競價市場 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jìngjiàshìchǎng]
競價市場
英文
auction market-
Abidance by honesty, faith, just competition, equivalent exchange, opposing monopolization and other morals criterion are also inside request of market economy
遵守誠實守信、公平競爭、等價交換、反對壟斷等道德規范也是市場經濟的內在要求。But windmills and atomic reactors are expensive, and the only way they can compete with fossil fuels is through subsidies or higher energy prices that reflect the full cost of emitting carbon
不過，風能和核電是昂貴的，唯一出路是，英國政府可以通過補貼或更高的能源價格來競爭化石燃料市場，實現全面減排二氧化碳。Competition should beat the price down.
（市場）競爭會使價格下跌。The advantages of boq valuation include : saving enormous labor force, material and time, meeting the requirements of market competition, promoting joint bearing risks by both parties of contract, controlling effectively the investment of construction projects, and avoiding some bad behaviors of present construction market
工程量清單計價的優點包括：節約大量的人力、物力、時間，滿足市場競爭的需要，有利於承發包雙方的風險共擔，有效控制建設項目投資，避免當前建築市場的一些不良行為。We sincerely welcome customers from all over the world here to give us advice, discuss business. we accept oem odm for all kinds of product, such as brass foundry, zinc die - casting, and plastic spare parts. any of your inquiry will be well appreciated. thanks
並承接客戶各類oem商品委託製造。產品以優質富有競爭力的價格吸引海內外眾多客商，產品主要遠銷歐美東南亞等國市場。Single price auction system
單一價格競價市場This paper presents a type of electric power bidding mechanisms based on sealed - hid auction theory, and models generation company ' s equilibrium bidding with order statistic principle, in which the cases that the same and different generation capacity among generation companys is considered, then analyzes the relation between the market clear price and bidding mechanism to explore the optimal bidding mechanism from the view of market efficiency
摘要基於暗標拍賣理論，提出了一類電力競價機制，然後運用次序統計量方法，分別對發電容量相同與不同的發電商組成的電力競價市場，構建發電商的均衡報價模型；在模型求解基礎上，分析競價機制對市場清除價的影響，以從市場效率的角度探求最優電力競價機制。Get the main conclusion as follows : when producing advantage enterprises in horizontal merger, if the figure of leaders enterprise do n ' t equal to zero, the horizontal merger motive exists, and under certain condition, this kind of horizontal merger will increase the social total welfare, this is exactly the reason why horizontal merger gets support ; when horizontal merger does not produce advantage enterprises, the condition that the motive exists is extremely harsh, and this kind of merger rises the product price and reduce the social total welfare ; when the market is couront market, if merging side ' s production capacity after merge ca n ' t reach optimum in theories satisfied, so long as its production capacity exceed the sum of optimum output of merger participate, merge motive exists, and horizontal merger will increase the social total welfare rises ; when high - level enterprises merge low level enterprises, because merging side ca n ' t get profit or those do n ' t participate in merger get more profit than merging side, motive
得到主要結論如下:當橫向並購產生優勢企業時，原先市場的領導層企業數目不等於零時，橫向並購動機存在，而且在一定條件下，這種橫向並購會使社會福利增加，這正是橫向並購得到支持的原因所在;當橫向並購不產生上優勢企業時，動機存在的條件極為苛刻，基本上與不產生優勢企業的假設相違背，可以認為這種並購的動機不存在，而且這種並購導致產品價格上升，社會總福利降低;如果市場近似古諾競爭市場，並購后並購方生產能力不能滿足理論上的最優產量，只要其生產能力超過並購前參與並購各方的最優產量之和，那麼並購動機就會存在，而且橫向並購會導致產品價格下降，社會總福利上升;當處于高層次的企業並購低層次企業時，由於並購者不能獲利或者未參與並購者獲利增加比並購方多，並購動機不存在或者很微弱。Frankly speaking, our power market is not a really competitive market. in our country, power tariff is surely decided by state administrative department rather than by the relationship between supply and demand. our government ratifies the structure of tariff as well as the level of the price
我國目前的電力市場並不是一個真正的競爭市場，電價是由國家價格管理部門核定的，而不是由市場供求關系決定的，政府不僅核定價格構成，而且核定價格水平。Finally, we build a liquidity supply and demand model of the continuous auction market
在此基礎上，本章最後建立了一個連續競價市場流動性供給與需求的理論模型。We carry out the theoretical research for liquidity in continuous auction market and the empirical study using china hu - shen stock exchanges " trade data in this dissertation
本文對連續競價市場的流動性展開理論研究，並且利用中國滬深股市的交易數據進行了實證研究，將該問題的理論與實證結合在一起，對其進行了比較完整的闡述。Then we point out that market microstructure is the important factor affecting price forms, the price of security market form is decided by market participator ' s game process in asymmetrical information, and establish a price decision model of continuous auction market
然後從價格形成機制研究的發展歷程出發，認為市場微觀結構是影響價格形成的重要因素，證券市場的價格形成是市場參與者在非對稱信息下的博弈活動決定的，並建立了一個連續競價市場的價格確定模型。In chapter 3, we chiefly study on the effectivity of third - degree price discrimination under two manufacturers, generally the studies on the effectivity of third - degree price discrimination in former papers were based on monopoly market, that is there is only one monopoly manufacturer in market. this paper expand the content of its research to the market conditions of two factories, based on a complete static information model and the linear demand functions and linear cost functions, the paper study the effectivity of third - degree price discrimination under two manufacturers, which compete in the same markets. it further respectively put forward the calculation formulas of the maximum sales volume and the maximum price and the maximum profit which belong to both manufacturers who is on the condition of common price or third - degree price discrimination in the two sub - markets, and also it put forward the necessary and sufficient conditions for third - degree price discrimination to be effective or to be same as common price
本文第三章主要研究了兩廠商情形下的三度價格歧視的有效性問題，現有文獻對於三度價格歧視的有效性問題的研究基本上都是基於壟斷廠商情形，即市場上只有一個壟斷廠商的情形，而本文將其研究的內容拓展到了兩廠商情形，基於完全信息靜態模型研究了競爭市場上的兩廠商在線性需求函數和線性成本函數條件下的三度價格歧視的有效性問題，並分別給出了兩廠商在兩個子市場上，在單一價格條件下以及歧視價格條件下的最優銷售量、最優價格和最大利潤的計算公式，給出了各廠商價格歧視有效和價格歧視無異于單一價格的充要條件。Auction mode market maker system are two main trading system of security market. the introduction of market maker system to china is the objective demand to evolution rules of security market
競價市場的基本特徵是，證券交易價格的形成是由買賣雙方直接決定的，投資者交易的對象是其他的投資者，不需要做市商的介入。Firm ' s optimal capacity in the non - perfect market is decided through financial option method, and the variable labor price ' s influence on firm ' s capacity is analyzed
摘要用金融期權的分析方法研究了在非完全競爭市場條件下企業的最佳生產能力，討論了浮動勞動力價格對其的影響。In the presence of non - use values, the extent of inefficiency caused by common exploitation in an oligopolistic market can substantially differ from what results from the model of a perfectly competitive market without non - use values
因此，當非使用價值存在，寡佔市場的共有資源開發之不效率程度將與在完全競爭市場下、不具有非使用價值的情況有所差異。While this does not mean giving up, the government plays a more and more important role, mainly including major finance for the higher education development, culturing competitive market environment, developing education media, constructing law system and balancing area development and guiding viewpoint of high education value
承擔高等教育發展的主要財政，培育高等教育競爭市場，發展教育中介組織，構建教育法律體系，均衡高等教育區域發展，引導高等教育價值觀念，是政府必須承擔的主要高等教育責任。On the other hand, since the dissident press had to purchase newsprint at a higher price with insufficient advertising revenues, they ended up having to bring into capitals associated with the kmt and gradually lost their grip or even ceased publication
同時，國家計劃經濟進程，也以島內紙張高價來補貼外銷的損失，進一步抑制新聞紙消費的成長；新聞主管機構適時地開放紙張上限，更可使被扭曲的不公平競爭市場發揮效用，從高成本與低收益，雙面夾殺異議性報業，迫使其被侍從國府的資本兼并。Then, the paper analyses the influence on chinese retail trade after joining the wto ( world trade organization ) and indicates that along with china formally joining the wto, international commercial capital will enhance the power to attack chinese market, from market investigation phase to market snatch phase : the enterprise large - scale re - construction will appear ; tactical competition such as price competition will give way to strategic competition including market share, brand and management ; market subdivision will deepen ; industry upgrade will accelerate
接下來，就加入wto對中國零售商業的影響展開了分析，指出：隨著中國正式加入wto ，國際商業資本對中國市場將加大進攻力度，從試探階段進入市場搶奪階段，會出現大規模的企業兼并重組，價格戰等戰術競爭將退居其次，而轉向以市場份額、品牌、管理為主的戰略競爭，市場細分加劇，產業升級加快等。First, it puts forward a new concept - " comparative advantage in the sense of com parative utility - price ratio ", which integrates comparative price advantage in the perfect market with non - price advantage in the imperfect market, static comparative advantage w ith dynamic comparative, and traditional comparative advantage with modern competitiv e advantage, and then comes to a conclusion that economies of scale and comparative adv antage theory can not deny but develop the comparative advantage theory
以這一概念整合了完全競爭市場條件下的相對成本或相對價格優勢與不完全競爭市場條件下的非價格優勢，整合了靜態比較優勢與動態比較優勢，整合了傳統的比較優勢與現代的競爭優勢。認為規模經濟與競爭優勢理論不是對比較優勢理論的否定，而是對比較優勢理論的發展；其次，提出了內生比較優勢理論。分享友人