空中制導 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [kōngzhōngzhìdǎo]
空中制導
英文
aerial guidance- 空 : 空Ⅰ形容詞(不包含什麼; 裏面沒有東西或沒有內容; 不切實際的) empty; hollow; void Ⅱ名詞1 (天空) s...
- 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 (製造) make; manufacture 2 (擬訂; 規定) draw up; establish 3 (用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
- 導 : 動詞1. (引導) lead; guide 2. (傳導) transmit; conduct 3. (開導) instruct; teach; give guidance to
- 空中 : in the sky; in the air; aerial; overhead; midair
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During the adjustment. it decided the amount and the rate of humidification. the system can test the states of water level by water lever sensor, thereby the main control module can control the entrance and drain of water and give warnings ; as its good man - machine interaction, the system can expediently set the humidity and the amount of humidification and control water - in valve and leading winds through control panel. the system can communicate with computer thereby the net supervise is enabled
本系統主要能夠完成以下功能:採集空氣中的濕度狀態,並送入主控模塊,主控模塊根據現有的濕度判斷是保持原來狀態還是進行加濕以及加濕量的大小和加濕速度等;能夠通過水位傳感器測試水位的狀態,從而通過主控模塊控制進水、排水、預報警、報警等;具有良好的人機交互性,能夠通過控制面板比較方便地進行濕度設定、加濕量設定、進水閥的控制、導風的控制等;能夠和上位機進行通信,從而實現網路監控。In his stories you can read about neon lights, moving sidewalks, air conditioning, skyscrapers, guided missiles, tanks, electrically operated submarines, and airplanes
在他的故事中,你可以讀到霓虹燈、人行道、空調、摩天大樓、制導導彈、坦克、電控潛水艇和飛機。According to the " solid - particle " theoretical model, a theory model of the dynamic burning - velocity of a rocket - portfire in its igniting delay - time cannulation is established, a theory model of the dynamic delay - time is educed. the factors are analyzed, setting position and shape of a igniting delay - time cannulation that affect its igniting delay - time, the theoretical basis is offered to develop the high - level precision rocket - portfire in the air
本文根據「固體粒子」效應理論,建立了點火延期管動態燃速數學模型,導出了點火延期管動態延時控制的理論計算模型,分析了火箭空中點火延期管的安裝位置及其形態對其延期時間的影響,為高精度火箭空中點火具的工程研製提供了理論依據。A lot of experiments have been done in the process of exploiture soft packaging li - ion battery about how to choice the rational arts and crafts. the content include : how to deal with the collector, add how much pvdf in the material, how long the material need to stirring and the right viscidity, how much condubtivity agent the electrode need, what theckness is best, choice different collectors, the degree of dryness of the electrode, theckness of pressed model, how much electrolyte will be added, placement how long after added the electrolyte, system of formation how to influnce the battery, in formation the battery need or not need preesure from outside, how to vacuumize and the optimize matching positive pole and negative pole. with these practice make sure the parameter of the positive pole should less than 90 m ; according to different vacuumize order the conduc - tivity agent in anode will be 5mass % and 9mass %, respectively, and in cathode the data is 2mass % ; every 100mah added to 0. 4 ml electrolyte ; before formation the battery should be placement 8 hours and the system of formation must be less than 0. 01c before the voltage reach to 3. 0v ; should press in outside when battery in formation ; to these batteries which capacity more than 350mah the vacuum time not excess 15s ; the optimize matching positive pole and negative pole between 2. 10 : 1 and 2. 15 : 1. finally make out the battery which cycling performance and security are all very well
液態軟包裝鋰離子電池的研究主要是對關鍵工藝進行了優化設計,具體包括:集流體的處理、 pvdf的加入量、漿料攪拌時間和粘度、導電劑的加入量、電極膜的厚度、不同集流體的選擇、電極膜的乾燥程度、壓型的厚度、電解液的加入量、注入電解液后靜置時間的長短、化成制度的影響、化成時電池所具有的壓力影響、抽真空的處理、正負極活性物質的匹配。最後確定出液態軟包裝鋰離子電池最佳工藝參數:正極膜的厚度小於90 m ;根據化成時不同抽真空順序,確定正極膜中的導電劑的加入量分別為5mass %和9mass % ;負極膜中導電劑的加入量為2mass % ;電解液的加入量為每100mah添加0 . 4ml ;化成前電池的靜置時間應當大於8h ;電池在3 . 0v之前採用小於0 . 01c的化成制度;在化成過程中應當施加一定的外部壓力;對於350mah的電池抽真空的延時不應大於15s ;而正負極活性物質的質量比應當在2 . 1 : 1 2 . 15 : 1之間。Since 1980 when it was established, casc has imported more than 500 commercial aircraft and wide range of ground support equipment, including communications, navigation aids, atc systems, weather observation and forecast systems and special vehicles etc
自一九八零年以來,先後進口了各種民用飛機500多架,以及大量的通信、導航、空中交通管制、氣象測報、特種車輛等安全保障和機場配套設施。The matrix of time and space for development of hydrogen energy system in china will instruct this work comprehensively, scientifically and objectively ; for beijing case and from all the aspects of energy, environment and economy, the best plan of hydrogen energy system about fuel cell vehicles is : hydrogen is produced by natural gas steam reforming in the central factory, then transported to the refueling stations in the hydrogen tube trailer by the trucks, and filled to the fcb using hydrogen gas
這一工作應在燃料電池汽車氫能系統發展時空矩陣的指導下有計劃、有步驟地完成;燃料電池汽車在我國最早實現商業化的時間是2008年(奧運會) ,地點是北京,車型是燃料電池公共汽車。針對這一案例,綜合考慮燃料電池汽車氫能系統「從井口到車輪」全生命周期的能源利用效率、環境影響和經濟性指標,最佳的方案是:在集中制氫廠採用天然氣蒸汽重整制氫,用汽車將裝有氫氣的高壓氣瓶輸運到氫氣加註站,加註給以氫氣為燃料的燃料電池公共汽車。This design method overcomes the traditional autopilot ' s disadvantage that should shift the autopilot ' s gain according to flight phase ; it also can make the btt missile fly stably along the whole trajectory, and can intercept a maneuvering target accurately
該設計方法克服了傳統自動駕駛儀在控制導彈飛行中需逐段切換增益的不足,能控制btt導彈在大空域內沿全彈道穩定飛行,並能精確攔截機動目標。Research on the vertical intercept terminal guidance system of tv - command - guidance air - to - ground missile
電視指令制導空地導彈垂直命中目標的末制導系統研究In all systems the homing head has to remain stabilised in space during a period when there is no guidance signal.
在所有系統中,當沒有任何制導信號時,導引頭必須在空間保持穩定。Portable air defense missile as absolutely necessary weapon in air defense combat, may bring about the decrease of detection probability and guidance accuracy
便攜式地空導彈作為防空作戰中的必備武器,在受紅外干擾后,可能導致探測概率、制導精度的降低。In this situation, the tracking stability, guidance accuracy, attacking distance and anti - jamming ability of single - mode guidance is not satisfied for modern war. so multi - mode compound guidance and data fusion technology appear
因此,在防空作戰中若仍採用單一制導模式的導引頭,其在跟蹤穩定性、制導精度、攻擊距離以及抗干擾性能上很難滿足現代戰爭的要求。In 1992, a. enders and g. nimtz researched the propagation of microwave signal through several different cutoff waveguides with hp8510b network analyzer ( na ) system and hp70820 transition analyzer ( ta ) system. since 1990s, emig, martin and landauer have been investigating the propagation of electromagnetic pulse through a waveguide with piecewise different dielectric constants
1992年,德國科隆大學的enders和nimtz採用hp8510b網路分析儀系統和hp70820轉換分析儀系統研究了不同結構的截止波導中的信號傳播,並計算出調制音樂穿過截止波導的時間小於其在真空中的傳播時間。Aeronautical radio navigation aids and atc radar station siting criteria
航空無線電導航臺和空中交通管制雷達站設置場地規范When utilizing laser guidance, this notifies the fac that the bombs are falling and that laser designation must be maintained until impact
在利用激光制導時,通知前沿空中管制官炸彈已經投下激光指示器必須保持對目標的鎖定狀態直至擊中目標。Therefore, the administration continues to maintain a system of dual - use controls, including on china, that focuses on evaluating the appropriateness of the proposed export to the civil needs of the end - user and the risk of diversion. the commerce department under the ear maintains dual - use controls that include china in the following areas of proliferation and military concern ; national security ( ns ), nuclear nonproliferation ( np ), missile technology ( mt ), and chemical and biological weapons ( cb )
美國商務部根據《出口管理條例》 ( ear )在以下涉及擴散和軍事問題的領域對兩用品實施管制,其中包括對中國;國家安全( ns ) 、核不擴散( np ) 、導彈技術( mt )和化學及生物武器( cb ) 。涉及國家安全的管制特別提出廣泛審議的政策,如向中國的某項出口對電子和反潛艇戰爭、情報收集、力量推進或空中優勢有「直接或重大」作用,將拒絕核準。Study on electro - optic jamming of intermediate range tv guided missile weapon system
中程空地電視遙控指令制導導彈光電干擾研究Based on optimal control theory and singularly perturbed theory, a singularly perturbed midcourse guidance law that guarantees air - to - ground missiles to ascent quickly is proposed. this new guidance law is a composite control law consisting of three parts : optimal climbing control using variable weighting factor method, minimum energy cruising phase control and minimum energy switching phase control. moreover, a new control logic is designed in order to remove influence of climbing control on switching phase. simulation results of a certain type of air - to - ground missile are presents. it is shown that, with simple control algorithm and feasible onboard implementation, this law not only guarantees air - to - ground missiles to ascent quickly, but also satisfies the requirements of midcourse phases. the studies have important theoretical meaning and great value of engineering application
為滿足實際作戰的要求,基於最優控制理論和奇異攝動方法,提出了一種可保證中遠程空地導彈快速爬升到最優高度的中制導律.它由變系數最優爬升控制,最小能量巡航控制和最小能量下滑控制組成.為了減小爬升段控制對下滑段的影響,提出了一種新的控制邏輯.最後針對某型空地導彈進行了模擬.結果表明,該中制導律較好地滿足了中遠程空地導彈在中制導段的要求.本文的研究結果具有較好地工程參考價值Abstract : based on optimal control theory and singularly perturbed theory, a singularly perturbed midcourse guidance law that guarantees air - to - ground missiles to ascent quickly is proposed. this new guidance law is a composite control law consisting of three parts : optimal climbing control using variable weighting factor method, minimum energy cruising phase control and minimum energy switching phase control. moreover, a new control logic is designed in order to remove influence of climbing control on switching phase. simulation results of a certain type of air - to - ground missile are presents. it is shown that, with simple control algorithm and feasible onboard implementation, this law not only guarantees air - to - ground missiles to ascent quickly, but also satisfies the requirements of midcourse phases. the studies have important theoretical meaning and great value of engineering application
文摘:為滿足實際作戰的要求,基於最優控制理論和奇異攝動方法,提出了一種可保證中遠程空地導彈快速爬升到最優高度的中制導律.它由變系數最優爬升控制,最小能量巡航控制和最小能量下滑控制組成.為了減小爬升段控制對下滑段的影響,提出了一種新的控制邏輯.最後針對某型空地導彈進行了模擬.結果表明,該中制導律較好地滿足了中遠程空地導彈在中制導段的要求.本文的研究結果具有較好地工程參考價值In this paper. the question of compound guidance about mid - long range air - to - air missle to be considered. the main contributions are as follows : first, two midcourse guidance laws are given. that is optimally predictable pn micourse guidance, which is suitable for middle range missle, and singularly perturbed midcourse guidance. which is suitable for long range missle guidance ; then two terminal guidance laws are given. that is variable structure guidance, which is suitable for passive radar guidance. and optimal guidance which is suitable for active radar guidance ; and then the error sourses of hand - off are researched, the hand - off law is given at the time ; fmally, the midcourse guidance laws and terminal guidance laws are tested by simulation, and the whole trajectory simulation are given through hand - off law, and the results are satisfied
主要工作如下:首先研究了用於中遠程空空導彈復合制導的兩種中制導律,即用於中程導彈的最優預測比例導引中制導律和用於遠程導彈的奇異攝動中制導律,它們均有很好的中制導性能,能夠滿足中末制導的交班要求;接著研究了兩種末制導律,即用於被動雷達末制導的變結構制導律和用於主動雷達導引頭的最優末制導律,均適用於復合制導末制導段;然後分析了中末制導的交班誤差源,討論了用於復合制導的交接律;最後通過模擬,驗證了提出的中制導律和末制導律,結合提出的交接規律,在不同的情況下對中末制導段彈道進行了模擬驗證,結果證明文中提到的中末制導律能夠達到性能指標要求。Forth, this thesis also had made a preliminary discussion on the integrated guidance system of air - to - air missile beyond visual range air combat and made deep research on the midcourse guidance stage, thus we obtained an extremely useful conclusion.
本文還對空空導彈超視距攻擊的復合制導體製做了一個初步的探討,並對其中的中制導階段進行了深入研究,得到了一個十分有用的結論:即中制導階段導彈發動機的最優推力方向實際上應該是關于時間的線性函數。分享友人