕山大學「綠色網路」網頁製作大賽，獲得了優秀獎。 。The content of each part follow as : in the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study of definition characteristic of no, and the existing base of no - e - commerce environment ; in the second one, this part studies the theory base of no comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost ; chapter three studies the no from the coordination of no, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of no firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of virtual enterprise cluster ; based on such conclusion, studies the model of no from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode ; in chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling no with game theory and graphic theory ; in the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of no operational risks, coordination mechanism of no was studied by individually modeling the no without core and no with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of no ; as an important component of coordination mechanism of no, chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in no, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of no for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in no were given ; the last chapter applied the conclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade web - sunbu. com analyzed its shortcoming and gave the advices of developing
全文共分為七章，主要內容如下：第一章作為全文的理論出發點和基礎，圍繞網路組織的定義、特徵以及網路組織生存基礎- -電子商務環境等方面對網路組織的基本概念進行了闡述；第二章綜合運用核心能力、競爭戰略和交易費用理論對網路組織產生的理論基礎進行闡述；第三章首先從組織協調的角度對網路組織進行了研究，給出了網路組織的結構，分類和特徵，同時並給出了虛擬企業群簇；然後在此基礎上分別研究了網路組織的生命周期模型、層次模型、過程模型、價值鏈模型，以及運行模式；第四章綜合運用博弈論、圖論的相關知識，通過構建網路組織的模型，對上一章所研究的網路組織結構的形成機理給出了一種理論解釋；第五章在分析網路組織運行風險的基礎上，分別建立無盟主網路組織的博弈論模型和有盟主網路組織的博弈論模型，詳細研究了網路組織的協調機制，然後給出了網路組織協調機制的解決方案；第六章作為網路組織協調機制的重要組成部分，本章在討論了網路組織中建立信任機制的必要性的基礎上，研究了網路組織信任關系的類型，提出了在網路組織中如何建立信任機制。Ren bishi ’ s outstanding achievement for the theory of party - building and the magnificent achievement for the practice of party - building during the anti - japanese war time, not only has the extremely significant historical significance, but has the important reality guiding significance for today ’ s party - building, and it also has the
抗戰時期任弼時在黨建理論上的卓著建樹和在黨建實踐方面的輝煌成就，不僅有著十分重大的歷史意義，而且對於今天我們黨的建設仍有著重要的現實指導意義，對於我們繼承和發揚老一輩無產階級革命家的優良傳統和作風也有教育啟迪功能。However, the existence of various rights conflicts increases its application difficulty in its concrete application process. although some western countries have made specialized law on the base of theoretical research on environment injunction, some difficulties exist in the course of weighing the specific rights. so, this article mades systematic theoretical analysis and judicial practice demonstration on how to balance the conflicts as the core of this topic after the basic study about environment infringement and environment injunction. the application of environmental injunction should also introduce mechanisms to measure the interests of western countries in our country, the article proposes we should have the efficiency and justice as a measure of the baseline, and should be firstly applied to achieve a settlement of the conflict in the course of weighing specific interest
環境侵害排除，作為環境糾紛解決中的一種民事救濟方式，在各國環境侵害責任體系中佔有越來越重要的地位，然而在其具體適用過程中存在的種種權利沖突又增加其適用的難度，盡管西方的一些國家在長期理論研究的基礎上已經有了關于環境侵害排除方面的專門法律規定，但在具體衡平權利沖突各方的利益關系時仍存在種種困難，因此，本文在分析環境侵害及侵害排除等基本理論問題的基礎上，以環境侵害排除中權利沖突的平衡為視角作為本文論題的核心，進行系統的理論分析及司法實踐的論證。Then the thesis put forward five paradigms as follows : the combination of science and reason., the combination of imitation and creation, the combination of publicity and secrecy, the combination of convenience and standard, the combination of benefit and responsibility. at last the writer divides the people who implement the paradigms into three groups and put forward ways of implement for each group to accelerate the implement of modern technological paradigms in theory and practice
本文力圖克服默頓規范中無系統、無內在邏輯的缺點，從全程的、綜合的和實踐的角度考慮，分析技術的發展過程及各個階段的特點，對技術規范科學地定義，分析它們的特徵和功能，認為技術規范的內容體系應該是科學性和合理性相結合、模仿性和創造性相結合、公開性和保密性相結合、宜人性和標準性相結合以及經濟性和責任性相結合，並且在文中提出技術規范的三個實踐層次和相應的具體實踐途徑，以期促進技術規范理論研究上和實踐上的可行性。This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually
但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。It featured by " diversity and splendor " as tong bing, a noted modern journalism & communication scholar concluded. in view of above mentioned, while commenting on the study of news values theory, i take into consideration of different political standpoints adopted by the following scholars : liang shi - chun, tian zheng - yu, ren bai - tao, guan yi - xian, sa kong - liao, yun yi - qun, to reflect the features of the second stage commented by tong bing
有鑒於此，在進行「新聞價值理論研究」的評述時，適當兼顧不同政治站位的學者? ?梁士純、田振玉、任白濤、管翼賢、薩空了、惲逸群，以期展露出「新聞價值理論研究」上的前述特點。Be it dnown, that i, ( 1 ), the undersigned shareholder of ( 2 ), a ( 3 ) corporation, hereby constitute and appoint ( 4 ) as my true and lawful attorney and agent for me and in my name, place and stead, to vote as my proxy at the meeting of the shareholders of the said corporation, to be held on ( 5 ) or any adjournment thereof, for the transaction of any business which may legally come before the meeting, and for me and in my name, to act as fully as i could do if personally present ; and i herewith revoke any other proxy heretofore given
茲有我， （姓名） ，為（公司名稱及性質）的以下署名股東，在此任命和指定（姓名）為我的事實和合法授權代理人，為我和以我的名義、職位和身份，在上述公司于（日期）召開的或就此延期召開的股東大會上作為我的代理人對與會前合法提交大會討論的任何事項進行表決，且為我和以我的名義，在大會上全權履行我的職責；在此我撤銷此前所作的任何其他授權委託。Be it dnown ， that i ， （ 1 ） ， the undersigned shareholder of （ 2 ） ， a （ 3 ） corporation ， hereby co titute and a oint （ 4 ） as my true and lawful attorney and agent for me and in my name ， place and stead ， to vote as my proxy at the meeting of the shareholders of the said corporation ， to be held on （ 5 ） or any adjournment thereof ， for the tra action of any busine which may legally come before the meeting ， and for me and in my name ， to act as fully as i could do if personally present ； and i herewith revoke any other proxy heretofore given
茲有我， （姓名） ，為（公司名稱及性質）的以下署名股東，在此任命和指定（姓名）為我的事實和合法授權代理人，為我和以我的名義、職位和身份，在上述公司于（日期）召開的或就此延期召開的股東大會上作為我的代理人對與會前合法提交大會討論的任何事項進行表決，且為我和以我的名義，在大會上全權履行我的職責；在此我撤銷此前所作的任何其他授權委託。We investigated the architectures of three typical computer fault - tolerant systems such as triple modular admixture redundancy system, buildup dual computer comparing system and dual computer comparing system with hot standby, and descript them with the markov model. the reliability and safety model of these fault - tolerant systems are acquired through theoretical analyzing and calculating. with analyzing, we defined the systems " task interval available time section in reason, compared their reliability and safety and evaluated their reliabilities
具體針對三模混合冗餘、增強型雙機比較及帶熱備份的雙機比較三種典型體系結構的計算機容錯系統進行了研究，統一用馬爾可夫模型進行描述，通過理論分析和計算，獲得各體系結構容錯系統的可靠度與安全度的數學模型；通過分析，合理定義了系統的任務工作期區間，並在此區間上比較分析了各體系結構容錯系統的可靠度與安全度情況，從而對各系統的可靠性指標進行了評價；根據上述三種系統的數學模型，在考慮系統故障覆蓋率與維修率兩個參數對系統可靠度與安全度影響的情況下，用matlab語言編制了計算機模擬程序。It reflects its development and evolution from practicalities and specialists founded by pendleton act of 1883, the generalities increased in 1950 ' s, the reforming examination methods in order to be beneficial to minorities in late of 20th century, the heavy burden of examination on federal personnel management office in early of new century
從1883年《彭德爾頓法》頒布時所確立的「實用性」原則與「專才」結構、 20世紀中期從理論上到實踐中所增加的「通才」考試內容、 20世紀後期取消對以黑人為主的少數種族在考試方式方法上的歧視以及新舊世紀之交加強文官主管機構（聯邦人事管理總署）對考試的責任，進一步反映出美國文官考試制度的發展與演變。The theoretic frame of the right to know in the business of security trading is expected to be built on the basis of confirming the right to know in security trading, listing the reason of why the small and medium - sized share holders, creditors or foundation holders have the such right to know, making clear the positive meaning that the independent director cherished for the public disclosure, getting into the in - sight specialities of public business information products and non - symmetry and enforcing the main body of the business, the task of public disclosure of the listed companies in particular
通過對中小股東、債權人以及基金持有人知情權權利主體的保護，獨立董事享有知情權對信息披露的積極意義;透視營業信息以及非對稱性之特徵，並強化義務主體，尤其是上市公司的信息披露義務;以期構建起證券交易知情權的理論框架。此外，為投資者恢復在證券交易過程中被剝奪的權利和損失的利益，建立和完善證券交易知情權民事責任制度及其實現機制，從而建立起證券交易知情權的保護體系。In recent years, all parts of the country in develop constantly, abundant state - run assets manage at the foundation of theory and practice, the requests of the principle separated according to division between politics and enterprises, policy money and setting - up modern enterprise system, structure the government ( the committee of state - run assets ) taking relations between ownership and management of enterprises as the thread - the state - run capital operation organization successively - state - owned enterprise ( company ) three levels, management system of state - run assets with clear duty, and through authorizing managing to the state - run capital operation mechanism, in the hope of achieving and solving " empty location " of the ownership of the state - run capital and purpose to implement value preserving and appreciation responsibility
近年來，全國各地在不斷發展、豐富國有資產管理理論和實踐的基礎上，按照政企分開、政資分離的原則和建立現代企業制度的要求，陸續構建了以產權關系為主線的政府（國資委） ?國有資本運營機構?國有企業（公司）三個層次的、職責明確的國有資產管理體系，並通過對國有資本運營機構實施授權經營，以期達到解決國有資本所有權「虛位」和落實保值增值責任的目的。It was first posed by yelin, a famous german jurist in 1861 when he published an article, " fault in concluding a treaty : the compensatory responsibility of invalid contract and untenable contract " in the fourth issue of " annals of yelin ' s science of law, " whose chief editor was himself. in this article he systematically and deeply analyzed t he theory of responsibility for fault in concluding a treaty. he thought that under the condition that the contract is invalid or untenable, we should resolve issues according to contract law
締約過失責任理論起源於羅馬法的誠信訴訟和誠信契約，最早由德國著名法學家耶林於1861年在其主編的《耶林法學年報》第4期上發表的《締約上過失：契約無效與不成立之賠償責任》一文中對締約過失責任作了系統而深入的分析，認為在契約無效或不成立情況下，應依合同法來解決，從而推翻了實證法學的無契約即無責任立論，被譽為「法學上的發現」 。If be opposite, the study of the basic theory of the basic knowledge of the party, marxism is harvested somewhat, can adopt the form that the thought reports, get on understanding of study experience, thought to raise the problem with the not clear understanding that reachs existence newly to knit a specification to leading party group ; if be opposite, the course of the party, guiding principle, policy or a central task of period have what view, oneself attitude can demonstrate in thought report, clarify oneself viewpoint ; if entered significant activity or study certain and serious article, the education that can get oneself writes leading party group to knit ; when if encounter, producing great politics event domestic and internationally, want to improve substaintial to incident knowledge through learning, banner brightly organizes the position that indicates his to the party ; if individual interest was encountered to be the same as collective interest, state interest in his daily life, produce contradictory problem, can have oneself what idea, the case that how be treated and handles organizes a report to the party ; to make leading party group knits the closest to oneself thought circumstance to understand somewhat, be about the thought state oneself, had what progress, put in what problem and the plan that will increase henceforth to wait it is clear to write. . the last share that reports in the thought, can write go up to oneself request to what leading party group knits and hope, if hope party organization strengthens the education to oneself and education, point out the effort henceforth direction is waited a moment
如對黨的基本知識、馬克思主義的基本理論的學習有所收獲，便可以通過思想匯報的形式，將學習體會、思想熟悉上新的提高及存在的熟悉不清的問題向黨組織說明；如對黨的路線、方針、政策或一個時期的中心任務有什麼看法，可以在思想匯報中表明自己的態度，闡明自己的觀點；假如參加了重要的活動或學習了某些重要文章，可以把自己受到的教育寫給黨組織；如碰到國內外發生重大政治事件時，則要通過學習提高對事件本質的熟悉，旗幟鮮明地向黨組織表明自己的立場；如在自己的日常生活中碰到了個人利益同集體利益、國家利益發生矛盾的問題，可以把自己有哪些想法，如何對待和處理的情況向黨組織匯報；為了使黨組織對自己最近的思想情況有所了解，就要把自己的思想狀況，有了哪些進步，存在什麼問題以及今後提高的打算等寫清楚… …在思想匯報的最後部分，可寫上自己對黨組織的請求和希望，如希望黨組織加強對自己的培養和教育，指出今後的努力方向等等。So, in theory, a decadal repopulation of all our stem cell populations with new ones whose telomeres had been restored, but which had no telomerase or alt genes of their own, should maintain the relevant tissues indefinitely while preventing any cancer from reaching a life - threatening stage
因此，在理論上，若我們所有的幹細胞群體的端粒已被恢復、但沒有端粒酶或自己的alt基因，那麼10年的重新群體化將在長時期內維持相應組織而防止達到威脅一定生命階段的任何癌癥。This paper categorizes the fragmentary and unsystematic information theoretically, and conforms such issues as the legitimacy of limited liability, value judgment, external risk controversy and analysis each of them individually with a view that it would be helpful to the construction of limited liability system in china
摘要將零星的、缺乏系統的信息從理論上加以分類，按問題整合為有限責任的正當性問題、價值評判、外部風險論爭、效率之爭，並對其逐一予以分析，以期對我國的有限責任制度建設有所幫助。分享友人