空變元 的英文怎麼說

And it can be divided into four phases of urban tourism of china, in which there are different characteristics. ( 2 ) the evolutive rules of urban tourism of china are as follows : 1 ) the exoteric extent of tourism notion is more and more swell ; 2 ) the form of urban tourism renovate with the development of cities ; 3 ) the layout of urban tourism inner and outer is from close and complanate to exoteric and tridimensional ; 4 ) the sustaining system of urban tourism is from absent to as clear as a bell, and will reach a rational and advanced extent. 5 ) the social delamination of urban tourism is form stern to syncretic ; 6 ) the evolvement tendency of urban tourism should be generalized as a curve of accumbent " s ", which present a course makes up of low - grade development, high - speed development and balanced development

主要觀點歸納如下： （ 1 ）城市旅遊是基於城市的發展而發展的，中國城市旅遊可分為古代、近代、現代和后現代四個階段，分別對應於前工業文明時期的城市旅遊、工業文明萌芽時期的城市旅遊、全面建設工業文明和后工業文明因素初露端倪時期的城市旅遊，以及邁向信息時代的城市旅遊，其間體現出不同的城市旅遊發展特徵； （ 2 ）經歷不同發展的時期，中國城市旅遊表現出如下的演進規律： 1 ）城市旅遊觀念開放程度逐漸增強，對城市旅遊的容納度日趨加大，對城市旅遊地位的認識從忽視到關注再成為生活的必要因素； 2 ）旅遊形式從單一走向多元，新的旅遊形式隨城市發展層出不窮； 3 ）城市旅遊的內外部空間聯系從封閉平面走向開放立體，達到網路化、連綿化、分區化、立體化布局； 4 ）城市旅遊支持系統從缺失走向健全，達到理性高端； 5 ）城市旅遊社會分層從森嚴走向融合，經歷了「小眾旅遊」 、 「大眾旅遊」 ，最終發展到「全民旅遊」 ； 6 ）城市旅遊產業演變態勢可以概括為一條橫臥的「 s 」曲線，表現為低開?高走?平穩發展。

Quick diathermancy avoid damage to cmos chip and solder. precise design and good technics avoid damage due to attrition. vacuumize avoid alterative because of oxygenation during transportation. antistatic plastic core

傳熱吸收快，盡可能的避免對晶元和焊盤的損壞;精確的設計和製造工藝避免磨擦對焊盤可能造成的損壞;真空包裝避免?品在運輸途中氧化變質;防靜電塑料芯;符合美國軍隊及國家宇航局各種標準

With the help of the electronic computers, engineers employ it to figure out nearly all kinds of engineering problems ranging from astronavigation, construction, waterpower projects, ship - building and mechanical engineering etc. owing to the strong power of finite element method, one kind of software pack which based on the method is exploited and named algor feas to resolve problems on structure analysis for trusses and shells. this paper also employ algor feas software pack to analyze and compute the cableway towers, giving the accurate result on stress and displacement both in location and whole. finally, we also bring out some advice on structure improving

在此分析過程中：首先將物理模型簡化為力學模型，主要是將塔架結構按空間桿單元簡化為空間桁架結構，目的是將力學模型變換為數學模型；這一過程主要是利用autocad2000建立塔架的計算模型；再者，利用algorfeas軟體包讀入autocad建立的塔架計算模型生成初始數據卡利用計算機進行編程進行風載計算，再將計算結論整合入algorfeas產生的初始數據卡中，生成計算數據卡；接著，利用algorfeas軟體包計算塔架在不同載荷情況下的應力圖，位移圖，並且求出在不同載荷條件下的最大位移和最大應力等；然後，對塔架的穩定性進行分析；最後；根據計算結果提出改進建議。

In view of bearing capacity of the elastoplastic theory analysis, the author made a comparison between the achieved bearing capacity limit load pi / 4 of round base ( space problem ) and the limit load pi / 4 of bar groundwork foundation design ( plane problem ) from soil mechanics at home and abroad as well as foundation criterion, and explained why the value of formula in present design criterion from soil mechanics is inclined to be conservative. in the light of the author ' s many years experience of vibration test on the spot and the research work of relevant projects, the author worked over the dynamic pile testing of the bearing capacity of foundation and batholith, and gathered the parameter of dynamic analysis and testing. the author also talked over the difficult point of pile foundation design criteria in present batholith engineering world, i. e. the confirmation of batholith bearing capacity of pile end, from the following aspects : a ) confirmation of single axis counter - pressure strength of rock in house ; b ) f. e. m calculation of elastoplastic model ; c ) calculation of soil mechanics ; d ) deep well load test

然後，對巖土工程領域至今尚未解決，甚至不為人注意的考慮地基變形的地基承載力問題進行了實用化的探討，提出了考慮地基變形的地基承載力上程計算方法；對基於彈塑性理論分析的地基承載力國內尚未見報道的空間問題得到了圓形基礎（空間問題）的承載力界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，並與國內外土力學專著及地基基礎設計規范中的條形基礎（平面問題）的界限荷載p _ （ 1 / 4 ） ，進行了對比，從而定量上解釋了目前設計規范引用土力學承載力公式值偏於保守的這一情況；根據本文作者多年從事現場地基工程振動試驗及相關課題的研究工作，本文以截頭錐模型模擬地基，對地基（巖基）承載力的動測法進行了研究，為各類地基（包括巖基） ，匯總了動力分析和檢測川的參數：針對日前巖土工程界應用樁基設計規范中的難點? ?樁端巖基承載力的確定問題，從巖石室內單軸抗壓強度確定、基於彈塑性模型的有限單元法計算、土力學計算及深斤載荷試驗四方面進行了深入討論；本文作者根據多年現場載荷試驗的工程實踐，對深井荷試驗裝置的核心部分? ?反力裝置，設計了側壁支撐反力加載系統，該加載系統具有實用、簡便、穩定及安個等優點。

Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet - parameter on evaporator. fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio - parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping

本文的主要內容如下： 1 ）對翅片管蒸發器結構特點進行分析，選取適當的微元控制體，就干、濕和霜工況下對每個微元分別進行傳熱傳質分析，基於經驗關系式確定霜的有關參數，對于霜工況下的霜生長建立模型，經適當假設，運用質量守恆、能量守恆和動量守恆方程建立適合動態模擬的蒸發器數學模型，為系統模擬奠定基礎； 2 ）對蒸發在大擾動下的開、停機過程，運用動態集中參數模型進行分析和計算，為更好地描述製冷系統運行的全過程奠定基礎，同時也為製冷系統實現自動控制提供一定的理論基礎； 3 ）對蒸發器正常運行過程，運用動態分佈參數和參數間定量耦合的觀點來分析和計算，為更好地了解穩態工況下各點參數的變化情況及各入口參數對蒸發器動態特性的影響即蒸發器性能對各參數變化的敏感性； 4 ）編寫翅片管蒸發器動態特性模擬計算程序，可以計算不同邊界條件和初始條件下的製冷劑熱力參數、空氣溫濕度和霜厚度分佈場，實現對翅片管蒸發器在干、濕和霜工況下的動態模擬。

Fourth, the paper treats two kinds of hoisting projects of high alititude construction in bulk and member assembly, hositing machine and plan layout, setting up scaffold and joints, and installing trunks, branches and joints etc. then in detail discusses the method which applys total station to measure three - dimensional coordinate of dendriform structure, including selecting survey sign points, creating survey system and converting survey coordinate system etc. the paper also deep research on the welding performance, welding method, welding process, welding stress and control, welding strain and rectification, weld defects analysis and weld quality inspection, and so on complicated heterogeneity steel weld proplems

接著系統的論述了高空散裝法和分單元安裝法兩種樹狀結構吊裝方案，樹狀結構吊裝機械及平面布置，樹狀結構胎架及節點的搭設，以及樹狀結構樹干、樹枝和節點的吊裝工藝等諸多工藝問題。詳細的論述了採用全站儀對樹狀結構進行空間三維坐標測量的方法，包括測量標志點的選取、測量系統的建立及測量坐標的轉換等問題。深入地研究了樹狀結構可焊性、焊接方法、焊接工藝、焊接應力及控制、焊接變形及矯正、焊接缺陷分析及焊接質量檢查等復雜的異種鋼焊接問題。

The loss of deoxidizing elements resulting from thermal decomposition of lining materials and the change of total oxygen in molten steel during vim refining are researched

摘要研究真空感應熔煉過程中因爐襯材料熱分解造成的脫氧元素燒損及其全氧含量的變化規律。

Based on field research and the dynamic analysis of remote sensing data of different time ( 1987 tm, 1996 tm and 2000 china - brazil earth resource satellite ccd ), using multi - information of research area ( including data of geology, geography, hydrology, meteorology, economy, human culture and dem ) and existing research results, the dissertation discusses drive factors of desertification and the relationships between drive factors and desertification with the help of gis tool and some mathematical methods such as probability, statistics, curvilinear estimation, logical analysis and analytic hierarchy process

論文在對研究區土地荒漠化現狀野外調研和不同時相（ 1987tm 、 1996tm和2000ccd ）遙感圖像土地荒漠化信息提取和演變分析的基礎上，結合研究區已有的多元信息基礎資料及研究成果（包括地質、地理、多時期的水文氣象、經濟、人文以及dem數據等） ，運用gis強大的空間分析功能和概率統計、曲線估計、邏輯分析、主成分分析、層次分析等數學方法綜合研究了土地荒漠化與各驅動因子之間的相關關系，揭示了研究區土地荒漠化的主要驅動因素，探討了荒漠化動態演化規律。

With the use of finite method we have developed computer simulation software for vacuum microtriodes with wedge - shaped and cone - shaped cathode on the basis of stduying deeply the field emission theory of vacuum microelectronics. the software included field section, grid point numbering, and the calculation of electric currents, transconductance and cathode capacitance, moreover, it can simulate the properties of vacuum microeletronic with variant structures and sizes. the relationship was studied and simulated among electic properties and device structures, sizes and cathode materials etc. the optimized design of vacuum microtiode was proposed

本文在深入研究真空微電子器件場致發射理論的基礎上，根據圓錐形、楔形陰極真空微電子三極體的不同特點，分別建立了物理和數學模型，在考慮空間電荷密度影響的前提下，以有限元法為基礎採用迭代的方法計算出真空微電子三極體內的電勢分佈情況，繪制出了等勢線、電子軌跡線，並得到了器件電學性能隨幾何參數的變化情況。

The study area is composed of sandstone & conglomerate reservoir of alluvial fan & fan delta, which belong to sha3 lower member and sha4 upper member of lower tertiary of yong " an town oilfield in dongying depression. the target stataum develops in the hanging wall of the synsedimentary fault in the scarp zone of dongying depression. the frequently intense movements result in the variation of sandstone and conglomerate reservoir and the evolution of the time and space of sha3 lower member and sha4 upper member in yong " an town oilfield

研究區是東營凹陷永安鎮油田沙三下段、沙四上段的沖積扇和扇三角洲砂礫巖體，目的層發育在東營凹陷陡坡帶同生斷層的下降盤，因斷層多期強烈活動，導致永安鎮油田沙三下段、沙四上段的砂礫巖體成因類型多，時空演化變化大，在扇根一帶小層對比難度大，給油田開發帶來很大的難題，在這種背景下進行流動單元研究難度更大。

Firstly, in spherical coordinate system, the sovp formulation for the time - harmonic electromagnetic fields of the current dipole in conductive infinite - space is derived, using reciprocity theorem and transforming relations between special functions. then, selecting appropriate coordinate system, using superposition principle, the boundary - value problem of modified magnetic vector potential on the problem of a time - harmonic current dipole in spherical conductor is solved and analytical solution is obtained. finally, by means of the addition formulas of legendre polynomial and spherical harmonics function of degree n and order 1, the analytical solution in spherical coordinate system specially located is transformed into that in spherical coordinate system arbitrarily located

首先利用特殊函數間的轉化關系和互易定理推導得到了無限大導體空間中球坐標下時諧電流元電磁場的二階矢量位形式：然後利用疊加原理，選擇合適坐標系，求解了導體球中時諧電流元的修正磁矢量位邊值問題，得到了問題的解析解；最後依據不同坐標系下電磁場解的轉化原理，藉助勒讓德多項式和n次1階球諧函數的加法公式，將坐標系特殊安放時的電磁場解析解變換到坐標系一般安放時的解析解，給出了球內電場和球外磁場的並矢格林函數。

The regularities of pile - top reaction distribution, the carrying load ratio between pile and raft, the settlement and the imparity settlement of foundation in the frame - tube structure and the single wall are influenced by some factors such as the stiffness of the superstructure, the intensity of the soil under the piles, the length and radius of the piles, the distance between the piles, the thickness and the suspended width of the raft

對豎向荷載作用下的空間筒中筒結構、樁筏基礎和地基進行了三維有限元分析。研究整體結構和單片墻結構在上部結構剛度、樁端土強度、樁長、樁徑、樁距、筏板厚度、筏板外挑寬度等影響因素變化時的樁頂反力分佈規律、樁筏荷載分擔比、樁基沉降和差異沉降規律。

One of the most important, most difficult, and most exasperating unsolved problems of operator theory is the problem of invariant subspaces.

運算元理論中最重要、最困難也最令人煩惱的未解決問題之一就是不變子空間問題。

Shandong is one of the economic developed districts in north coastal china. the relation between economic growth and resources, environment possesses typicalness. therefore, in this article, shandong is picked up for the research unit and its regional predomination is analyzed ; space - time alterable characteristic between economic growth and resources, environment is studied and discussed ; degree of harmony on economy - environment and classification of intimidation on economy - environment is initially discussed ; the countermeasures is put forward

因此，本文選取山東省作為地域研究單元，從分析山東省在全國的區域優勢地位入手，研究和探討了山東省經濟增長與資源、環境的時空變動特點和規律，並在此基礎上對經濟環境協調度和經濟環境脅迫區劃分進行了初步探討，並提出解決經濟增長與資源、環境矛盾的途徑，以便更好的為山東經濟建設和生態環境建設服務。

Features and trend of spandex elastic fabric and the design of beautiful stretch face fabric with various nylon / spandex air - textured yarn, spun rayon yarn and fancy silver yarn are introduced with technical key points in weaving process analyged in detail in this paper

摘要介紹氨綸彈力面料的風格特徵和流行趨勢，闡述用錦氨空變彈力絲、粘膠短纖紗以及花色銀絲等多種元素設計絢麗彈力面料的過程，並重點分析織造過程的技術關鍵。

This paper, on the basis of yuelu - mountain high - tech park in changsha city, beginning with the investigation of diversiform transit - trip in the park, firstly analyzes and evaluates space - time change law of traffic flow and situation of traffic service level on actual road net - work in the park ; secondly, applying multi - statistical analysis method, taking investigated corporation as sample, using annual freight traffic volume produced by unit plant area of the corporation, with clustering analysis, obtains four sorts of the sample corporation, and establishes the predict models of freight traffic volume for every kind of corporation. with these models, actual or planning year ’ s day maximum freight traffic volume can be predicted. the third, this paper makes analysis research of trip law of employees in the park, and obtains the index of trip times, trip modes and trip development trend of the employees

本文以長沙市嶽麓山高科技園區為依託，從調查園區內的各類交通出行開始，首先分析評價了園區內現狀道路網上的交通流時空變化規律及道路網上的交通服務水平狀況;其次是應用多元統計分析方法，以調查企業為樣品，以企業單位車間面積所產生的年貨運交通量為變量，通過聚類分析，獲得了樣本企業的四個類別，並建立了各類企業貨運交通量的預測模型，應用這些模型，可預測園區內現狀或規劃年的日最大貨運交通量;第三是對園區內企業員工的出行規律做了分析研究，獲得了企業員工的出行次數、出行方式及出行發展趨勢等等特性指標;最後是對園區內小區居民的出行狀況進行了分析，獲得了居民出行的諸如高峰時段、高峰出行量等等的特徵數據。

That is initially set to a blank string

的變量，該變量的最初設置是一個空字元串。

Spatial light modulators

空間調變元件

In this paper, zooplankton communities, their species composition and indicator species in the east china sea and the yellow sea were examined with multivariate methods. in the southern part of the yellow sea, where was known as an important spawning ground of anchovy, the seasonal variations of zooplankton were studied in details with respect to species composition, abundance, biomass and vertical distribution. furthermore zooplankton indication of the yellow sea warm current ( yswc ) in winter was discussed

本論文用數理統計方法（包括：雙向指示種分析、多維定標序列分析、判別分析和多元回歸分析）對春、秋兩季東、黃海浮遊動物群落進行了劃分、確定各群落的指示種；對南黃海浮遊動物的種類組成、分佈及其時空變化進行了研究，並與歷史資料進行了比較；並探討了黃海冷水團對某些浮遊動物的意義，以及浮遊動物對黃海暖流指示。

Water properties like salinity and concentration of suspended sediments in the estuary vary in time and space, and alter the element partitioning between solid phase and solution via adsorption and desorption

河口中的鹽度、懸浮泥沙濃度等因素的時空變化頻繁，並通過吸附及解吸等過程式控制制著化學元素在顆粒固相和溶液相之間的相態分配。