空對地中徑 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [kōngduìdezhōngjìng]
空對地中徑 英文
air-ground path
  • 空 : 空Ⅰ形容詞（不包含什麼; 裏面沒有東西或沒有內容; 不切實際的） empty; hollow; void Ⅱ名詞1 （天空） s...
  • 對 : Ⅰ動詞1 （回答） answer; reply 2 （對待; 對付） treat; cope with; counter 3 （朝; 向; 面對） be tr...
  • 徑 : Ⅰ名詞1 （狹窄的道路; 小路） footpath; path; track 2 （達到目的的方法） way; means 3 （直徑的簡稱...
  • 空對地 : [軍事] air to surface [ground]空對地彈道導彈 air to surface [ground] ballistic missile; 空對地導...
  1. The regularities of pile - top reaction distribution, the carrying load ratio between pile and raft, the settlement and the imparity settlement of foundation in the frame - tube structure and the single wall are influenced by some factors such as the stiffness of the superstructure, the intensity of the soil under the piles, the length and radius of the piles, the distance between the piles, the thickness and the suspended width of the raft

    對豎向荷載作用下的空間筒中筒結構、樁筏基礎和地基進行了三維有限元分析。研究整體結構和單片墻結構在上部結構剛度、樁端土強度、樁長、樁徑、樁距、筏板厚度、筏板外挑寬度等影響因素變化時的樁頂反力分佈規律、樁筏荷載分擔比、樁基沉降和差異沉降規律。
  2. The asteroids are the most important small bodies in the solarsystem, and they mainly lies in the two locations - a main belt between the mars ' s orbit and the jupiter ' s and the near - earth space. the most feature of the orbits of near - earth asteroids ( neas ) is that the semi - major axes of the orbits are nearly equal to that of the earth or the perihelia distances are approximate to or even less than the mean distance between the sun and the earth, thus they could move into inside of the earth ' s orbit, so that they might close approach or even colliside with the earth ( or other planets, such as the venus, the mars, etc. ). the characteristic brings about some difficulties in the numerical research during their orbital evolution, which leads to the failure of the normalization technique in the general removal impact singularities of celestial mechanics methods and the symplectic algorithm which is successfully applied to the investigation in quality. by comparing the computation effects of several common numerical methods ( including symplectic algorithm ), and considering the nature of the movement of the small bodies, the corresponding treatments are provided here to improve the reliability of the computation

    小行星是太陽系最重要的一類小天體，主要分佈在兩個區域；火星和木星軌道之間的一條主帶和近地空間.近地小行星軌道的最大特點是其軌道半長徑與地球軌道半長徑相近，或近日距離接近甚至小於日地平均距離，其運動可深入到地球軌道的內部，這將導致該類小行星與地球（還有金星、火星等）十分靠近甚至發生碰撞.這一特徵給其軌道演化數值研究帶來一些困難，包括天體力學方法中一般消除碰撞奇點的正規化處理以及對定性研究十分成功的辛演算法都將在不同程度上失效.通過對幾種常用數值方法（包括辛演算法）計算效果的比較，根據小天體運動自身的特性，給出了相應處理措施，從而可提高計算結果的可靠性
  3. Our vision is to manager 3d spatial objects by relational database management system and to manipulate the 0 - dimensional object, 1 - dimensional, 2 - dimensional, and 3 - dimensional in unifiable manner. we employ the mature technology of object - relational database in existence to solve some complex problems of spatial operations efficiently

    研究中，我們把三維空間中的0維對象、 1維對象、 2維對象和3維對象納入了統一的處理框架，為利用現有的數據庫技術處理復雜的地理數據探索出一條可行的途徑。
  4. Through the approach of investigative questionnaire and ability examination, considering both teachers " teaching practice in senior high school and students " need in analyzing and resolving problem, taking the method of fixing the quality and quantity, we make a demonstration research. at last, we draw a conclusion that the 19 manifestations of chemistry ability can be reduced to three levels : the basal level, called repeating thinking, includes distinguishing and judging the chemical fact and relations of quantity in chemical reaction, comparing and summarizing the chemistry fundamental knowledge ; innovative thinking level includes illogical thinking and logical thinking. illogical thinking mainly contains intuition, association and space imagination of micro - particle

    通過調查問卷、能力測試等途徑，結合教師在中學化學的教學實踐和學生在分析、解決問題的實際需要，採用定性與定量結合的方法，進行實證研究，得出結論：化學學科能力的19種表現形式歸納為3個層次：最基礎的再造性思維能力層次包括對化學事實和化學反應中量的關系的識別和判斷、對化學基礎知識的比較概括；以培養創新能力為核心的創造性思維層次包括化學直覺思維、聯想、對微觀粒子的空間想象為主的非邏輯思維和靈活運用已學的化學知識通過分析、綜合地解決問題為主的邏輯思維；化學實驗能力層次是化學學科能力的最高層次，它以思維能力為基礎，集中體現了化學教學的基本特徵，實驗能力層次包括：選用實驗方法和設計實驗方案，對實驗的評價，研究和處理實驗事實、資料、數據，發現規律，表達實驗及其結果，最終解決問題的能力和發散思維。
  5. Based on historic radiosonde data of changchun city, jilin province and xian city. shanxi province and on the typical model of profiles of cloud liquid water content for stratiformis, the coefficients of retrieval equation are obtained as the functions of height for each month from april to july in the two cities. furthermore, we explore the internal physics signification of retrieval coefficients ' distributing according to every month and have comparisons between the two cities. then the numerical simulation tests of the accuracy of retrieval results are given : the statistical relative deviation of retrieved values of l to the simulated " trues " on the ground is 15 - 25 % and that at altitude of 6km is 5 - 10 %, that means the retrieval method and implementation of the method are applicable to processing measurements of an airborne radiometer made in china recently

    本文介紹機載對空微波輻射計探測雲中路徑積分液態水含量（ l ）的輻射傳輸原理和反演方法；根據吉林省長春市和陜西省西安市的歷史探空資料和典型的層狀雲液水垂直分佈模式，得到這兩個地區4 - 7月各月的隨高度而變的反演公式及其系數的表達式；探索了和反演系數有關系的大氣的影響，並在各個月份之間進行了比較分析；給出了反演誤差的數值模擬檢驗結果：在地面反演值對『真值』的統計相對偏差是15 - 25 ，在6公里高度處為5 - 10 ，表明該方法已具有實用可接受的精度。
  6. ( 4 ) through the hydraulic property experiment of micro - hole lateral pipes of simple sdi in air, it was found that the average pressure of 60 mitre length lateral pipes was at the position of per 40o / o ~ ~ ~ 50 % of the effectual pipe length from the fist micro - hole, major pressure - loss was occurred at the ahead part of half pipe. the pressure uniformity reduced with orifice aperture ? increasing, and the relationship between pressure uniformity and initial water pressure was poor. running under the initial water pressure of 1. 5 meter, the discharge uniformity reduced with orifice aperture ? increasing, and when the orifice aperture smaller than or equal 1. 0mm, irrigation uniformity could achieve above 0. 6

    （ 3 ）通過對空氣介質中簡易地下滴灌的微孔毛管試驗研究發現： 60m管長的毛管平均壓力水頭的位置基本上在距第一孔口的有效管長40 - 45的地方；大部分水頭損失發生在毛管的前半部分；壓力均勻度隨孔徑的增大而減小，但與初始工作水頭關系不密切；在1 . 5m以下的工作壓力下運行，沿程出流均勻度隨孔徑的增大而降低，當孔徑不大於1 . 0mm時，灌水均勻度可以達到60以上；當孔徑大於等於1 . 2mm時，灌水均勻度低於50 。
  7. Aiming at the actuality of advertisement in cities and the leaks in city building management, this article use urban design, environment behavior and other correlative theories, reference others harvests from many knowledge domains, to analyse in system the economic function of advertisements, influence space and environment of cities, effect on the vision and sentience of human being, advertisement scale in different dynamic states, different space and different nodes, the relationship between advertisement and city territory in different characters and different functions and so on ; to summarize the chief principles followed in the city planning ; put forward material design method. all of the work are for the sake of providing theory base for city designers, providing safeguard in law for city managers and providing rational goals and avenue for the improvement of habitational environment

    本文針對廣告在城市中的現狀，及建設管理中出現的漏洞，運用城市設計、環境行為學和其它一些相關理論，借鑒多個學科的研究成果，系統地分析了廣告的經濟作用，廣告對城市空間環境的影響，廣告對人視知覺的影響；不同運動狀態下的廣告尺度，不同空間、節點的廣告尺度、色彩；不同性質，不同功能的城市用地與廣告之間的關系等等；總結出廣告在城市規劃設計中所遵循的原則，提出了具體的設計方法，力求為城市設計者提供理論基礎，為城市管理者提供法律保障，為人居環境改善提供合理的目標與途徑。
  8. Based on a general overview of firm performance assessment theories, this study makes a comparison between traditional performance measures and strategy - oriented performance measures, analyzes the existing performance measurement system of the national aviation oil companies. the thesis has a literature review of the balanced scorecard researches and applications, expounds the advantages of the balanced scorecard over traditional measurement systems in revealing the intension of firm performance, analyzing the critical factors behind firm performance and providing information support for firm strategy, documents the relationship between the balanced scorecard and firm strategy, and puts forward the idea of strategic performance. by using the data and background information from one of those national monopoly oil companies, this study a ppraises the limits of this sort of companies " performance measurement system, applies balanced scorecard method to this kind of national monopoly oil company, designs questionnaires to collect experts " opinions, colligates the opinions, selects kpis, builds experimentally the first strategy performance assessment indicator system in this kind of company, determines the indicators " parameters, uses the real corresponding data to measure the 6 business lines of this company, through comparing the assessment result with the strategic standard, a conclusion is drawn and suggestions are put forward about how to exploit the performance potential under present conditions

    在對績效測評理論進行回顧的基礎上，本文研究了傳統測評指標體系與戰略導向的測評指標體系的區別，總結了中國航空油品經營企業的績效測評現狀，對平衡計分卡理論研究和應用進行了綜述，分析了平衡計分卡在揭示績效內涵和影響績效的因素、發揮績效測評的信息作用等方面的優勢，論述了平衡計分卡與企業戰略的關系，提出了戰略績效的概念，並結合某壟斷性油品經營國有企業的實際，評述了此類企業傳統績效測評指標的局限性，借鑒平衡計分卡思路，通過設計調查問卷、收集專家意見並加以綜合分析等工作，選取關鍵績效指標，探索性地建立了中國壟斷性航油經營國企的首個企業戰略績效測評指標體系，並確定了指標有關參數，對應指標的統計口徑採用經調查獲得的測評所需數據，對該企業6個業務板塊的績效進行測評，通過對比分析得出在現有條件下如何挖掘潛力的結論和建議。
  9. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  10. This paper makes a professional research on the spatial organization of harbin metropolitan area. through extensive field survey information, define the geographical scope of harbin metropolitan is harbin as area center, an area of about 35, 000 square kilometres in size, with a radius of 100 kilometres around the region of radiation, including at the harbin city and the surrounding wuchang, shuangcheng, acheng, shangzhi, binxian and zhaodong. social - economic development, urbanization and rural development zone building contributed to the development of common harbin metropolitan area formation ; with the reform and opening - up program and the continuous deepening of global economic integration, harbin metropolitan area will face in the future development of more opportunities and challenges

    本文對哈爾濱都市圈空間組織進行實證研究，通過對大量的實地調查資料，界定了哈爾濱都市圈的地域范圍是以哈爾濱為中心，幅員面積約3 . 5萬平方公里，區域輻射半徑為100公里左右，現階段包括哈爾濱市及周邊的五常市、雙城市、阿城市、尚志市、賓縣和肇東市;社會經濟的發展、開發區的建設以及鄉村城市化的發展共同促成了哈爾濱都市圈的形成;隨著改革開放的深入和全球經濟一體化的不斷深入，哈爾濱都市圈在未來發展中將面臨更多地機遇和挑戰。
  11. The results showed that : ( 1 ) the application of the above optimization method is feasible in the process of vacuum residue hydrotreating. ( 2 ) shaft power is a small part in the operation fees of the hydrogen system and has little influence on the optimization results. ( 3 ) vent should be decreased to reduce energy consumption because of the high concentration of the cycle hydrogen after rebuilding of the unit

    在pc - 133微機上進行了模擬和優化計算，結果表明： （ 1 ）以復合形法為核心的可行路徑序貫模塊法在重油加氫過程中的應用是可行的； （ 2 ）壓縮機軸功率在重油加氫的氫氣系統操作費用中所佔比例較小，對優化結果影響不大； （ 3 ）裝置經過技術改造后循環氫純度過高，可以減少放空以節省能耗； （ 4 ）建立的氫耗模型能夠可靠地計算現有裝置的循環氫濃度、溶解氫總量和裝置氫耗量。
  12. Based on the fractal character of the small watershed topographic feature, the spatial and temporal variation character of sediment yield of the watershed model, the dynamic developing process and fractal character of the topog raphic feature of the watershed model, and the coupling relationship between the sediment yield and the topographic feature of the watershed model are " studied by simulate experiment, fractal theory, high precise photogrammetry and gis technology. the validation research is conducted in chabagou watershed where the observation data of rainfall, sediment and runoff for 11 years is collected. the study provides new theory and method for the topographic feature quantitative research in the prediction model of small watershed sediment yield

    本文依據流域地貌形態所具有的顯著分形特徵，從模擬實驗出發，利用分形理論和方法，結合高精度攝影測量和gis技術，對流域模型侵蝕產沙時空變異特徵、地貌形態發育過程及其相應的分形特徵、流域模型侵蝕產沙與地貌形態耦合關系進行了深入研究，並以具有11年降雨泥沙徑流觀測資料的岔巴溝流域為例進行了驗證研究，為實現從單坡面侵蝕產沙模擬、預報向流域侵蝕產沙模擬、預報轉化過程中地貌形態參數的提取提供了理論和方法，為黃土高原小流域水土流失綜合治理提供了科學實踐依據。
  13. Comparing the catchments with the same conditions at the same scales, we found that at the small scale catchments, the factor directly impacting the runoff variation and sediment variation was the relative distribution location at sloping fields, and at the median scale catchments, was the slope distribution of land use components, while at the large scale catchments, the distance distribution of land use components

    在相近條件的同尺度集水區之間比較發現，小尺度集水區土地利用類型的坡位分佈格局對徑流和泥沙變化有較直接的影響，中尺度集水區土地利用類型的坡度分佈格局和大尺度集水區的土地利用類型的距離分佈格局對徑流和泥沙土地利用空間分佈格局對侵蝕產沙過程的影響的變化影響較大。
  14. In allusion to the present situation of spatial structure of dunhuang circle and the fact of tourism development, the study is on spatial structure optimization and puts forward optimizing mode on the developing tenet of sustainability the thesis includes six chapters, among which the third chapter, fourth chapter and fifth chapter are the major body. in the foreword, it expounds the background, foundation, purpose, meaning and adoptive technical courses of the selecting thesis ' s topic. in the first chapter, it summarizes main theories of tourism spatial structure and the present researches of tourism circle from study of theory and demonstration

    引言部分主要闡述了論文選題的背景、依據、目的和意義以及擬採用的技術路線；第一章總結了旅遊空間結構當前的主要理論，綜合論述了當前旅遊空間結構的研究進展，對旅遊圈的研究現狀從理論研究和實證研究兩個方面進行了概述；第二章介紹了敦煌旅遊圈的總體概況，分析了構建敦煌旅遊圈的動力因素和制約因素；第三章採取層次分析法和模糊聚類法對敦煌旅遊圈內旅遊資源進行了分析評價；第四章採用客源平均中心點、客源吸引半徑、地理集中度指數等方法對敦煌旅遊圈客源市場進行了分析評價；第五章在前幾章分析評價的基礎上，分析了敦煌旅遊圈的空間結構，提出了敦煌旅遊圈的空間優化模式，並提出了敦煌旅遊圈的發展原則及具體措施。
  15. From the view of time series and space feature, the dissertation make a statistical description of the differences of economic development and higher educational development in each regions since reforms and opendoor policy. the dissertation finds the reason of the differences of higher educational development among regions through the empirical analysis on the industrial structure, and provides some suggestion to effectively solve the unresonable differences

    從時間序列及空間特徵兩個角度對改革開放以來中國各地域經濟及高等教育的發展差異進行統計描述。通過對各地域產業結構的實證分析，發現地域間高等教育發展差異產生的原因，並探尋解決高等教育發展地域性差異的有效途徑。
  16. Five factors as the motive force for the tourist development in guizhou karst terrain were proposed. the growth pole of tourist economy in guizhou karst terrain was defined in the initial use of the shift - share analysis. in the end, a tourism economic circle of guizhou karst terrain was constructed, as guiyang, anshun and zunyi being the first - level tourist circle, high graded roads as well as national and provincial highways being the axis, and the kernel layer, hinterland layer, radiation layer and extension layer of the tourist economy being the spatial radius

    通過對區域旅遊整合模式的概述，結合貴州省情，選擇了適合貴州喀斯特地區旅遊業發展的「點-軸-圈」模式;提出了貴州喀斯特地區旅遊發展的五個動力因子;首次採用「份額?偏離分析法」確定出貴州喀斯特地區旅遊經濟增長極;最後以貴陽、安順、遵義為一級旅遊中心，以高等級公路、國道、省道為軸線，以旅遊經濟的核心層、腹地層、輻射層和擴展層為空間半徑，構建出貴州喀斯特地區旅遊經濟圈。
  17. Based on the background of cultural globalization and city cultural similarity, this paper puts forward that transmitting civil fork - lore culture is one of the main approachs to keep local cultural character of city. it mentions that city leisure space is one of the main place where local fork - lore culture transmits as regard of the leisure time ' s feature. to reserve local culture character of chong qing city this paper researchs the lesure places of civilian in street, especially analyses the functions of leisure space in traditional street and civil fork - lore culture each other, mainly discovers the discipline of leisure space in traditional street composing based on history culture and civil fork - lore of chong qing city

    在文化全球化、城市地域文化趨同化的前提下，本文論述了市民習俗文化的傳承是保持城市地方文化特色的重要途徑之一；針對休閑時代的特徵，提出了城市休閑空間是市民習俗文化傳承的主要空間載體之一；在如何保持重慶城市地方特色的命題下，結合重慶的自然、歷史、文化等因素，以重慶街巷休閑空間和市民的生活習俗為研究對象，在揭示傳統街巷休閑空間與市民習俗文化「互為同構」關系的基礎上，剖析了傳統街巷休閑場所的內在構成規律，以針對重慶現代街巷休閑空間面臨消失和場所中文化「語義」缺失的危機，呼喚現代休閑生活向城市街巷的回歸，提出了與傳承市民習俗文化相對應的現代街巷休閑空間的設計目標、原則和對策，為實現城市地方文化的傳承，探索了一種新思維。
  18. At last, we study on robot path planning for an approach to find out a perfect path in a certain map using a heuristic search algorithm

    本文最後，還對移動機器人路徑規劃進行了研究，使用啟發式搜索演算法在給出的地圖信息空間中尋找理想的路徑。
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