科研費用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [kēyánbìyòng]
科研費用 英文
research and development costs
  • 科 : Ⅰ名詞1 （學術或業務的類別） a branch of academic or vocational study 2 （機關按工作性質而分設的單...
  • 研 : 研同 「硯」
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 科研 : scientific research
  • 費用 : cost; expenses; outlay
  1. Dr randall burd, a pediatric surgeon and researcher at robert wood johnson medical school, and colleagues looked in particular at postoperative complications, the length of time the patients spent in hospital, how much the hospital charged, and the number of deaths as a result of the surgery

    兒外科醫師、羅伯特.伍德.約翰遜醫學院研究員蘭德洱.伯德博士及其同事細致調查了手術並發癥、住院時間、費用和由於手術導致的死亡數目。
  2. At the same time, the spare costs take up a quite great share. one of the most important problems is how to optimize spare inventory allocation scientifically, and seek the best balance between spare cost and availability

    因此如何對備件庫存配置實施科學的優化決策，尋求備件費用與戰備完好性之間的最佳平衡，是維修保障研究中的一個重要問題。
  3. Considering that the enterprise cannot research the " customer - enterprise " value deeply, on the basis of that, the paper puts forward evaluating system of customer value in the enterprise according to value contribution, applies ahp to analyze weight of the indexes in consultation with marketing management and selling personnel of the enterprise and relevant experts and then exert clustering analysis and sas software to classify the customers according to the current value and potential value, provide the strategies of the customer classification management. in addition, any resource is exiguity, including economical resource. this paper defines economical resource, puts forward the model of optimum distributing resource and utilizes the method of linear regress equation to get result, which to grope for a new method about calculating marketing expenditure

    本文首先界定了客戶和客戶價值的含義，同時闡述了關系營銷中客戶價值的理論以及客戶價值的影響因素，針對目前「客戶?企業」價值的研究還不成熟的研究現狀，以及現實中還沒有定量分析客戶價值大小的方法，本文提出了一套具有可操作性的客戶價值評價的指標體系，對客戶可以進行比較全面的、多角度的評價，同時採用ahp法對這個評價體系中的各指標因子賦以合理的權重，然後運用聚類分析法和sas統計軟體對客戶群進行了科學地細分，在此基礎上幫助企業制定出不同細分客戶群組的營銷策略；除此之外，考慮到目前企業對于營銷資源的合理分配問題還沒有進行過深入地討論，本著企業經營的根本目的是盈利的原則，論文結合經濟學原理以及計量經濟學中的多元線性回歸分析提出了實現利潤最大化的營銷資源配置的優化模型，旨在探索一種銷售費用最優配置的方法。
  4. ( 1 ) it sums up the three ideas of economics used to study urban planning, clearly expressing the theoretical point of view of this study, the co - existence of the theories of interlizing of externalities by a. c. pigou ' s and transaction cost and property right by ronald harry coase, which emphasizes that when market is developing on the basis of a perspicuity of property right and a economized of transaction cost, government intervention and revenue modulation should not be neglected

    其具體內容如下： （ 1 ）系統研究和總結了城市規劃理論相關的經濟學發展上的三種思路。從而確定了本課題研究的理論支撐點：即庇古提出的外部效果內部化理論與科斯的交易費用與產權理論有可共存之處。在強調產權明晰與節省交易費用並以市場化發展為主導的同時，需要政府的干預和稅收調節。
  5. As a new generation of micro - satellite based on micro - electro - mechanic system ( mems ), pico - satellite, in virtue of its low weight ( 1kg or lighter ), is unburdened from high - cost large sending sets. thereby research of pico - satellite can be progressed with much lower cost without huge experimental establishments and wide - span workshops so that institutions, mostly universities, became the main researching force. besides reduced expenses, another advantage of research in university laboratories is the potential high privacy

    皮型衛星是新一代以mems技術為核心的微小衛星，由於質量很輕（ 1kg以下） ，可不使用高成本的大型運載工具進行發射，其成本可比一般衛星大大降低；此外，皮型衛星的研製將不再需要大型的實驗設施和高跨度廠房，因此目前大學等研究機構是研製皮型衛星的主要科研力量，在大學的實驗室里研製皮型衛星，可以降低它們的研製費用。
  6. The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory

    第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。
  7. At last, the paper analyses chinese manage system of national defense scientific research, give some advice that weaken the disadvantage influence of asymmetric information : in the aspect of the management direction idea, giving priority to technology and efficiency, other appraisement standard being assistant, to make up of multi - ply appraisement standard system ; to consummate invite public bidding ; to implement the management system of national defense that navy, air force, army unite to implement national defense scientific research ; to carry out the scientific research " s outlay management system of " render an account - drawing " ; to maintain competition of the management of national defense scientific research ; to develop international cooperate of national defense scientific research and commerce, realize civil - military two - using ; to implement law - code of national defense scientific research, strengthen the rule of law idea

    最後，文章對我國的國防科研管理體制現狀進行了分析，並對如何減弱信息不對稱的不利影響提出了幾點建議：在國防科研管理指導思想上，以技術和效率為主導，結合其他評價標準，形成多層次的評價標準體系；完善國防科研招標管理體制；實行三軍聯合研究的科研管理體制；實行「報帳提款制」的科研經費管理體制；保持國防科研項目實施過程中一定程度的競爭；開展國際科研合作與貿易，實現軍民兩用；完善國防科研的法律、法規體系建設，增強法治觀念。
  8. Using this estimating equation, the manager can predict what the annual profit will be from the amount budgeted for research.

    用這個估計公式，經理就可以根據科研預算經費額測算出年利潤額。
  9. Result : the decision tree consisted of multiple levels of branches and color blocks to present the output and the sequence of information gathered ( e. g., length of stay > disease classification > mode of departure from the hospital > triage > medical specific ) and reflected the degree to which the distribution of medical expenses were influenced

    結果：決策樹以多層次之樹枝分佈及顏色區塊等視覺化方式呈現研究結果；其中資訊增益順序為（滯留時間疾病分類離院后動向檢傷分級科別） ，該資訊增益之順序也代表屬性影響醫療費用分佈之程度，意即滯留時間為決定急診病色醫療費用多寡之首要因素。
  10. Application of hierarchical cluster analysis in raising outlay of science research

    聚類分析在我國科研經費籌集中的應用
  11. It has become an important source for scholarships, research and equipment

    目前，這種捐贈行為已經成為獎學金、科研經費和設施費用的重要資金來源。
  12. The standard system of the university performance audit must be established on economy, efficiency and effectiveness and constituted by the standard of economy and efficiency, the standard of effectiveness and the good system standard, in which the standard of economy and efficiency is reflected through funding structure, fund balance ratio, the resource use efficiency indicator and the fund use structure indicator ; the standard of effectiveness is reflected through educational standard, research capabilities, student training quality and social well - known and recognized degree ; the good system standard is reflected through school running thoughts, school target positioning, school regulation building, school

    高校績效審計標準體系必須圍繞經濟性、效率性和效果性來建立，由經濟性效率性標準、效果性標準、良好制度標準三部分組成。其中經濟性、效率性標準通過經費來源結構、經費結余比率、資源利用效率指標、經費使用結構指標四方面來反映;效果性標準通過辦學水平、科研能力、學生培養質量、社會知名和認可程度等指標來反映;良好制度標準通過學校辦學思路、學校目標定位、學校規章制度建設、學校教學質量監控及測評系統等方面來體現。
  13. China ' s expenditure on national defense falls into the following categories : personnel expenses, mainly including pay, food and clothing of military and non - military personnel ; costs for maintenance of activities, mainly including military training, construction and maintenance of facilities and running expenses ; and costs for equipment, including research and experimentation, procurement, maintenance, transportation and storage

    按支出項目分，中國國防費包括：人員生活費，主要用於軍官、士兵、文職幹部和職工的工資、伙食、服裝等；活動維持費，主要用於部隊訓練、工程設施建設及維護和日常消耗性支出；裝備費，主要用於武器裝備的科研、試驗、采購、維修、運輸和儲存等。
  14. Our company will supply trial products for free for the researchers of high technology

    我公司將為高科技領域科研人員免費提供試用品。
  15. The virtual experiment based on vr ( virtual reality ) technology is a new advanced computer simulation technology. the advantage of using virtual experiment is unique and obvious. the advantages include about tasting the experiment process, understanding and analyzing easy simulation result, economizing the experiment expenses, reducing research and development times

    基於虛擬現實技術（ virtualreality ）的虛擬試驗技術（ virtualexperiment ）是一種先進的計算機模擬技術，它在「體驗」試驗過程，分析、理解模擬的結果，減少試驗費用，縮短研究開發時間等方面具有獨特的優勢，是科學界和工程界所關注的技術之一。
  16. A optimizing model of port construction scale is established in the thesis and the variants in the model are selected scientifically and suitably based on analyzing the each factor to influence the freight cost which occurs in transportation system. according to the model trait, every variant meaning and mutual relation between variants hi the model, the restriction condition of optimizing scale for port construction is educed, a simpler method which is called " climb hill " method is used to find the optimizing solution and corresponding computer program is developed

    分析研究了運輸系統中各種費用項目對貨物轉運費的影響程度，科學合理地選取費用項目，建立了港口規模優化模型，根據模型的特點和各參變量的物理意義及其相互關系導出了港口最優規模必須滿足的條件，給出了利用相對比較簡單的「爬山法」尋求最優解的方法，研製了相應的計算程序。
  17. Its developing fund is short as the others cities, in order to implement the traffic project as planning, state allocate funds should be applied for. besides, according to other fields " effects to road traffic in the city construction ( such as the effects of house developing and using ), after scientific traffic effect eveluting, traffic department can impose traffic development study to solve the problem of short of money

    要想按計劃完成各個交通項目，除了向大力向國家申請撥款外，根據城市構成的其他領域對道路交通流的影響（如房地產開發與使用對附近道路交通產生的影響） ，通過科學的交通影響評價，交通部門可向其徵收交通影響費，用於道路建設或交通發展研究，緩解資金緊張問題。
  18. This essay begins from affirming taxation credit thesis, bringing up a proposal what taxation credit definition and classify are. it puts system economics principle to use, setting taxation credit of science. it announces taxation credit is a very important thing in formulating government revenue and expenditure and debasing trade expenses and reducing taxation shifting, therefor, it will have practical significance in research taxation credit to perfect taxation system and advance taxation be run according to law

    本文從稅收信用理論的界定入手，提出了稅收信用的定義和分類；運用制度經濟學原理，對稅收信用進行了科學的定位，揭示了稅收信用在規范政府收支、降低交易費用、減少稅收流失等方面的重要作用，以及研究稅收信用對于完善稅收制度、推進依法治稅的現實意義。
  19. The patent application acceptance and awarding of university was studied in this paper, including patent, utility model and industrial design between 1986 and 2001, and the comparative studies with other trades have been carried out ; investigations were done on the relationship between university patent applications, the number of researchers and inventors, application of r & d advances, number of technical service personnel, investment of scientific research funds, patent transfer, number of research and development projects, and number of scientific and technological achievement awards in universities ; 547 staff members of the central south university completed the questionnaire ( 32 questions ) regarding the intellectual property right, knowledge of patents, awareness of patent protection and patent - related behaviors, those people were distributed in the departments of teaching, research, administration and management, and teaching support ; one - way anova, multivariate analysis of variance manova and linear correlation methods were used in the analysis of research - related factors concerning central south university staff members and their understanding of intellectual property right, knowledge of patent, awareness of patent protection and patent - related behaviors, the major factors affecting university patent application, awarding and transfer were identified ; countermeasures to promote university patent development in china were also proposed

    本研究旨在通過對1986年? 2001年我國高校發明專利、實用新型、外觀設計的申請受理與授權情況的分析，並且與其他行業的比較；通過研究我國高校專利申請與高校研發人員數、 r & d成果應用及科技服務人員數、科研經費投入、高校專利轉讓、研究與發展課題數、科技成果獲獎數的關系；通過對中南大學547名教學、科研、黨政管理、教輔人員的產權知識、專利知識、專利意識、專利行為的問卷調查（共32題） ，並用單因素分析法、多元逐步回歸分析法和線性相關分析法，對中南大學在職人員各研究因素與產權知識、專利知識、專利意識、專利行為的統計分析，尋找出制約我國高校專利申請、授權、成果轉讓的因素，提出加速發展我國高校專利工作步伐的對策。
  20. The enterprises of aerospace industry are wholly state - owned, they have not only the common characteristics of soe for instance the agency risk and the principal risk, but some particular, for example particular capital structure and because of the income from nation according with the costs of the present products, in order to get more dollars from nation finance ministry, the aerospace enterprises try their best to increase the costs and expenses of their products

    航天系統的組織結構是以研究院為母公司，以研究所、工廠為子公司的科研生產聯合體。它們屬于國有企業，具有國有企業一般特點，又具有自身的特殊性，例如特殊資本結構；以成本為基礎的合同誘使成本最大化成為企業經營目標；經營成果核算具有較大彈性以及軍品采購過程缺乏明確的成本費用目標等等。
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