生產成本差異 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shēngchǎnchéngběnchāyì]
生產成本差異 英文
production cost variances
  • 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 （生育; 生殖） give birth to; bear 2 （出生） be born 3 （生長） grow 4 （生存; 活） live;...
  • 產 : Ⅰ動詞1 （人或動物的幼體從母體中分離出來） give birth to; be delivered of; breed 2 （創造財富; 生...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 異 : 形容詞1 （有分別; 不相同） different 2 （奇異; 特別） strange; unusual; extraordinary 3 （另外的;...
  • 生產 : 1 （使用工具創造生產、生活資料） produce; manufacture 2 （生孩子） give birth to a child; childbi...
  1. But in the second phase, all of these theories can still be categorized into 4 kinds : dynamic comparative advantage theories, such as the new factors theories by baldwin and kenen, the life - cycle theory by vernon and hirsh, etc ; intra - industry trade theories such as product differentiation model by stiglitz and dixit, the strategy trade theory by spense, brander and krugman, and so on ; the endogenous trade theory such as technology overflow effect and learning curves theory by romer and krugman, the neo - classic trade theory by tucher and young, and the like ; and the competitive advantage theory by michael porter

    在這一時期，經濟學家們提出了形形色色的理論，出現了「百家爭鳴」局面。基本上可以歸于以下四大類型:一是動態的比較優勢理論;二是產業內貿易理論;三是內生國際貿易理論;四是競爭優勢理論。各個階段的比較優勢理論有其時代特點，但一個共同點是:比較優勢始於成本差異，並一直沒有突破成本差異，而不考慮產品的附加值。
  2. Secondly, based on the microbeam analytical technique, on the one hand, through investigating the characteristic of major elements in the mantle minerals the author acquired the static information from mantle ; on the other hand, through multi - point analysis of a part of the minerals from mantle, the auther got dynamic information from mantle. finally, generalizating the fruits of this study and predecessors, the autor holds that the constituents of lithospheric mantle possibly includes spinel lherzolites, clinopyroxenites, websterite, dunite, harzburgites, garnet lherzite, phlogopite lherzite, eclogites, clinopyroxene megacrysts ; compared with east china and north china platform, the research field mantle shows the characteristics of higher degree of partial melting processes and more depleted mantle ; the. upper mantle beneath north hetian area is heterogeneous, with a tendency of deficit in a12o3 and lree from kaliyang in west hetian to the river basin of kalakshi river and yulongkashi river ; the subduction of the crust beneath north hetian has ever occurred in geological history and caused the mixing of mantle - crust ; the depth of the origination of basaltic magmas beneath north hetian exceeds 73km ; the thickness of the lithosphere beneath the research area amounts to 204. 9km ; the mantle beneath north hetian has geological condtions for forming diamond deposits

    最後，綜合本區幔源礦物和地幔巖石的特徵以及地球物理資料，得出如下結論：本區上地幔的物質組成有尖晶石二輝橄欖巖、二輝巖、單斜輝石巖、純橄欖巖、方輝橄欖巖、石榴石二輝橄欖巖、金雲母二輝橄欖巖、榴輝巖；與中國東部以及華北地臺上地幔相比，研究區上地幔具有富集主元素中相容元素和虧損其中的不相容元素的特徵，局部熔融程度較高；上地幔存在橫向和縱向的不均一性，從西部的克里陽到喀拉喀什河和玉龍喀什河流域， al和lree富集程度呈下降趨勢，不同來源的相同礦物中主元素的含量差異較大；地質歷史時期這里可能發生過地殼俯沖並產生殼幔混合作用；玄武巖漿的起源深度73km ；從幔源重砂礦物的溫壓估算結果，可以推斷出巖石圈厚度可達204 . 9km ；綜合巖石圈物質組成特徵、巖石圈熱狀態、地幔溫壓狀態、氧逸度以及幔源巖石和幔源礦物的化學成分，認為研究區具備了金剛石成礦地幔地質條件。
  3. Having analyzed preliminarily formation mechanism of these common characteristics of anomaly, it concludes that : these are results, controlled by basically united tectonic stress field of large - range, caused by stress - strain accumulation and certain phase strong earthquakes, according to deformation difference brought about in tectonic position along the boundary zone and within second - order faults of active blocks resulted from unstable and inharmonious features for movement of block system at different levels and deformation of boundary

    分析這些異常共性特徵的形成機制，初步認為：是在基本統一的大區域構造應力場控制下，不同層次塊體系統運動及其邊界帶變形的非平穩、非協調性，在活動地塊邊界地帶和地塊內部次級斷裂構造部位產生變形差異而導致應力-應變積累、孕育強震到一定階段的結果。
  4. The accounting standards for the impairment of assets having been officially decreed in different countries, the systematic study on it have much yet to be made. therefore, out sprouts this thesis which aims to establish an accouting system for the impairment of assets. this paper analyzes the essence of impairment from two aspects and arrives at a conclusion that the impairment of an asset is the carrying amount of an asset which may not be recoverable

    本文第一部分首先從經濟學與會計學角度對資產減值的本質予以剖析，指出資產減值的本質是資產的現時經濟利益的預期低於原記賬時對利益的評估值，在會計上則體現為可收回金額低於資產歷史成本，是不同環境下對同一資產進行計量時所產生的計量差異；並剖析了資產發生減值的原因。
  5. In order to provide the scientific basis for the good agricultural practice ( gap ) of sichuan bai zhi, rapd was firstly used to analyze the genetic polymorphism of different type from sichuan bai zhi and hangzhou bai zhi. the result showed that different color of petiole has not obvious relationship to whether to bolt or not and different localities have more influences on genetic diversity than different color of petiole

    為配合川白芷生產質量管理規范化（ gap ）研究，本文首次採用rapd技術對川白芷生長過程中不同形態的四個類群及杭白芷進行基因組dna多態性分析，認為川白芷葉柄顏色的不同與是否抽薹無明顯的相關性，而產地的差異對遺傳變異的影響大於因其葉柄顏色不同所造成的影響。
  6. The purpose of thesis is to compare the great differences, which are caused by the differences of historical environment, social background, economy system and cultural tradition, between chinese and western objectivity concept, one of the concepts of the journalism major, on the basis of logical analysis about news reporting and understanding about objectivity of news reporting in the class society. and it also tries to make use of the reasonable elements of western objectivity concept which is formed in the development of the history to serve chinese journalism and conform and rebuild the objectivity professional concept of chinese press circles

    本文旨在通過新聞研究的邏輯分析及對新聞客觀性在階級社會中的認識，比較中西方由於歷史環境、社會背景、經濟制度與文化傳統的不同而在新聞專業理念之? ?客觀性理念上產生的巨大差異，並試圖借鑒西方客觀性理念在歷史發展中形成的合理要素為中國新聞業服務，整合與重建中國新聞界客觀性專業理念。
  7. After studying the contents with " sx - 10 law " concerning the oil and gas ( o & g ) cost of the international oil company, the article has systematically analyzed and compared the sinopec and foreign oil company ' s o & g cost ' s differences, such as its classifications structures, and cost accounting etc. by analyzing the international oil company ' s common o & g cost ' s movement tendency and rule which has been outlined and showing in the recent 10 years, that is between 1991 and 2000, the article has compared and studied the differences in o & g costs between the sinopec and foreign oil company, furthermore, it has taken impersonally part the real and internal reasons in details which has resulted in the differences at home and abroad. for instance, it has concluded the reasons that contribute to the long - lasting higher production cost of the sinopec upstream in three aspects : firstly, it is due to the difference in its resource stratagem, that is, the foreign oil company can realize their o & g resource optimization by the way of resource electing and o & g assets replacement in the world market ; secondly, since most of the sinopec key oilfields have been in the middle or last development period which characterizing the " three high " ( high water containing, high yield and high lifting rate ), it has been an impersonal rule with a higher level of production cost ; finally, another factor resulting in the higher production cost lies in the execrable operating and social environment which has been facing by the domestic oil company and a great amount of non - producing payout which owes to the bad environment

    本論文從美國證監會（ sec ）對國外石油公司油氣成本的《 sx4 - 10條例》的內容研究出發，系統地分析和比較了中外石油公司在油氣成本的分類、構成以及核算等方面的差異，並結合近十年來（ 1991 - 2000 ）國外石油公司油氣成本的變化趨勢和變化規律，對中外油氣成本結構和變化呈現出的差異進行了比較和研究，並就導致該差異產生的深層次原因進行了客觀翔實的剖析，文章特別指出，造成中石化上游油氣生產成本居高不下的原因有三個方面： （ 1 ）資源戰略方面，國外石油公司可以通過資源優選和資產置換來實現油氣資源的最優化選擇： （ 2 ）從開發程度上，中石化上游普遍進入以「三高」為特徵的開發階段，生產成本高是客觀規律： （ 3 ）企業面臨的惡劣經營和社會環境以及由此產生的大量非生產支出，也是構成企業生產成本較高的原因之一。
  8. It is necessary for governmen to encourage and support supermarkets in future as an efficient way of marketing fresh foods ; 2. to better satisfy demand for fresh food, supermarkets should analyze consumer behaviors with modern information management technologies and shift from production - oriented fresh food supply chain to demand - oriented one ; 3. supermarkets should implement integrated management to further optimize fresh food supply chain and bring down costs in marketing and management ; 4

    根據研究結果本文提出了相關的政策建議，即，政府應當鼓勵和扶持超市進行生鮮農產品經營；超市要運用現代化信息管理技術分析消費者及其消費行為，實現生鮮供應鏈從生產推動型向需求拉動型轉變，更好地滿足消費者的生鮮需要；超市實行一體化經營，進一步優化生鮮供應鏈環節，降低流通和經營成本；超市要從消費需求出發，實施生鮮經營差異化市場策略，滿足不同消費水平消費者的差異化、個性化和多樣化需求。
  9. The organic agriculture is also able to meet human being ' s diversified demands for the agricultural function after their physiological demands are satisfied basically. the remarkable information asymmetry exists in the organic agricultural product trade and has higher requests to the system. the production of organic agricultural product is superior to ordinary agricultural product in nutrition, safety and health because it is forbidden to use various kinds of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizers, etc. if organic authenticity of product can be guaranteed, consumers like to buy it with higher price because of its fine quality, friendly environment and social fair, etc. because of the limited organic agricultural production " input, high produce cost and low production, producers are needed to be compensated with higher price ; difficult to distinguish organic agricultural produce with common agricultural ones from appearance and even prove organic authenticity of product through measuring

    在有機農產品交易中存在著顯著的信息不對稱，對制度有著更高的要求，表現在：有機農產品的生產因為禁止使用農藥、化肥等各種化學投入品，在營養、安全、健康等方面優于普通農產品；因為其優良的品質和環境友好、社會公平等附加效用，消費者願意以比普通農產品更高的價格購買，但前提是必須保證產品的有機真實性；由於有機農業生產投入受到很大限制，生產成本增加，而產量又可能降低（尤其是在轉換期） ，生產者需要以較高的產品價格作為補償；在外觀上難以區分有機農產品與普通農產品的差異在外觀上，即使通過檢測也難以驗證有機產品的真實性。
  10. The theories foundation of activity - based costing, is to think that the production line should describe for : the production causes activity take place, the product consumes to used to the industry, the function consumes with the resources, thus causing cost take place. this with traditional manufacturing costing the product consume with the cost of principle is different. thus, the activity - based costing checked to track the process of the product formation and the cost backlog with the activity - based costing, carry on make track for to the cost formation to trace to origins originally, set out from here, activity - base method makes research of cost gone deep into more, the cost information is more detailed and turn and even have and can control it

    本論文研究的目的是探討作業成本法在一汽鑄造一廠應用的可能性，運用作業成本法的研究方法對一汽鑄造一廠的產品成本進行分析，對比傳統成本法和作業成本法下的成本，對兩種成本的差異進行分析，產生差異的原因。通過建立作業成本庫、選擇成本動因，將成本分配到相應的作業成本庫，分別將傳統成本法和作業成本法下的成本計算到每種鑄件，再進行成本對比，重點分析差異較大的產品的成本構成，在此基礎上，對企業生產作業流程的重新評價，對產品的成本構成有更全面的了解，對企業管理層提出了解決成本信息失真，改變產品定價策略，降低生產成本和改善企業內部管理的建議。
  11. The dimensional measuring interface standard ( dmis ) is a neutral format standard for inspection programs and inspection results data. it eliminates the discrepancy of data format for various inspect equipment which integrated with cims through network. the result achieves information shareing among the cims

    Dmis標準作為一種中性數據格式標準，一統過去不同測量設備在數據格式上的差異，通過網路的組織形式與集成製造系統無縫集成，實現了系統內部所有信息資源的共享，降低了生產成本，提高了生產效率。
  12. The difference of the cotton production cost between the provinces in china was significant. in compare to the other countries of the planting cotton, the production cost per 666. 7m2 was high, and the cost per 50 kg lint was low, however, the composition of the cost was not reasonable. there were multiple linear regression relationships between production cost per 50 kg lint cotton and labor cost per day, planting area per family and the lint yield per 666. 7 m2

    分析認為，生產成本是我國棉花成本的構成主體，人工、化肥和農藥又是生產成本的主體；我國不同產棉省區具有明顯的成本優勢差異；與國外相比，我國畝成本缺乏優勢， 50公斤皮棉成本優勢明顯，但成本結構不合理；我國50公斤皮棉成本差與要素價格差、生產規模和技術水平差具有線性關系；市場配置棉花生產資源比國家政策更高效。
  13. The article overviews the principles, methods, the effect factors of the tip meristem culture of sweet potatoes and its research progress, and points out the problem that it is unknown widely, its composition of culture medium is different because of varietal difference, virus infects sweet potatoes again and production cost is high

    摘要綜述了甘薯莖尖分生組織培養的原理、方法、影響因素及其研究進展，指出了莖尖組織培養存在的未被廣泛認識、由於品種差異造成的培養基成分不同、病毒再侵染、生產成本高等問題。
  14. The seasonal and diel variation in fecundity of females in situ. were observed, and the pattern of spawning and its ecological significance were also discussed. the differences of biochemistry component, respiration, isoenzyme, and total proteins electrophoresis between diapause and subitaneous eggs were preliminarily investigated as well

    本文通過對海區雌體現場產卵情況季節性和晝夜性變化的觀察結合海區環境的季節變化，探討其產卵變化的規律和生態意義；還初步研究了剛產出的滯育卵與正常卵的生化成分差異、呼吸代謝特徵、同工酶差異和全蛋白電泳差異。
  15. But its high production cost, low market ratio, poor exploit in investment market lead to the competition ability of low voltage, semi - conductor, high voltage, military ceramic capacitor is quite different

    但生產成本高，市場佔有率低，在投資類市場拓展不力。低壓、半導體、高壓、軍品瓷介電容器競爭力有較大差異。
  16. In this paper, customer - oriented strategy is raised according to the analysis on textile consuming culture ; competitive strategy of lowest cost and differencization is advised on the analysis of advantage, risks, application of three basic competitive strategy ; functional strategy of international market for demian group is proposed as well, to take homeland as a business center while carrying out transnational business ; set up branches and agencies in developed countries to enchant export and make direct investment in developing countries thus products made there can be sold local to reduce cost and avoid trade barrier via the marketing competition and functional strategy of overseas investment to realize competitive strategy

    文中對企業的內外部環境進行了分析，重點分析入世對紡織企業的影響、德棉集團的競爭優勢和存在的劣勢；通過對紡織品消費文化的分析，確立德棉集團應樹立需求為導向的戰略構想；對三種基本競爭戰略的優勢、風險、適用途徑進行分析，德棉集團應採用低成本、差異化競爭戰略；並論述德棉集團國際市場的職能戰略：在地域上以母國為中心，開展跨國經營。在市場進入和投資方式方面，對發達國家設立分銷機構、辦事處，加強出口貿易。對發展中國家直接投資辦廠，生產后海外銷售，可降低成本和迴避貿易壁壘。
  17. In the “ soap war ” between the two parties, tremendous use is made of stations to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitute such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs

    在雙方的肥皂大戰中大量使用了統計學知識來測量與廣告投入相應的市場份額的動態差異，這一項在售前的生產成本中占較大部分，所以他們把生產成本看作是生產費用和廣告費用之和。
  18. In the " soap war " between proctor and gamble and unilever, tremendous use is made of statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs

    在寶潔和聯合利華兩家企業之間的"肥皂大戰"中，雙方為了測量由相應的廣告投入所引起的市場上的動態差異，大量使用了統計學知識，這一項在售前的生產成本中占較大部分，所以使他們把生產成本看作是生產費用與廣告費用之和。
  19. Cost variance and structural adjustment of the wheat produces in jiangsu province

    江蘇省小麥生產的成本差異與結構調整
  20. With the growth of township as its research object, it will be of positive practical significance in deepening and extending the theory about studies of township by adopting the theory of economic growth and by measuring the growth of the township through small towns will grow as research, the introduction of the theory of economic growth through economic growth and social development

    本文認為:小城鎮作為一個生命有機體，其成長是經濟增長和社會發展的綜合體現，生產力發展是小城鎮起源和成長的根本動力。初始條件的非均衡，奠定小城鎮成長差異的基礎，但外生制度安排可以打破資源稟賦對小城鎮成長的影響而形成不確定的演化路徑。
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