系支發生 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xìzhīfāshēng]
系支發生
英文
cladogenesis-
This thesis taking the lead in systematically studying pleurocarpous mosses, is a part of the comprehensive research of bryophytes in hebei, which will provide datum for the statistics and analysis of bryophytes along with exploit and utility of plant resources in hebei, which will provide the first - hand material for the compilation of the ( ( flora bryophytarum hebeiensis ) ) and the ( ( flora bryophytarum sinicorum ) ). on classification system, the author references the classification systems about bryophytes and approves standpoint of vitt., considering that the place of capsule growing is the criterion of distinguishing acrocarpous and pleurocarpous mosses
本研究採用了陳邦傑教授（ 1963 ）修正的reimers （ 1932 ）關于蘚綱植物的分類系統，同時，支持h . d . mitten （ 1984 ）的觀點，認為劃分頂蒴和側蒴蘚類植物的依據是孢子體著生的位置，其中側蒴蘚類植物是指蒴柄從葉腋中發生非著生莖頂的蘚類植物，分類系統上指從虎尾蘚科（ hdwigiaceae ） ?塔蘚科（ hylocomiaceae ）等。Refer to the damage problem to the motor of c41 - 400 air hammer caused by driving system fault, an acknowledged improvement that is adding a v - belt driving into the system has been promoted with failure situations occasionally because of irrational supporting structures
摘要針對c41 - 400型空氣錘由於傳動系統故障而導致電動機損壞的問題，通常的改進方案是增加一級v帶傳動，但由於對改造中的支承設計不合理而失敗的情況也時有發生。3 the comparison of mitochondrial genomes and phylogentic relationships of amphibian there still is a lack of consensus regarding living amphibian phylogenetic relationships. the most widely accepted hypothesis, based on morphological data, supports the monophyletic origin in the late paleozoic ( 300 mya ) of the three living orders in the class amphibia and a sister - group relationship between caudata and anura ( the batrachia hypothesis ) to the exclusion of the gymnophiona
3兩棲類動物的線粒體基因組結構比較和系統發生關系現存兩棲類的三個目的系統發生關系仍然沒有統一意見，最廣泛被接受的假說，是建立在形態學證據基礎上，支持現生的兩棲類三個目在古生代後期（ 300mya ）單系起源，並且無尾類和有尾類為姐妹群關系（蛙類假說） 。Phylogenetic tree was constructed and displayed that a. platensis fachb341, a. maxima ouqdsm and a. platensis fachb439 formed the monophyletic linage, which was fully supported by bootstrap values ( 1000 ), while spirulina fachb440 and anabaena pcc7120 clustered in another linage with the bootstrap value of 909
系統發生分析結果顯示，三個節旋藻品系形成一個小的分支，其自舉值為1000而螺旋藻與魚腥藻聚合為一個類群，自舉值為909 。同時我們以鈍頂節旋藻fachb341m platenstsfachb341 ）為材料，克隆了2073hp長的rubisco序列。The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of f. limnocharis was detailedly compared with those of 5 other amphibians. the nucleotide sequences of 22 trna encoded by 6 amphibians mitochondrial genomes were combined and aligned to the homologous sequences of the 11 veterbrate taxa. using teleosts as outgroup, the phylogenetic analyses results show that mp, nj and ml trees all strongly support the monophyly of living amphibians with respect to other living tetrapods and favor a sister group relationship for caecilians and salamanders
我們在測定了澤蛙線粒體全基因組序列的基礎上，與已知其它的5種兩棲類進行詳細的比較分析，同時選擇了11種高等脊椎動物的線粒體全基因序列，以硬骨魚類做外群，用22個trna基因合併數據進行系統發生重建分析，結果表明mp 、 nj和ml樹都強力地支持現生兩棲類動物為單系群並且蠑螈類和蚓螈類為姐妹群關系（自引導值分別為92 、 99 、 100 ） 。According to the cladistic analysis, which has been introduced since the middle period of 20 century, eublepharidae was the most primiteve clade and gekkonidae was differentiated latest
20世紀中葉以後，在研究中引入了支序分析方法，提出幾種系統發生假說，觀點雖不盡一致，但一般認為瞼虎科最為原始，壁虎科分化較晚。And supports to the establishment of a separate genus neoeriocheir, but does not provide justification for the recognition of platyeriocheir. the results provided more evidence of the conspecific status of three taxa : e. japonica, e. sinensis and e. hepuensis. the mitten crabs distributed in china and okinawa of japan constitute a monophyletic group sister to e. japonica from osaka of japan suggested that two subspecies of e. japonica : e. j
基於線粒體16srdna部分序列的系統發生分析支持日本絨螫蟹、中華絨螯蟹與合浦絨螯蟹合併為一個物種，即日本絨螯蟹（ e . japonica ） ，分佈於中國和日本沖繩的絨螯蟹與分佈在日本大阪的絨螯蟹構成姊妹群，提示日本絨螯蟹可能包含2個亞種，即日本絨螯蟹指名亞種（ e . j . japonica ）和中華亞種（ e . j . sinensis ） 。According to the space - tim e maturation during the development of the vessel elements in primary vascular system : the vessel elememts of the cotyledons and the lower portion of cnz formed firstly, then downward hypocotyl - root zone, at length, the vessel elememts of the upper and middle portion of cnz and epicotyl - shoot region connected with each other, the result uphold the seedling partition model that divides seedling into cnz, hypocotyl - root region and epicotyl - shoot region
根據金魚草幼苗初生維管系統導管分子發育的時空性，即子葉和子葉節區下部導管分子先形成，然後向下形成下胚軸-根區的導管分子，最後子葉節區中、上部與上胚軸-苗區的導管分子再發生連接，據此支持將幼苗分為子葉節區、下胚軸-根區和上胚軸-苗區的幼苗分區模型。In power system full dynandc simulation software, the adndttance matrixes of fault branches are adopted in the fault models to simulate arbitrary symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, by use of contraction technique for adndttance matrix the multi - faults and the randomly occurred faults can be processed. the feature of this method is that the arbitrary multi - fault occurred in a branch can be simulated without any additional branches or buses to be added, thereby, the ca1culation efficiency and the expedience of usage are improved
本文提出採用故障支路導納陣處理復故障計算，該演算法可以對一條支路發生任意重故障進行處理，而不需要增加支路或節點，克服了目前常用的電力系統機電暫態程序在處理復故障時，一般要按照事先預想的故障類型以及故障和操作發生的位置增加新的節點和小開關支路的問題。When crisis began, the frangibility of bank endangered the normal operation of the payment and clearing system, which resulted in credit and confidence collapse
危機發生后，銀行脆弱性直接危害了整個支付與清算系統正常運轉，造成連鎖反應式的信用恐慌與崩潰。Starting from the definition of consideration, the paper states the theoretical and legal basis of consideration, and makes comparison between consideration and compensation. the content contains : ( 1 ) consideration is an important concept in the british and american law of contract ; ( 2 ) when nonnegotiable share turns to be negotiable, the price of negotiable share will decrease. therefore, if this action occurs, nonnegotiable shareholders should make promise to protect negotiable shareholders ’ benefits ; ( 3 ) shareholder structure premium is the basic theoretical basis of consideration payment ; ( 4 ) consideration is a reasonable compensation which contract beneficiary gives to sufferer, according to the fair principle of the civil law
對價從法律上看是一種等價有償的允諾關系，而從經濟學的角度說，對價就是利益沖突的雙方處于各自利益最優狀況的要約而又互不被對方接受時，通過兩個或兩個以上平等主體之間的妥協關系來解決這一沖突; （ 2 ）把對價運用於股權分置改革，其基本含義是未來非流通股轉為可流通時，由於會導致流通股股價下跌，因此，流通股股東同意非流通股可流通的同時，非流通股股東也要對這一行為發生時將充分保護流通股股東的利益不受損作出相應承諾; （ 3 ）股權分置溢價是支付對價的基The calculation methods of shelters ’ capacity and the discount method of road capacity under the situation of emergency evacuation were given. then, taking emergency evacuation of the beijing 2008 olympic games as an example, we make out the emergency evacuation preplan for olympic games. on the aid of the advanced computer system simulation techniques, using emergency evacuation simulation software to animate the whole process of olympic evacuation for the fist time, and got some key parameters that can provide decision making supports for decision - makers, such as, the whole evacuation time, the average evacuation speed etc. and the simulation results were analyzed
本文首先分析了我國大城市的交通狀況和突發事件發生狀況，在分析國內外應急疏散研究現狀的基礎上，借鑒國內外應對突發事件應急疏散的經驗和教訓，結合我國大城市突發事件應急疏散的具體特點，提出了大城市突發事件應急疏散研究的總體框架，提出了突發事件應急避難所和應急疏散道路的選擇原則，給出了應急避難所的容量計算方法和疏散道路在應急狀態下的道路通行能力的折算方法;然後以北京2008年奧運會突發事件的應急疏散為例，制定了奧運會突發事件應急疏散預案，藉助先進的計算機系統模擬技術，首次利用應急疏散模擬軟體orems對整個疏散過程進行了模擬，得到了總體疏散時間、平均疏散速度等可以為決策者提供決策支持的關鍵參數，並對模擬結果作了分析。Phylogenetic analysis surports that anseranas should be placed in monotypic family anseranatidae, and the whistling ducks and the white - backed duck should be separated from subfamily anserinae and placed them into family dendrocygnidae. the family anatidae could be classified into two subfamilies, anserinae and anatinae. the results approve that the swans should be put into the tribe cygnini of subfamily anserinae as suggested by livezey ( 1996, 1997b ) and the shelducks should be placed in the tribe tadornini of subfamily anatinae, therefore, our results do not support sibley and ahlquist ' s ( 1990 ) establishment of the subfamily cygninae and placing the shelducks in the tribe anserini
研究結果表明： 1 ）雁形目鳥類12srrna基因有較多的堿基插入和缺失，堿基轉換數高於顛換數； 2 ）贊同將鵲鵝（ anseranas ）置於鵲鵝科（ anseranatidae ）中，樹鴨（ dendrocygna ）應從雁亞科（ anserinae ）中獨立出來設立樹鴨科（ dendrocygnidae ） ，白背鴨（ thalassornis ）隸屬于樹鴨科； 3 ）鴨科（ anatidae ）可分為雁亞科和鴨亞科（ anatinae ） 2個亞科，不贊同sibley & ahlquist （ 1990 ）設立天鵝亞科（ cygninae ）及將麻鴨歸入雁族（ anserini ）的觀點，支持livezey （ 1996a ， 1997b ）的觀點建議將天鵝類歸為雁亞科天鵝族（ cygnini ） ，麻鴨置於鴨亞科下麻鴨族； 4 ）在鴨亞科內的系統發生上，潛鴨最早分歧出來，麻鴨、海中文摘要鴨及棲鴨彼此iaj的親緣關系較近；河鴨族為一單系發生群，在系統演化中形成獨立的一支。Abstract : the system, in the span - by - span construction of brid ge, willexperience three kinds of shifts from the state of simple beam to the continuous state, from overhanging beam to the continuous beam and from few - spans continuous beam to required degree span by span. meanwhile, structural calculatin g graphics and the internal force are changing with the three shifts
文摘:在橋梁工程逐孔施工過程中，體系將發生由簡支梁狀態到連續梁狀態，由懸臂梁到連續梁，由少跨連續梁逐孔延伸到所要求的體系三種轉換，同時結構計算圖式和內力也發生變化。The morphological diagnostic characters for many mature and early instar larvae are still lacking in china. partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxydase i and ii and a transfor rna ( co i co ii and trna ) gene of the adults and larvae from caddisflies were. lepidostomaflavum, l. fui, l. arcuatum, paraphlegopteryx morsei, apsilochorema unculatum and apsilochorema hwangi, and the larval and adult stages of these species were sequenced and associated
採用dnastarpackage中的editseq軟體進行序列編輯、 orf查找；採用clustalx軟體進行序列比對（ alignment ） ；比對結果輸入mega2 . 1軟體計算各樣品間的遺傳距離，並基於kjmura2 - parameter模型，用鄰接法（ neighbor - jojning ， nj ）構建系統發生樹，通過自展（ bootstrap1000次）檢驗獲得系統樹分支的置信度。It narrates this articles research background and significance. meanwhile it summarizes researching trend in internal and external countries. part 2 gives the theory basic of this article, from six aspects, mainly explains and narrates how the relation which between land planning and land price existing and acting to each other
第二部分為第2章，是本論文研究論題的基礎理論支持部分，主要從區位論、級差地租理論、外部性、城市規劃理論、系統論、城市結構理論六個方面闡述城市規劃與城市地價是如何之所以存在緊密聯系並發生相互作用的。To help resolve phylogenetic relationships among the crabs of the genus eriocheir and the genus helice ( varunidae ), portions of the mitochondrial genome corresponding to the 16s rrna gene were sequenced for helice ( helice ) tientsinesis distributed in china and all species of eriocheir distributed in china and japan
測定了天津厚蟹和分佈於中國和日本的絨螯蟹類線粒體16rrna基因的部分序列，探討了弓蟹類厚蟹屬、絨螯蟹屬等的系統發生關系。系統發生分析結果支持將厚蟹屬從相手蟹科移至弓蟹科。Phylogenetic relationships among these haplotypes were inferred from a minimum spanning network, which was constructed by the computer software minispnet, and two phylogenetic reconstructions were determined by using maximum likelihood algorithm incorporated in the phylogenetic inference package ( phylip ) version 3. 5c and neighbour joining algorithm incorporated in the software molecular evolution genetic analysis ( mega ) version 2. 0. all these methods exclusively divided the haplotypes into three monophyletic clades corresponding to china mainland, northern japan, and southern japan populations respectively. in these populations, the china mainland population and the southern japan population have a relatively closer affinity than either of them with the northern japan population
最小跨度網路圖（ minimumspanningnetwork ， msn ）和基於最大似然法（ maximumlikelihood ， ml ）和鄰接法（ neighborjoining ， nj ）的系統發生分析均把單元型聚類為對應于中國大陸、日本南部和日本北部的三個單系，其中中國大陸和日本南部梅花鹿有相對較近的親緣關系，支持日本梅花鹿的祖先通過至少兩個大陸橋從亞洲遷移到日本的觀點。( 3 ) as teratoscincus dose not cluster with any other taxa with bootstrap supports in both data sets, so the phylogenetic status of teratoscincinae has not been resolved in the present study. 3
Teratoscfncus未在自引導支持下與任何分類單元相聚，所以沙虎亞科（ teratoscincjnae ）的系統發生地位在本研究中未得出結論。The higher order status of the sphaerodactyls will require more intensive sampling of this group
S基因序列分析顯示它可能是壁虎科最原始的一支，該類群的系統發生地位需要增加樣本進一步研究。分享友人