直接增量成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhíjiēzēngliángchéngběn]
直接增量成本 英文
direct increment costs
  • 直 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （成直線的; 硬挺的） straight; stiff 2 （跟地面垂直的; 從上到下的; 從前到后的） erect; v...
  • 接 : Ⅰ動詞1 （靠近;接觸） come into contact with; come close to 2 （連接; 使連接） connect; join; put ...
  • 量 : 量動1. （度量） measure 2. （估量） estimate; size up
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 直接 : direct; immediate
  1. Venture capital is a new way of investment and finance, whose development and maturity can not lack the support of capital market. the capital market in china plays a critical role in the start of domestic venture capital. different from nasdaq in usa, the capital market in china will assume the dual mission as the source and exit of venture capital at the same time. public company in the key board market can apply stock capital to venture capital by director or indirect means ; the second board market in construction will invest flow capital and lower the admission threshold of high - tech enterprise, thus supporting the development of venture capital

    風險投資是一種新的投融資方式，它的發展與成熟離不開資本市場的支撐中國的資本市場在啟動國內風險業中發揮著先導作用，與美國的nasdaq市場不同，中國的資本市場將同時承擔起充分風險投資源頭和出口的雙重使命：主板市場中的上市公司可以通過直接或間接的方式將存量資本運用於風險投資，二板市場正在抓緊制訂之中，將通過投入增量資本，降低高科技企業的上市門檻支持風險投資的發展。
  2. The main work and conclusion for this paper is as following : according to the flashover test results of several kinds of iced insulators under positive voltage and negative voltage, this paper obtained : for the single porcelain insulator, the single glass insulator and the composite insulator bridged completely by icicle, the metal cathode ' s strong ability of emission electron is the primary reason that results in the lower negative flashover voltage ; the position difference of the high resistance district in method anode side results in that porcelain insulator cluster and glass insulator cluster have an evident effect of polarity ; when less ice and no icicle at the brim of the sheds, due to numerous non - polar arcs on the composite surface, the effects of polarity of composite insulator was lost using the test method of the average flashover voltage in the freezing period, dc flashover performances were investigated of several insulators with some typical structures and different material

    本文的主要工作和結論如下：在人工氣候室內，根據不同覆冰絕緣子正、負極性下的閃絡試驗結果，得出負極性電弧金屬陰極的強電子發射能力造成了單片瓷、玻璃絕緣子及被冰凌橋接的合成絕緣子有較低負極性冰閃電壓；正極性電弧金屬陽極側產生高電阻區所處位置的差異使得瓷和玻璃絕緣子串具有明顯的極性效應；覆冰較少時，合成絕緣子表面出現數量較多的非極性電弧使合成絕緣子無極性效應。利用覆冰期內平均閃絡電壓的試驗方法，對不同材質和結構的絕緣子在覆冰、低氣壓和污穢共存環境中的直流閃絡特性進行了研究。試驗結果表明，直流平均閃絡電壓隨著海拔的升高、覆冰量的增加以及污穢度的增加而降低，且其特徵指數與絕緣子結構、覆冰量、覆冰狀態、污穢度等有關。
  3. In this thesis, first, reasons and factors for the stability of loose rock dams were summarized according to the field surveys and certain expert ' s experiences. then, researches on block stability problems were reviewed, and according to the relationship between grain size and incipient velocity, it is found that the block weight is in direct proportion to 6 - 9 power of incipient velocity, and 50 % increase of the velocity will result in about 40 times change of the block weight. after that, experiments were conducted in a flume, focusing on the relationship between incipient velocity and some main factors including block weight, water depth over the dam, cross - section size, block material and river bed material

    本文首先根據散拋石壩損毀情況的現場調查資料，結合有關專家多年的整治經驗，總結出壩體的損毀原因及影響因素；對現有塊體穩定性的研究成果進行回顧和總結，並針對散拋石壩的直接損毀現象，結合山區河流的水流、地形特點，利用塊體粒徑與起動流速的關系，提出塊體穩定重量與起動流速高次方成正比的概念，流速50的增長可能導致塊體穩定重量接近40倍的變化；通過二維變坡水槽試驗，研究了壩體穩定的主要影響因素，包括塊體重量、壩頂水深、斷面尺寸、塊體材料（塊石和卵石兩種） 、護底等，結果表明對于山區河流，試圖僅僅通過增加壩體單個塊體重量或斷面尺寸來提高壩體穩定性效果甚微；最後，根據西部地區的自然、經濟、交通等條件，提出可以採用柔性混凝土鉸鏈體等一類整體性較好的護面層作為散拋石壩的防沖毀措施，以期取得良好的工程效果。
  4. Operating super small scale of citrus, single peasant household can not guarantee the quantity, and can not lower production costs effectively. the regimentation degree of the peasant household is very lowly, which is obviously disadvantageous to the peasant. there is antagonistic contradiction between " small production " and " big market "

    對影響我國柑橘產品的直接原因做一個歸納，可以發現我國柑橘對內走的是以增加投入為主的數量擴張型發展道路，對外是單純的低價格競爭，並且這種低價格的競爭並不完全是建立在我國柑橘的低成本上的，而是帶有很大程度無序性的競爭。
  5. The insulation of the thermodynamics installation and pipelines of thermal power electricity generation has significant sense, which contributes to increasing the installation ' s safe reliability, decreasing the heat loss, producing the warmhearted work environment, conserving energy and so on

    龍鳳熱電廠高溫蒸汽管線大多數已經破損，熱量損失嚴重的現狀，直接導致企業能源成本增加、經濟效益下降，而且由於車間溫度過高，造成工人工作環境差。
  6. The paper also conducted cost and benefit analysis that indicates the protection cost is very much higher in ipr protection in agriculture in china as compared with other countries such as the us and other western countries, this is a very important restricting factor for the patent and pvp application in china. besides, the paper also discussed the possibilities of the unified system like pct and upov for ipr applications to minimize the cost of application and maintainence. with support of survey data and developed models, the papers conclude with the priority area for ipr protection in agriculture in order is as follows : pvp, patent, trade secret, and trade marks

    同時，在大量檢索和設計調查問卷的基礎上，對我國農業知識產權保護的成本和效益進行理論分析，在對比其他國家專利和新品種保護成本的基礎上，分析出我國申請農業知識產權保護的成本和被侵權后的司法訴訟成本過高，影響了我國農業知識產權的申請和保護；此外，文章還就建立類似專利合作條約（ pct ）性質的國際植物新品種保護公約，以期在多國專利同時申請方面實現帕累托最優原則進行了理論探討，在此基礎上，文章進一步對比分析實施農業知識產權保護規則對我國農業技術貿易特別是國外直接投資可能帶來的影響進行，結果表明，強化農業知識產權保護，發展中國家會增加農業技術和產品的進口，發展中的大國更是如此；文章在調查問卷的基礎上提出了我國農業知識產權方面存在的問題和今後農業知識產權保護的目標體系和優先領域，農業知識產權保護的優先順序依次為：新品種、專利、商業秘密、商標和原產地。
  7. The estimation of the model of effective labor input and the model of human capital externality has passed signficance test. human capital has a deep relationship to the economy and it has a significantly external effect on non - human capital factors. the rate that human capital contributes to the economic growth is 30. 3 %, the direct and indirect rates are 26. 4 % and 3. 89 % respectively

    結果表明：在改革開放以來的20多年中，我國gdp與投入要素之間具有科布-道格拉斯型生產函數關系，以它為基礎建立的有效勞動模型和人力資本外部性模型的估計均通過顯著性檢驗，人力資本與經濟總量的增長有密切的關系，並且，對其他非人力資本要素具有顯著的外部性作用；人力資本對經濟增長的貢獻率達到了30 . 3 ，僅次於物質資本成為促進我國經濟增長的重要因素，其中，直接貢獻率為26 . 4 ，間接貢獻率為3 . 89 。
  8. Firstly, the paper introduces the development and application of computer graphics & image technique, discusses the principle and method of cg and digital image processing, such as matrix of the graphic transformation, homogeneous reference frame, sampling and quantization of the image, file format of the image, template operation, etc. secondly the paper introduces the purpose and method of image enhancement processing, explains the each occasion of those methods such as threshold transformation, smoothing processing, sharpening processing, analyzes and contrasts the processing results of object image. thirdly, the paper introduces the method of mathematics morphologic, edge detection and thinning processing, attains character description of image and character dots of the contour. fourthly, the paper processes the coordinate transformation to character dots and basic splines fitting, imports correlative condition to devise meshing line and meshing track

    本文首先介紹了計算機圖形圖像技術的發展與應用情況，對計算機圖形學和數字圖像處理的一些基本理論和方法如圖形變換矩陣、齊次坐標系、圖像采樣和量化、圖像文件格式、模板操作等內容進行了討論：然後對圖像增強處理的目的和方法進行了介紹，對諸如閥值變換、平滑處理、銳化處理等方法的應用場合進行了說明，並對實物圖像的處理結果進行了分析與比較；接下來介紹了數學形態學方法、對增強后的圖像進行邊緣檢測的方法和圖像的特徵描述方法，並獲取輪廓的特徵點：隨后對獲取的特徵點進行坐標變換，並進行b樣條曲線擬合，引入相關條件生成齒輪副的嚙合線及嚙合軌跡：最後引入等值線和區域填充表示方法，並以等值線和區域填充的形式對弧齒錐齒輪嚙合模擬的載荷分佈情況進行了直觀的表示。
  9. Also it has great effects on economy increasing, foreign trade, the form of the cost, employment etc, and the most important is fdi brings the life for western developing, but we should clear the num and quality of fdi between east and west are completely different because of these factors such as policy, environment, structure, minds, efficiencies etc. thus in order to short the gap we need improve the investigation environment, shift minds and try to develop ourselves through fdi

    它對我國的經濟增長、對外貿易、資本形成、就業、國際收支都產生了巨大的影響，尤其重要的是，外商直接投資給西部經濟的發展注入了活力。但是，應該看到，外商直接投資在我國的東西部之間有著數量、質量上的差異，形成這些差異是由於政策因素、環境因素、結構因素以及觀念和效率因素等多方面的原因。因此，要縮小差距，必須改善投資環境，更新觀念，以力求西部在利用外資的過程中求得自身的發展。
  10. Direct increment costs

    直接增量成本
  11. The length should be added if the cost is n ' t increased and the installation is convenient, the diameter should be chose by the local weather condition and the using requirement ; the gas pressure should be not higher than 5 x 10 - 2pa and the emissivity should be less than 0. 1, the spring should be small and narrow in order to decrease the heat loss, the gas absorbed getter should not be too many as long as it can absorb the residual gas and keep the vacuum degree

    在不影響安裝和增加成本的情況下，應適當增加太陽能真空集熱管的長度;根據當地的氣候條件和使用要求來綜合考慮選擇直徑;國標規定的真空度必須達到5x10 』 zpa ，發射率小於0 . 1是合理的;彈簧卡子不要選用很寬、很大的尺寸，盡量減少接觸熱損;吸氣劑並非越多越好，只要能夠吸收殘余氣體，保證一定的真空度即可。
  12. First, the current optical system construction ' s optimization algorithms are based on the just optical system ' s preliminary construction which designers have selected. optical system program can not automatically change the optical elements ' nember. so that optical system design ' s intelligentized degree is not high. now this paper applies the genetic algorithms to lens design and shows that the genetic algorithms can effectively work in automatically changing the optical elements ' nember. next, this pape present a new computer design method that applies the genetic - simulated annealing algorithms to directly design the binary optical element

    首先，由於現有的光學系統結構設計的優化演算法都是在選定了初始光學結構的基礎上，只對光學結構參數進行優化選擇，在優化過程中不能夠自動改變光學面數，導致光學系統設計的智能化程度還不是很高，採用遺傳演算法，實現了光學面的自動增減；其次，區別于傳統的二元光學設計方法，為避免其量化臺階數過大導致的成本及加工復雜度的增加，提出了運用混合優化策略遺傳-模擬退火演算法直接設計二元光學元件的新的計算機方法。
  13. It has all characteristics of a complex giant system such as entirety and kinetic characteristics. the region texture of fdi specially appointed is decided by positive feedback - circle which is made by the fdi remove scale and its profit, investment cost, flow amount. this feedback - circle which decides the kinetic characteristics of the fdi region structure is a variable and self - reinforcement system

    它具有復雜巨系統的整體性、動態性等一切特徵；決定特定時空條件下國際直接投資地域結構特徵的是由投資存量、撤資流量、撤資利潤、投資成本、投資流量、投資存量所組成的正反饋環，它是一個不穩定系統，具有自增強作用，由此決定了國際直接投資地域結構系統具有動態性；促進國際直接投資地域結構系統不斷變化的靈敏參量是投資撤資流量。
  14. There are four positive influences after it is transformed from production type to consumption type : 1st, to influence directly the proportion of enterprise ' s equipment invest, thus to influence the assets ' organic component and production ' s scientific and technical content decisively. 2nd, fixed assets construction period can be shorted though profit driven system. 3rd, to lower invest cost of fixed assets, then to lower manufacture cost of product. 4th, to give enterprise a balanced taxes and duties environment to compete

    當增值稅由生產型改為消費型后，將產生四點積極影響：一是對企業投資中設備投資的比例產生直接影響，從而時資本的有機構成和產品的科技含量產生決定性影響；二是通過利潤驅動機制，縮短固定資產建設周期；三是降低固定資產的投資成本，繼而降低產品的製造成本；四是使企業在公平的稅負環境下展開競爭。
  15. Then it analyses the empirical research of economists aimed at the dynamic trade from trade. so we can put forward that our country ' s international trade promotes economic growth through six linkages from 1978 to 2000. the linkages are macroeconomic policy quality, government size, price distortion, domestic investment, manufactures exports and foreign direct investment

    本文首先回顧了國際貿易動態利益理論的演變，然後綜合分析了國內外學者對國際貿易動態利益進行的實證研究，在此基礎上，提出中國國際貿易通過宏觀政策質量、政府開支、價格扭曲、國內投資、製成品出口和外國直接投資這六個作用渠道促進了我國的經濟增長。
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