科研支出 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [kēyánzhīchū]
科研支出
英文
research and development expenditure-
Some successful examples about agricultural science institutions in industrialization of agricultural sci - tech products are by listing and analysing. it was concluded that agricultural research institutions should positively go to market under the help and leading of the government and relative sector. according to the demand of modern enterprise system the scientific company shoul d be positively set up by the academy of agriculture sciences and the sci - tech products should be integrated, altered, perfected and reprocess, which could transfer the unbodied assets to embodied merchandise
通過列舉部分農業科研機構成果轉化的成功案例，並進行分析，作出總結結論：農業科研機構應在政府和有關部門支持、引導下，主動面向市場，利用自身人才、技術等優勢，按現代企業制度要求，積極興辦科技企業，由企業對科技成果進行集成、改造、完善和再加工，將無形資產轉變或融入到有形的商品中去，並通過企業運作進行示範、推廣、建基地、布網路，逐步擴大規模並形成產業，最終以科技成果產業化的形式實現農業科技成果的轉化。The electronic module of new digital caliper takes fully enclosed design, frees from the erosion of water, coolant and oil, so the new digital caliper can be used under many kinds of bad working condition
在廣州市政府的資助和廣科技局的支持下，公司相繼研發出多項成果，並成功應用到數顯量具的生產中，使傳統數顯量具的可靠性準確性得到進一步提高。Taking agricultural research and development ( r & d ) of ningxia university as an example, the status in quo and problem was analyzed in this paper, and several new measures was put forward, such as designing innovational manage system which is suitable to need of modern agriculture, boosting effective cooperation between decision - making of local government and r & d of university, reinforcing the innovational platform construction of agricultural science and technology, fostering the newly scientific domain, cultivating outstanding leader of scientific research, developing group spirit in order to build agrscience and technology exploiting system and new fashion popularizing and medi - service system adapted to market economy relied on the professional institute, life school and agriculture college
摘要以寧夏大學農業科技研發為例，通過對農業科技現狀的分析，針對發展中存在的問題，提出了一些新思路，如構建適應現代化農業發展需要的創新管理體系，促進政府決策與高等院校科研有效互動，加強農業科技創新平臺建設，積極培育新的科研增長點，培養科技帥才，發揚團隊精神，構建以專業研究機構和農學院、生命科學學院為依?的農業科技開發體系，及適應市場經濟體制的新型農業推廣和中介服務體系，建立和完善農業科技管理體制及運行機制等，以期推動寧夏大學的農業科技創新，為地方經濟建設提供強有力的科技支撐。Some policy priorities are formulated for the development of 3 hot crops, which include ( 1 ) a well system of breeding for the 3 crops has to be set up ; ( 2 ) the growth area of the 3 crops has to be well planned and organized ; ( 3 ) the leading enterprises have to be empowered for competence in market ; ( 4 ) a well performing market system be prescribed ; ( 5 ) technology should be emphasized for the improvement of productivity of the crops ; ( 6 ) leadership should be improved in order to create a good environment for the development of baodi ' s featured agriculture
研究和提出了適合寶坻特色農業發展的有關對策： （ 1 ）完善「三辣」良種育繁供體系建設，為產業化發展打下基礎； （ 2 ）優化「三辣」區域布局，提高組織化程度； （ 3 ）培育壯大龍頭企業，提高競爭力和帶動力； （ 4 ）完善農產品市場體系和流通體系； （ 5 ）發揮科技支撐作用，提高「三辣」生產的水平； （ 6 ）加強領導，為寶坻特色農業產業化經營創造良好的外部環境。With the rapid development of high - speed networks and the design of software for network parallel computing such as pvm, mpi, express linda and p4, the merits of network parallel computing, such as small costs, quick returns, strong flexility and high ratio of performance to costs, are more outstanding, making the network parallel computing be favored by more and more universities and research institutes both at home and abroad and become one of the important branches of parallel and distributed computing
高速信息網路的飛速發展以及網路并行計算支撐軟體如pvm 、 mpi 、 express 、 linda ， p4等的出現，使得網路并行計算的投資少、見效快、靈活性強、性能價格比高等諸多優點顯得更加突出，受到國內外越來越多的大學和科研單位的青睞，已成為并行計算和分散式計算技術的重要發展方向。With regards to a changing environment of marketization, globalization and more dependence on internet, the paper herein aims to give a holistic analysis of historical development, strategic structures, and the models leading to innovation in the fields of teaching and researching and the supporting system in the institutions of higher education in china. methodologically, the analysis adopts the theories and approaches from economics, management, and education. the paper also analyzes and evaluates the achievements and effectiveness in the innovation of the administrative system inside the institutions of higher education
本論文立足市場化、網路化和全球化的外部環境變化，綜合運用經濟學、管理學和教育學的理論和方法，全面系統地分析了高校內部管理體制創新的歷史脈絡、戰略構想以及教學科研和支撐保障體系等兩大領域創新的具體模式，並對高校內部管理體制創新的績效進行了分析和評價，最後從宏觀的角度提出了高校內部管理體制創新的政策建議。China ' s expenditure on national defense falls into the following categories : personnel expenses, mainly including pay, food and clothing of military and non - military personnel ; costs for maintenance of activities, mainly including military training, construction and maintenance of facilities and running expenses ; and costs for equipment, including research and experimentation, procurement, maintenance, transportation and storage
按支出項目分，中國國防費包括：人員生活費，主要用於軍官、士兵、文職幹部和職工的工資、伙食、服裝等；活動維持費，主要用於部隊訓練、工程設施建設及維護和日常消耗性支出；裝備費，主要用於武器裝備的科研、試驗、采購、維修、運輸和儲存等。Facing the unprecedented development opportunities for yunnan tea industry, the thesis draws three suggestions on how to advance the development of the tea industry in yunnan province : firstly, financial policy should be adjusted ( financial disburse policy ) : intensify financial support on tea industry and invest more financial funds on tea research, technologies extension, pests and diseases monitoring, prevention and cure as well as tea garden infrastructure construction
面對雲南茶葉歷史上前所未有的發展機遇，如何推進雲南茶葉產業的發展，本文提出三方面的政策建議：第一，調整財政政策（財政支出政策） ：加大財政對茶葉產業的支持力度，增加財政對茶葉科研、技術推廣、病蟲害監測和防治、茶園基礎設施建設投入。The discuss starts from the " positive externalities " of tech - research and development, pointing out that the products of tech - research and development somewhat has the property of " public good ". without < wp = 8 > government ' s interfere, the intensity of tech - research and development by private section ca n ' t meet the need of " pareto optism " because of the " positive externalities ", as a result, the items of venture capital are insufficient and the development of venture captal will be pull back. rational policies of government expediture can internalize the " positive externalities " - transforming them to more revenue or less cost of the tech - research and development private suppliers. be feared of the high risk at the beginning of venture capital, the private section ca n ' t provide enough capital, the " capital gap " should be fetched up by government with equity capital, creditor ' s right capital, subcidy, at the same time, some other means, such as government purchase, credit guarantee, capital insurance, tax expenditure can promte private capital, is also important. in this part, the function of the above means, the establishment and enforcment of them are breafly discussed. because tax policies play a critical role in fiscal policy, r - y chart is used to analyse the relation between tax and venture capital, at last, a conclution is drawn : tax expenditure can promote venture capital
這部分論述從科技研發成果的「外溢性」入手，指出科技研發成果在不同程度上具有「公共品」性質，這種外溢性使得在純市場條件下，私人部門研發活動強度達不到社會資源配置最優的要求，也使風險投資項目來源不足， < wp = 6 >阻礙風險投資的發展。合理的政府財政支出政策可以使「外溢性」內部化。之後，論述了風險投資資本來源與政府財政支出政策的關系，由於風險投資尤其是其初期的高風險性，民間風險資本不足，應由政府以股權及債權投資、補助等財政直接支出方式彌補資本缺口，運用政府采購、財政擔保、保險、貼息、稅收優惠等間接支出方式，鼓勵民間資本進入風險投資領域也同樣重要。The share issuance is to complement these strategies by using the net proceeds for r d expenditure, marketing and promotion, establishing distribution centers in six major cities in the prc
為了實踐這套策略，公司將透過上市集資所得的金額用作科研支出推廣和廣告于中國六個主要城市成立分銷中心。The share issuance is to complement these strategies by using the net proceeds for r & d expenditure, marketing and promotion, establishing distribution centers in six major cities in the prc
為了實踐這套策略，公司將透過上市集資所得的金額用作科研支出；推廣和廣告；于中國六個主要城市成立分銷中心。The third part : analysis and experience learning of government expenditure in higher education from the u. s. and japan. from such aspects as capital source structure, scholarship system and government expenditure in higher education research, the author introduces the expenditure policies of the u. s. and japanese government in high
第三部分美日兩國政府高等教育支出的分析與經驗借鑒從高校資金來源結構、助學體系、高等教育科研支出政策等方面對美國、日本政府高等教育支出政策進行了介紹，並提出了幾點經驗借鑒。The second part : analysis on status quo and problems of government expenditure in higher education in our country. from such aspects as fiscal system of higher education, the expenditure scale, the interest return and some major objects, the author does a comprehensive and systematic analysis on our government expenditure in higher education
第二部分我國政府高等教育支出的現狀及問題分析從高等教育財政體制、支出規模、利益歸宿和主要相關項目（包括面向個人和家庭的補助支出、對高等教育的科研支出、對不同性質專業的支出、鼓勵社會捐資助學政策及對私立高校的支持情況）等幾個方面對我國政府高等教育支出存在的問題進行了全面、系統地分析。This article first analyzes a paradoxical phenomenon that is predominant in campus lan settings where there is a large amount of idle cpu cycles available while at the same time the computing needs from many researchers ca n ' t be met. it proposes an idea of setting up a campus computing grid with a detailed plan for its implementation, discusses the challenges of upscaling a campus computing grid into an internet computing grid and suggests possible solutions. gram ( grid resource allocation manager ) of globus toolkit 3. 2 and relative technology on it is studied, and the solutions to extend gram to support task rescheduling and the cooperation type task are proposed. the design and implement of the gram client based on web that is the kernel part of the task anagement module are discussed, and the design of resource discovery module and task transfer module are gived
本文首先分析了校園網環境中存在大量計算資源閑置與科研人員科學計算需要得不到滿足之間的矛盾，給出了建立校園計算網格的構想及具體的設計方案，並提出了校園計算網格推廣到internet計算網格存在的問題及解決方案;研究了globustoolkit3 . 2中的資源分配管理器gram及其相關技術，並給出了擴展gram對任務再調度和協作型任務支持的解決方案;設計實現了校園計算網格中任務管理模塊的核心部分基於web的gram客戶端，並介紹了資源發現與任務遷移模塊的設計;然後在分析min - min調度演算法基礎上，借鑒qosguidedmin - min演算法的思想，並利用主機資源分類的思想，給出了在負載平衡和時間跨度都有較大改善的balance - qosguidedmin - min演算法模型的思想與實現;最後設計實現了調度演算法驗證模塊，並在此模塊上對比了改進的演算法balance - qosguidedmin - min與min - min演算法的調度性能。Consequently, in order to promote the application of water - saving irrigation technology. it is essential that ( 1 ) to strengthen farmers " participation in irrigation technology construction and management ; ( 2 ) to introduce credit means and scientific research of high technology and low cost ; ( 3 ) to carry out policy of adjustment of agricultural water price and product structure accordingly ; ( 4 ) to form system of water - saving irrigation technology according to water resource reserves and farmers " economical endurance in different areas
為此，提出以下促進中國農業節水灌溉技術應用的政策建議： （ 1 ）加強灌溉工程建設和管理中的農戶參與。 （ 2 ）運用信貸手段和加強高科技含量、低成本的節水技術的科研投入等政府政府支持政策來激勵農產的技術需求。 （ 3 ）實行灌溉水價的結構性調整和農業生產結構調整相結合的策略，以便增強農戶技術改造的積累能力； （ 4 ）依據農業資源的地區性差異和農戶的經濟承受能力，分區域構建節水灌溉技術體系。Enterprises carrying out science and technology activities : refer to enterprises that systematically carry out science and technology activities with corresponding budget and expenditures
開展科技活動的企業：是指有組織地開展科研和技術開發活動，並有相應經費支出的企業。The strengths and opportunities include ( 1 ) implementation of sustainable development strategy at the state level ; ( 2 ) local ecotourism development ; ( 3 ) industry structure based on non - wood resource utilization ; ( 4 ) local residents ' good sense of environment protection ; ( 5 ) establishment of co - management model in the communities
強勢與機會有：國家可持續發展戰略的實施；當地生態旅遊的發展；基於非木質資源利用為主的產業結構；當地居民良好的環境保護意識；社區共管模式雛形的出現；強有力的林業科研力量支撐。It is supported in various technical aspects by national research center for intelligent computing systems " ncic " and national research center for high performance computers " nchpc " under ministry of science and technology
曙光由著名計算機專家，中國科學院計算技術研究所所長李國傑博士出任董事長，其科研隊伍擁有十餘項發明專利，並且得到中科院計算所國家智能計算機研究開發中心及國家高性能計算機工程中心技術支持。Since the reform and open policy was executed, along with 1988, 1994, 1998 " s three great changes of government functions, as well as the socialism market economy system was built and perfect step by step, the government " s guiding ideology to the economy management, the guidance principle and method to finance and accounting management work occurred deep change, the state - owned enterprise breaking off relations with the competent department, the scientific research unit turned, and the education system reformed put into effect in succession, the step that government " s manages changing from concreting economic behavior to macroscopic management passes quicken. tax revenue system, finance and accounting system, budget system and national treasury are concentrated and are paid the system and the government purchases all reformation such as system etc, and give the finance and accounting management work of government department to have poured into the new content
改革開放以來，隨著1988年、 1994年、 1998年三次政府職能的重大轉變，以及社會主義市場經濟體制的逐步建立和完善，政府部門無論是對經濟管理工作的指導思想和具體內容，還是對財會管理工作的指導原則和方法都發生了深刻變化，國有企業與主管部門脫鉤，科研單位轉制、教育體制改革相繼出臺，政府由管理具體的經濟行為向宏觀管理過渡的步伐逐步加快；稅收制度、財會制度、預算制度、國庫集中支付制度、政府采購制度等各項改革，給政府部門的財會管理工作注入了新的內容。( l ) it was pointed out that the ecological agriculture integration system should integrate the ecological production, the ecological processing and ecological marketing into vertical industry chain and network by the principles of ecological link and longitudinal joint, and the evolution to realize ecological agriculture integration in china was to develop non - pollution food, green food, and organic food stage by stage. the evolution path to develop ecological agriculture in china gradually was also the effective and practical path fitted to the situation of china to realize the connection of tracks with the international criterion. ( 2 ) two development models of ecological agriculture integration were summed up
本文通過理論與案例相結合的研究，取得了如下結果：理論研究結果： （ 1 ）提出了生態農產品生產、生態農產品加工和生態農產品銷售縱向連接的產業化體系；生態耦合與縱向連接相結合的設計原則；生態農業產業化動力是可持續的消費需求； 「安全?綠色?有機」金字塔體系與國際接軌的生態農業產業化途徑； （ 2 ）總結了「主導產業帶動型」和「龍頭企業帶動型」兩種生態農業產業化發展模式； （ 3 ）歸納了標準化、企業化、層次化、品牌經營、科技支撐以及政策措施和組織保障等保障體系，指出生態農業產業化保障體系是生態農業產業化體系的有機構成和重要支撐。分享友人