研發總支出 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yánfāzǒngzhīchū]
研發總支出 英文
gross expenditure on research and development
  • 研 : 研同 「硯」
  • 發 : 名詞（頭發） hair
  • 總 : Ⅰ動詞（總括; 匯集） assemble; gather; put together; sum up Ⅱ形容詞1 （全部的; 全面的） general; o...
  • 支 : Ⅰ名詞1 （分支; 支派） branch; offshoot 2 （地支） the twelve earthly branches3 （姓氏） a surname...
  • 研發 : ipd
  • 支出 : 1. （付出去） pay; expend; disburse 2. （支付的款項） expenses; expenditure; outlay; disbursement
  1. This dissertation aims to probe into the institutional changes and institutional clashes between the enlarging european union and the central & eastern european countries ( ceecs ), as well as to construct a tentative theoretical innovation to account for institutional interactions between them. supported by political neo - institutionalism and borrowing institutional concepts from nobel prize - winner douglas north, the dissertation is set against a background of the dual process of institutional expansion by the eu and active institutional convergence on the ceecs " own accords. starting from the positive and negative impacts triggered by eu enlargement on both the eu ' s and the ceecs " political, governance and economic institutions, the dissertation carries out a systematic study of the partial adjustments and comprehensive reforms on the part of the eu, as well as of the europeanized transformation of the domestic institutions in the accession countries

    本文以新制度主義政治學為理論支點，以歐盟通過東擴實現制度擴張及中東歐向歐盟制度主動趨同的進程為背景，以東擴引發的制度變遷和制度對撞為研究對象，從分析考察東擴進程對于雙方政治權力制度和經濟治理制度的雙向沖擊及正負面影響入手，系統研究了歐盟東擴引發的歐盟制度局部調整與全面改革、及中東歐新成員國國內制度的歐洲化轉軌之雙重進程，分析總結出東擴制度互動的規律、模式與渠道，並在此基礎上構築了一種解釋轉型國家與超國家機構之間制度互動的實驗性理論模型「錮囚鋒理論」 ，從理論高度上對現實規律進行歸納。
  2. Part3 : the problems with china ' s fiscal policy on venture capital. the problems include : a definite and integrated system of fiscal law on venture capital has not be built up. the present tax law and code are not fit for the development. the government expenditure on tech - research and product - transform is not enough. the structure of government expenditure is not in reason. the efficiency of the go

    指出問題主要包括以下幾點： 1 、缺乏一種針對風險投資的明確而又完整的財稅法律與政策支持體系； 2 、現行稅收法律政策不利於風險投資業的發展； 3 、財政投入科技研發和成果轉化的資金總量不足，並且存在結構性問題，資金使用效率低下的問題普遍存在。
  3. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  4. ( 1 ) it sums up the three ideas of economics used to study urban planning, clearly expressing the theoretical point of view of this study, the co - existence of the theories of interlizing of externalities by a. c. pigou ' s and transaction cost and property right by ronald harry coase, which emphasizes that when market is developing on the basis of a perspicuity of property right and a economized of transaction cost, government intervention and revenue modulation should not be neglected

    其具體內容如下： （ 1 ）系統研究和總結了城市規劃理論相關的經濟學發展上的三種思路。從而確定了本課題研究的理論支撐點：即庇古提出的外部效果內部化理論與科斯的交易費用與產權理論有可共存之處。在強調產權明晰與節省交易費用並以市場化發展為主導的同時，需要政府的干預和稅收調節。
  5. The calculation methods of shelters ’ capacity and the discount method of road capacity under the situation of emergency evacuation were given. then, taking emergency evacuation of the beijing 2008 olympic games as an example, we make out the emergency evacuation preplan for olympic games. on the aid of the advanced computer system simulation techniques, using emergency evacuation simulation software to animate the whole process of olympic evacuation for the fist time, and got some key parameters that can provide decision making supports for decision - makers, such as, the whole evacuation time, the average evacuation speed etc. and the simulation results were analyzed

    本文首先分析了我國大城市的交通狀況和突發事件發生狀況，在分析國內外應急疏散研究現狀的基礎上，借鑒國內外應對突發事件應急疏散的經驗和教訓，結合我國大城市突發事件應急疏散的具體特點，提出了大城市突發事件應急疏散研究的總體框架，提出了突發事件應急避難所和應急疏散道路的選擇原則，給出了應急避難所的容量計算方法和疏散道路在應急狀態下的道路通行能力的折算方法;然後以北京2008年奧運會突發事件的應急疏散為例，制定了奧運會突發事件應急疏散預案，藉助先進的計算機系統模擬技術，首次利用應急疏散模擬軟體orems對整個疏散過程進行了模擬，得到了總體疏散時間、平均疏散速度等可以為決策者提供決策支持的關鍵參數，並對模擬結果作了分析。
  6. Chapter one foreword is to introduce subject source, research object, meaning, domestic and international development trends, the study way and technological route, etc. ; chapter two theory part is to recommend public financial theory, the budget theory of government, the appraisal theory of government performance, etc. ; chapter three gives a full explanation which project should be regarded as the project appropriation budget for maritime affairs ; chapter four includes two respect contents of the project appropriation budget of maritime affairs : to verify and to manage the project appropriation budget in an order ; chapter five is a study to the appraisal method of the project appropriation budget of unit of maritime affairs, structuring the mode of two delphi and giving an example to the equipment purchase project ; the last chapter has summarized the questions that should be paid attention to while appraising the appropriation budget of the project, and probed int o the development trend of appropriation budget of project

    第1章引言，主要介紹課題來源、研究對象、意義、國內外發展動態、研究方式及技術路線等；第2章理論部分，介紹公共財政理論、政府預算理論、政府績效評價理論等；第3章詳細說明了海事單位哪些可以作為項目支出預算；第4章海事單位項目支出預算入庫管理包括兩方面內容：入庫審核和排序；第5章海事單位項目支出預算評價方法研究，構建了兩次專家調查法模式，結合設備購置項目加以說明；最後一章總結了在項目支出預算評價中應注意的問題，並探討了項目支出預算工作的發展趨勢。
  7. The discussion of the label " groupware " has essentially only one aspect ? the denotation of those instrumentalities through which cscw ( the phenomenon ) is realized and toward which cscw ( the field ) addresses itself. this paper concerns in two important issues on groupware system : 1 ) " issue on the openess and integration of legacy system " : with the rapid progress of internet and the continual emergence of commercial software system, how to integrate into the new infrastructure the enterprise ' s mission - critical it assets. 2 ) " issue on tailorablility based on composability and extensibility " : depending on factors such as task, group, duration and context, cooperative work can have many forms

    2 ）群件系統支持用戶協同工作，用戶需求因協同目的、形式、環境的不同差異很大，一個成功的群件產品應該具備高度的靈活性以適應這些需求，本文稱之為「基於復合和擴展的可裁剪性問題」這兩個問題的提出源於實驗室課題「建築工程項目和圖檔管理系統」的開發，作者通過實踐和理論的總結，將corba技術與組件模型運用到了這兩個問題的探討中，在前人研究的基礎上，成功的解決了上述問題，並將論文的結論和方法應用到了課題中，作為開發的指導，取得了良好的成效。
  8. By exploring the economic industry background, social historical background and natural geographical background, the author studies the comparative advantages of kunming exhibition tourism development, and describes the five supporting elements of the general positioning of kunming city exhibition tourism image and brand, brand subject and object construction, etc. the features of exhibition is pointed out at the final part, as well as how to build the brand of kunming exhibition tourism

    第二部分是實證部分，也是本文研究的重點，對昆明會展旅遊品牌建設的經濟產業背景、社會歷史文化背景和自然地理背景進行深入挖掘，發現昆明會展旅遊發展的比較優勢，提出昆明城市會展旅遊品牌形象的總體定位、品牌的五大支撐要素、品牌的主體和客體建設等內容。結論部分點出了會展旅遊的特質，對昆明會展旅遊的品牌建設道路進行總結。
  9. The director of lands and the director of buildings are looking at lease conditions and building regulations to provide the best support and incentives for developers, professionals and contractors to design and construct quality buildings, to use safe, durable and maintainable materials, to contribute to a maintenance fund, and to lengthen the warranty period for latent defects

    地政總署署長及屋宇署署長正研究有關的批地契約條款及建築物規例，提供最佳的支持及誘因，鼓勵發展商專業人士及承建商設計及建造優質樓宇使用安全耐用的物料注資成立維修基金定出較長的樓宇保養期。
  10. The petroleum analogy points to the root cause of the problem : uniquely among big industries, notes joseph fuller, head of monitor, a management consultancy, the oil and drugs businesses are “ self - liquidating ”

    咨詢公司摩立特的總裁約瑟夫?福勒說道，石油行業與制藥業相似，從中能看出問題的根本原因：在大型行業中，唯獨石油和制藥業的收入與研發支出成比例。
  11. Being living below this kind of backdrop, and possessing the small and medium - sized enterprise to western developed country, burgeoning industry country along with part of developing country of indispensability to thaw the expenses setup researching, and sum up with understanding, in order that " making foreign things serve china ", on the basis of the concrete situation of small and medium - sized enterprise of our country the west, uniting the small and medium - sized enterprise of some improvements that our country soon take thawing the expenses one ' s lot step, how the inquirement is establish further thaws the expenses support setup with the small and medium - sized enterprise of consummate our country the west very much, thereby the person who still more penetrates into carries forward the further implementation that was greatly opened up the strategy in the west

    在這種背景下，很有必要對西方發達國家，新興工業國家以及部分發展中國家的中小企業融資體系進行研究，總結和認識，以便「洋為中用」 ，根據我國西部中小企業的具體情況，結合我國即將採取的一些改善中小企業融資境遇的措施，探討如何進一步建立和完善我國西部中小企業融資支持體系，從而更深入的推進西部大開發戰略的進一步實施。在本文的研究過程中，運用了實證分析和規范分析相結合，歷史分析和邏輯歸納相結合的方法，分析事實，探討理論，力爭最大限度的結合我國西部的實際情況，充分借鑒國外經驗，勾畫出一個比較切合西部實際的中小企業融資體系框架。
  12. All of these lay a foundation for next part of the papers. in the next part, the article defines building as the enterprise incubator, makes an induction of common formation, and minutely analyses the internal factors, which affect design and constructioa according to these, ihe article sums up design content of office region, experiment region and information sustainment - system, then, gives a piece of option on building modeling design and landscape design. in the end, the paper brings forward some design principle and method through analyzing cases

    論文接著對「企業孵化器建築」進行界定，歸納其常見形態，詳細分析了影響「企業孵化器建築」設計和建設的內在原因，對常見「企業孵化器建築」的研發辦公區、中試實驗區以及信息支持系統的設計內容進行分析和初步總結，對其建築造型和環境景觀設計提出了看法，並結合部分實例以便讀者形成直觀印象，最後提出了設計「企業孵化器建築」的原則和途徑。
  13. Overall, it spent us $ 162. 3 million on r & d in 2005, up more than 80 % from the previous year and more than five times the 2000 level

    其2005年研發支出總額達到1 . 623億美元，較前一年增長80 % ，是2000年的5倍。
  14. In this paper, basing on intruducing the technology supporting the m - commerce, the m - commerce ' s emergence and its foreground, we summarize its characteristic and the technic request of m - commerce application ; study the rule of mt and bring forward generic model of mt ; and simulate the mt crosses the boundary of las by computer simulation ; during the simulation, we design a method of a mobile acrosses the boundary of las in six direction ; then, analysis the result from the simulation by visual c + + 6. 0 and get the conclusion : mobile roaming is locality. this conclusion is significant to the design of the location management. considering the characteristic of m - commerce application and the mt ' s mobility, we present a position strategy, including reporting center selection, adaptive update and forwarding pointers

    本文在介紹了移動商務的支撐技術以及它的出現和發展前景的基礎之上，通過對移動商務框架的剖析和對應用的研究，總結出了移動商務的特點和各種應用的技術要求；對移動商務中移動臺規律進行研究，提出了移動臺的一般模型；利用計算機模擬技術，對移動臺越區漫遊進行了模擬；在模擬過程中設計了基於微蜂窩網路的移動臺的6個方向越區漫遊模擬演算法，然後用visualc + + 6 . 0所編制的程序的運行結果進行分析，得出了移動臺越區漫遊具有局部性的結論。
  15. The study of the statement and extant problems in china analyzes that although china possesses a unique and rich culture resources, the people has a low awareness of the protection of the culture resources ; the distribution of the culture resources lacks competition at the international level ; the irrational distribution of the culture resources restricts the development of the culture resources. based on the above - mentioned achievements, the paper states the categories of china ' s culture markets and its consumption groups. after illustrating the statement of the market capacity of china ' s culture industry by a model, the author points out that in spite of the fast development of china ' s culture markets, the course of its development, which moves along a horizon of low level balance between supply and demand, is in a state of non - symmetry and has structural conflictions

    根據以上研究成果，本論文得出了以下基本結論：我國的文化消費由於收入水平的不同，不同的消費群體之間有著很大的差別，且區域間的文化消費不平衡，出現了由東向西的「擠壓傳遞放應」 ；我國文化產業的市場空間沒目前雖然發展很快，而且有著巨大的發展空間，但是在其發展過程中是一種低水平總體上的供求平衡，處于非對稱狀態，存在著結構性矛盾；我國居民在文教娛樂服務消費擴大的同時，其內部結構並不完全合理，這其中的消費，絕大部分是教育消費，而教育支出的過于龐大，實際上已經制約了居民的其它文化消費。
  16. Then detailed, analyze the agriculture public fiscal expenditure scale through the years, made a conclusion that the total amounts of agriculture fiscal expenditure increase continuously, however the scale descends continuously. comparing with other province, henan agriculture public finance expending is very low in scale. inquiry into agriculture public finance expending scale descent, and predict future 10 - year agriculture public finance expenditure total amount ; make use of the quantitative analysis method analysis henan province agriculture public finance expenditure benefit, include the agriculture public finance expenditure to the contribution of agriculture increase, the flexibility coefficient of the agriculture public fiscal expenditure, agriculture public fiscal expenditure construction performance etc, and analyze to make the factor that invite performance ' s develop ; finally, on the above analytic foundation, put forward public finance frame bottom agriculture public fiscal expenditure funds management mode

    本文首先在導言中闡述了國內外關于農業財政支出的相關理論，為后續的研究提供理論基礎和分析的方法論；然後詳細、具體地分析歷年來河南農業財政支出規模變動情況，得出農業財政支出總量雖不斷增長，支出規模卻在波動中不斷下降、與其它省份相比河南農業財政支出規模偏低的結論，探討了河南農業財政支出規模下降的原因，並預測未來十年河南農業財政支出總量；接著運用定量的分析方法分析河南農業財政支出效益情況，包括農業財政支出對農業增長的貢獻，農業財政支出的彈性系數變化，農業財政支出結構效益等，並分析制約效益發揮的因素? ?農業財政支出資金管理不善；最後，在上述分析的基礎上，提出公共財政框架下農業財政支出資金全過程管理模式，具體包括：農業財政支出投放體系、支農資金管理體系、支農項目管理體系、評估體系、決策體系以及監督體系等六大體系。
  17. A model of the system of the irm on the internet business is constructed and some suggestions are put forward in chapter 4 to chapter 6. the main contents of each chapter are as following. as introductory remarks, chapter 1 discusses the background and foundation of the subject selection, and relates the purposes, significance and innovation of the dissertation ; based on the study of fundamental theory of the irm, chapter 2 discusses the concept and characteristics of the irm on the internet business ; chapter 3 advances a theory that the irm on the internet business is a sub - subject of irm based on the theory of information sciences, irm, knowledge management and networks economics, etc. ; hi chapter 4, the types of the ir on the internet business are distinguished, and the distribution of them in the main financial websites is discussed, centering on the structure and characteristics of financial information resources on the internet, and evaluation of the ir on the internet business ; in chapter 5, the structure of the ir of three financial websites, including the dowj ones financial website, the forbes financial website and the homeway financial website are reviewed, and the development of the chinese financial websites ( companies ) is studied ; chapter 6 gives out a model of constructing a system of the irm on the internet business and put forward

    各部分的主要內容如下：第1章作為導論部分討論了論文選題的背景和依據，並對本文的研究的目的、意義以及創新點等進行了闡述；第2章在總結信息資源管理的基礎理論研究的基礎上，探討了網路商務信息資源管理的概念和特徵；第3章以網路信息資源管理活動為出發點，提出網路商務信息資源管理是在信息科學、信息資源管理、知識管理和網路經濟學等學科理論的基礎上形成的信息資源管理中的分支學科；第4章對網路商務信息資源的類型進行了劃分，討論了各種類型信息資源在主要財經網站上的分佈，重點討論了網路財經信息資源的構成和特徵，對網路商務信息資源的評價也進行了研究；第5章是在前面的理論研究的基礎上，對道瓊斯、福布斯和和訊等3個財經網站的信息資源結構進行了考察，討論了各網站的資源特點，對中國財經網站的發展進行了思考和研究；第6章主要是對網路商務信息資源管理的實踐提出了建議和構思，其中給出了網路商務信息資源管理的構建模型。
  18. Hi - tech industry is a backbone industry in the age of knowledge economy ; taking the shanghai zhangjiang hi - tech park as an object, and based on the analysis & research results by domestics and overseas experts, the paper brings forward the factors affecting hi - tech parks " allocation. differentiated from traditional allocation affecting factors, characters of knowledge economy are taken into consideration when high - tech industry districts allocation are planned, besides, significance of allocation factors has varied relevantly

    高新技術產業是知識經濟時代的支柱產業，本文以上海張江高科技園區為研究對象，在國內外學者對高科技園區研究總結的基礎上，提出高科技園區發展的區位因子，與傳統產業區位影響因子不同的是，高新技術產業布局時對于區位因子的考慮體現了知識經濟的特徵，區位因子對于產業發展的含義也相應發生了變化。
  19. The following part, through the analysis of the effect of the government ' s controlling behaviors to the economy gross theoretically and positively and research on the relations between taxation, financial expenditure, deficit and gross national product, the author led to the conclusion : our aggrandizing financial policies work well, which is featured in expanding expenditures and non - abatement of tax because the aggrandizement of financial expenditure has n ' t brought the squeeze effect to private investments

    從而得出：在近幾年，我國若實行減稅的擴張政策，則政策效果不會大的結論。其次，對我國財政支出總量及其各個構成部分與gdp之間的關系進行研究分析，藉以了解政府支出政策的效應，發現我國財政支出總量的增加能對gdp產生較大的影響，從而得出我國政府近年來實行的擴大支出不減稅的擴張性財政政策比較有效。
  20. The main contents and achievements are as follows : 1. to develop the dental modeling software, a three - layer modeling system structure is presented including theory layer, tool layer and application layer. input models, output models and inner core models are designed for the dental modeling software in detail using the main line of data flow

    本文主要研究內容和成果如下: （ 1 ）設計了口腔修復體造型系統軟體的總體構架，從系統研發角度，提出了軟體系統結構包括:理論層、工具層和應用層三個部分，可以支持各種口腔修復應用需求。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書