生產者租金 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shēngchǎnzhězūjīn]
生產者租金
英文
producer's rent- 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 (生育; 生殖) give birth to; bear 2 (出生) be born 3 (生長) grow 4 (生存; 活) live;...
- 產 : Ⅰ動詞1 (人或動物的幼體從母體中分離出來) give birth to; be delivered of; breed 2 (創造財富; 生...
- 者 : Ⅰ助詞1 (用在形容詞或動詞後面 或帶有形容詞或動詞的詞組後面 表示有此屬性或做此動作的人或事物) 2 ...
- 租 : Ⅰ動詞1 (租用) hire; rent; charter 2 (出租) rent out; let out; lease Ⅱ名詞1 (出租所收取的金錢...
- 金 : Ⅰ名詞1 (金屬) metals 2 (錢) money 3 (古時金屬制的打擊樂器) ancient metal percussion instrum...
- 生產 : 1 (使用工具創造生產、生活資料) produce; manufacture 2 (生孩子) give birth to a child; childbi...
- 租金 : rent; reprises; rental; charter hire; charter money
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Based on the rent - seeking theory and theory of relation between government and market, the thesis studies the rent - seeking activities, their macroscopical and microcosmic backgrounds, the rent - creating mechanism, and the performance by the principals of security offering, agency, investing, and government, then analyzed their origin and influence and concluded the countermeasures. the framework of this thesis is as follows : chapter 1 is the pandect, mainly about the issues, the train of thought, the hypothesis, and the methodology ; chapter 2 is the academic groundwork, introducing the theories on rent - seeking, the development of relation between government and market, and security market ; chapter 3 studies the macroscopical and microcosmie backgrounds of the rent - seeking activities in chinese security market ; chapter 4 studies the rent - creating mechanism, which premise the activities ; chapter 5 analyzes the performance and characteristics of the activities. ; chapter 6 studies the origin and influence of the rent - seeking activities, probes into their deep roots, and reveals the harms from the activities through investigation in the resource lavishment and impact on the security market and the whole society, which come in the wake of rent - seeking ; chapter 7 gives the conclusions and countermeasures
本文研究結構如下:第一章為總論,主要介紹了研究的問題、思路、假設和方法;第二章為研究的理論基礎,介紹了尋租理論、政府與市場關系理論的演變以及證券市場的基本理論;第三章考察了中國證券市場尋租活動的宏觀和微觀經濟背景,為研究證券市場尋租行為作了鋪墊;第四章研究了證券市場租金產生的機制亦即創租機制,它是尋租活動存在的邏輯前提;第五章則從證券市場不同參與者的角度具體分析了尋租活動的表現和特點;第六章研究了證券市場尋租活動的原因和影響,探討了證券市場尋租問題所產生的深層次和一般性的原因並從尋租活動本身造成的資源浪費、對證券市場的影響和對整個社會的影響三個方面闡述了尋租活動的危害;第七章得出了研究結論並提出了解決尋租問題的對策思路。Giving a letter is the capital that points to client of orgnaization of finance of commercial bank xiang fei to be offerred directly, perhaps be to the client in concerned economy activity the compensation that arises possibly, assurance that pays responsibility to make, include financing of loan, trade, bill financing, financing to rent, overdraw, the business inside the watch such as each money advanced for sb to be paid back later, and bill accept, open a l / c, defend case, reserve confirmed, bond issues l / c, letter of credit assure, loan assures, the business outside the watch such as the loan commitment with the asset sale that has recourse, irrevocable untapped
授信是指商業銀行向非金融機構客戶直接提供的資金,或者對客戶在有關經濟活動中可能產生的賠償、支付責任做出的保證,包括貸款、貿易融資、票據融資、融資租賃、透支、各項墊款等表內業務,以及票據承兌、開出信用證、保函、備用信用證、信用證保兌、債券發行擔保、借款擔保、有追索權的資產銷售、未使用的不可撤消的貸款承諾等表外業務。Nations ordain the property rights structure, and it is a source to affect the capital market efficiency. but nations need to ordain the specific property rights structure to obtain the rent from public finance, which reflect on the chinese institutional change as follows : th e nation and its public finance demands play a key role in capital market development, but the nation ' s unilateral demand of public finance to obtain the rent caused the predicament in capital market
而從產權視角看,兩者又具有了內生關系,因為是國家界定產權結構故而是影響資本市場效率的根源,而國家之所以構造出特定的產權結構則與其獲取租金的財政需要息息相關,反映在中國制度變遷實踐上就是:國家及其財政需要既是資本市場興起的關鍵,而國家單方面獲取租金的財政需要又是造成資本市場困境的根源。If the letting income is chargeable to profits tax or the property is used for producing chargeable profits, exemption from property tax under section 5 of the inland revenue ordinance can be claimed in part 5 of the return b. i. r. 58. in any event, part 4 must also be completed, otherwise the assessor may raise queries
按稅務條例第5 2 a條,如租金收入是應課稅利潤的一部分,又或者因為該物業是用作產生應課稅利潤的業務場地,而可獲豁免物業稅,你可在b . i . r .表格第58號的第5部分提出申請豁免物業稅。First, it leads to unproductive collocation of resources, covering direct investments and the relevant opportunity cost ; second, the rent - seeking part can establish monopolistic status if the deal succeed, which will then causes damage to social benefits and brings x - inefficiency ; what ' s more, rent seeking of firms leads to consumers " rent avoiding, and consequently, the firms will set to seek rent in a second circle just in order to protect their monopolistic status already established, circle by circle, the multiplying - effect will surely cause serious waste of social resources
首先,租金交易導致資源的非生產性配置,這不僅包括尋租過程中資源的直接耗費,而且包括這些資源的機會成本;其次,租金交易成功,尋租人得以建立壟斷地位,壟斷進而引起社會福利損失和x非效率;再次,企業尋租引發消費者的避租行為,然後,企業將為維護壟斷地位開始新一輪的尋租活動,如此循環往復,這種乘數效應必然導致社會資源的嚴重浪費In practice, the incentive regulatory schemes, such as price caps regulation ( pcr ), have provided powerful incentives to promote productive efficiency for the regulated enterprises, but it not only achieve perfect industry efficiency, meanwhile, but also brought about the problems of exploiting rent and harming consumer surplus in the regulated enterprises. therefore, the choice of incentive regulatory schemes is constrained by many conditions
在實踐中,雖然價格上限等激勵性規制應用模型對生產效率形成強力激勵,但是其在取得良好產業績效的同時,也帶來了被規制企業攫取信息租金、損害消費者剩餘等問題,因而激勵性規制模式的選擇受到許多條件的約束。分享友人