直接成本估計 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhíjiēchéngběngūjì]
直接成本估計 英文
direct cost estimation
  • 直 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （成直線的; 硬挺的） straight; stiff 2 （跟地面垂直的; 從上到下的; 從前到后的） erect; v...
  • 接 : Ⅰ動詞1 （靠近;接觸） come into contact with; come close to 2 （連接; 使連接） connect; join; put ...
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 估 : 估構詞成分。
  • 計 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算） count; compute; calculate; number 2 （設想; 打算） plan; plot Ⅱ名詞1 （測量或計算...
  • 直接 : direct; immediate
  • 估計 : estimate; evaluate; take stock of; size up; calculate; appraise; reckon; estimation; forecast
  1. By complementing the proposed scheme with methods to estimate the fractional code delay, the acquisition unit an provide high quality delay estimates such that it can instead of the delay locked loop in the traditional ds receiver. after dispreading successfully, this dissertation introduces a method to estimate the doppler - shift directly from some samples based maximum likelihood estimation, and then revise it forwardly

    在成功解擴之後，本文利用最大似然估計從l個樣點中直接估計出殘余多普勒頻偏，並進行前向頻偏校正，來代替傳統擴頻接收機中的科斯塔斯環，經模擬證明該方法的估計精度完全滿足解調的要求。
  2. The buyer filed a counterclaim alleging that the seller ' s claim should be set off agai t the amounts which the buyer estimates to be payable to the buyer by the seller, i. e., the direct lo es, financing costs, lost profits and interest

    買方提起反訴，聲稱應從賣方所索費用中扣除買方估計應由賣方賠償買方的一筆費用，即：直接損失費、財務成本費、所損失的利潤及利息費。
  3. The buyer filed a counterclaim alleging that the seller ' s claim should be set off against the amounts which the buyer estimates to be payable to the buyer by the seller, i. e., the direct losses, financing costs, lost profits and interest

    買方提起反訴，聲稱應從賣方所索費用中扣除買方估計應由賣方賠償買方的一筆費用，即：直接損失費、財務成本費、所損失的利潤及利息費。
  4. Based on many other circuit formats, a new kind of logic - level circuit representation, called unified middle - level circuit format ( umcf ), is defined in this paper, in which some special operations on circuit related with power estimation and low power design. umcf can not only interchange circuits of different formats, but also convert circuits to hspice acceptable files, which can be used for transistor level power estimation

    本文結合多種不同的電路格式，自主定義了一種邏輯級電路的中間表示形式（稱為umcf ）和一系列極具特色的與低功耗技術相關的操作，它不但可以實現與其他多種電路格式之間的相互轉換，還可以將電路直接轉換成hspice可以接受的文件，進行晶體管級的電路功耗估計，這樣可以在公認的高精度的功耗模擬器上，對本文的結果進行有效的驗證。
  5. The variable bandwidth local linear regression method we used in this paper have the advantages of both the local linear regression method and the variable bandwidth idea. the variable bandwidth henced the flexibility of the estimation. and it make this method can fit the spacial complex curve very well. and the asymptotic results of the estimation found the theoretic base for find the best variable bandwidth and drive the pratical best variable bandwidth from data directly

    本文所用的變窗寬局部線性回歸方法，繼承了局部線性回歸的優點，並且使用變窗寬提高了所得估計的可塑性。並使之能成功地處理空間非齊次曲線等復雜形狀的曲線擬合問題。所得估計的漸近結果為求漸近最優窗寬方案以及直接從數據估計最優變窗寬提供了理論基礎。
  6. The estimated national direct care expenditures including hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient services for osteoporotic fractures is 18 billion per year in 2002 dollars, and costs are rising

    估計全國直接照護骨質疏鬆癥的經費支出包括住院護理之家和門診服務在2002年為每年180億，且成本仍持續攀升中。
  7. The market occupation of retapase project has been over appraised and the market orientation is based on self - reference while less weight has been put on market survey ; the project fund comes inadequately from self - raised resources or by transferring the techniques. in the organization framework of the project, the conventional linear system is adopted, which inhibit imbibing the wisdom of majority ; on personnel management, the r & d professionals have been weighed much more against the management professionals and little effort has been put on building the professionals reservoir, while the personnel incentive tactics are not conducive to the long benefit of the project in addition, the cost management is maldeveloped and the project progress controlling has been neglected

    瑞特普酶項目屬生物制藥項目，本文對fdzj公司瑞特普酶項目的管理現狀進行了詳細分析，具體有待改進地方有：市場份額估計過高，市場定位本位化，市場調查注重不足；項目融資僅採用自籌資金及科技成果轉讓的方式；項目組織結構為傳統的直線制，不利於集思廣義，人員配備重研發人才，輕管理人才，人才儲備工作欠缺，人員激勵策略與項目長遠利益不銜接；成本管理欠缺，忽視進度管理等。
  8. The estimation of the model of effective labor input and the model of human capital externality has passed signficance test. human capital has a deep relationship to the economy and it has a significantly external effect on non - human capital factors. the rate that human capital contributes to the economic growth is 30. 3 %, the direct and indirect rates are 26. 4 % and 3. 89 % respectively

    結果表明：在改革開放以來的20多年中，我國gdp與投入要素之間具有科布-道格拉斯型生產函數關系，以它為基礎建立的有效勞動模型和人力資本外部性模型的估計均通過顯著性檢驗，人力資本與經濟總量的增長有密切的關系，並且，對其他非人力資本要素具有顯著的外部性作用；人力資本對經濟增長的貢獻率達到了30 . 3 ，僅次於物質資本成為促進我國經濟增長的重要因素，其中，直接貢獻率為26 . 4 ，間接貢獻率為3 . 89 。
  9. The following conclusions have been drawn from this research program, : ( 1 ) the model following architecture allows for straightforward implementation of requirements of handling quality standard, and it can be utilized for helicopter handling quality design. ( 2 ) the adaptive model - inverse control theory can provide the referenced helicopter with consistent handling quality throughout its operating envelope, with requiring only an approximate linear model at a single operating point. ( 3 ) the technology of adaptive neural network model - inverse control can reduce costs and period associated with pcs development

    通過該課題的研究，得到以下結論： （ 1 ）參考模型跟蹤結構能夠直接實現飛行品質規范要求，可以用於直升機飛行品質設計； （ 2 ）自適應模型逆控制方法只需一個基準狀態下的近似線性模型，卻可在整個使用包線內提供協調一致的飛行品質； （ 3 ）自適應神經網路模型逆控制技術可節約成本，縮短飛控系統研製周期； （ 4 ）在某些部件部分意外失效或戰損情況下，自適應神經網路具有實現控制的在線快速重新配置、保持飛行品質的潛力； （ 5 ）軌跡跟蹤控制器可以用於任務科目基元模擬及飛行品質評估。
  10. Nowadays the research on the performances of security investment funds in china is mainly concerned with two aspects. the one is the feasibility of the theoretical model of performances and the simple computation by means of indicator formulation, which can be used to compute certain performance indicators, such as average profit rate per week, p coefficient, johnson coefficient, sharp ratio, var, average profit rate per week / var and etc. the other one is the research on the degree to which funds holdings are concentrated and research on the tendency of industry selection in the portfolios of funds managers. every part of market is trying to connect the portfolios selection of funds managers with the mar ket focuses and development directions, hoping that it can lead to the conversion and maturity of the ideas of market investment

    目前，對于中國證券投資基金績效的研究與評估，基本上圍繞著兩個方面，即績效理論模型的可應用性探討或簡單的指標公式套算，計算某些績效指標，如平均周收益率，貝塔系數，詹森系數，特雷諾系數，夏普系數， var和平均周收益率var等幾項指標；和對基金持股集中度的研究，以及由此引伸的對基金經理的投資組合中的行業選擇傾向的研究，市場各方一直在試圖將基金經理的投資組合選擇與市場熱點和發展方向連接起來，並希望籍此引導市場投資理念的轉變與成熟。
  11. The details are as followings : the most usual problems related to navigation data fusion are studied ( the local navigation sensors export directly navigation parameters and their accuracies without feedbacks and cross data communications ) ; a novel conservative optimal fusion method of non - feedback multi - source correlated estimators is presented, and this method is extended to the case of more than two data sources ; some new theorems are supplied or proved so that our methods are naturally connected to the achievements up to present, and the integrated theory basis of non - feedback multi - source correlated estimators fusion is founded

    具體內容如下：研究了最一般的導航數據融合問題（局部導航儀直接輸出導航參數及精度，且無反饋、無局部導航儀之間的交叉數據通訊） ；提出了一種新的無反饋多源相關估計向量的保守最優融合演算法，並將該演算法由兩個數據源推廣到了多個數據源；補充證明了一系列定理，從而將本文方法和前人研究成果有機地融為一體，建立了完整的無反饋多源相關估計向量融合的理論體系。
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