約束斷面 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yāoshùduànmiàn]
約束斷面 英文
vena contracta
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 束 : Ⅰ動詞1 （捆; 系） bind; tie 2 （控制; 約束）control; restrain Ⅱ量詞（用於捆在一起的東西） bundle;...
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 面 : Ⅰ名詞1 （頭的前部; 臉） face 2 （物體的表面） surface; top 3 （外露的一層或正面） outside; the ri...
  • 約束 : keep within bounds; restrain; bind; bound; boundage;tie; restraint; restriction; engagement; repr...
  • 斷面 : section; fracture surface; plane of fracture
  1. To solve the inaccuracy problem caused by the two existing methods ( average end - area method and prismoidal method ) used for the calculation of roadway earthwork volume, this paper puts forward a new concept of the 3 - dimensional algorithm that takes all the roadway geometric design procedures as a kind of geometrical operation between the ground model ( original terrain model ) and the roadway model ( designed model ) under certain constraints, and then presents a complete 3 - dimensional algorithm of roadway earthwork volume as well as its executable computer program. the algorithm benefits from the re - triangulation technique of constrained delaunay triangulation ( cdt ), which can yield a true volume value theoretically. through a number of practical tests covering varied intervals between adjacent cross sections, it is proven to possess a higher accuracy compared with that of traditional methods. all the work involved in this paper indicates that the 3 - dimensional calculation of roadway earthwork volume is feasible, more accurate and should have further application in practice

    針對目前廣泛使用的道路土方量計算方法平均斷面法和稜柱體法計算不準確的缺點，提出了三維土方量計算演算法的概念.該演算法以帶約束的狄羅尼三角化（ cdt ）為技術核心，認為所有道路幾何設計過程都是地面模型和道路（設計）模型進行幾何運算的結果.基於此，本文設計出相應的演算法步驟，同時完成了相應的軟體開發，使得該三維演算法能和傳統的方法進行對比.此外，結合工程實例，採用了不同的道路橫斷面間距對三維計算方法和傳統方法的誤差進行比較、分析.結果證明三維演算法具有更好的精度，該演算法可用於道路、場地平整等工程土方量計算
  2. On one side, tncs " m & a practices constitute a external force pushing china ' s further soes " reform, such as diversification of corporate ownership, enhancement of corporate governance structure, effective incentives mechanisms for corporate managers, upgrade of domestic enterprise ' s international competitiveness, introduce of competition mechanisms in monopoly industries, and so on. on the other side, tncs " m & a practices may bring some potential risks, such as soes " losing dominant position in strategic industries, costs of m & a failures, less employment opportunities, risks of embezzlement of stated owned assets, and tncs " abuse of market power

    五、跨國公司對中國企業的並購猶如一把雙刃劍，一方面它將有利於國有產權的多元化、公司治理結構的完善、控制權市場的形成、經營者的有效激勵約束、企業國際競爭力的提升、以及壟斷行業競爭機制的引入；另一方面，它也會產生各種風險，如國有經濟戰略性地位喪失的風險、整合失敗的風險、就業減少的風險、國內資產流失的風險、以及跨國公司非競爭性行為發生的風險等。
  3. After have systematically studied sequence stratigraphy of chagan depression, a analysis method of high precision sequence stratigraphic framework in fault - depressed lacustrine basin. the core of the establishing framework is exploration - significant identify of sequence, division of 2, 3, 4, 5 grades sequence and analysis of base - level based on lithologic log or well - logging, high - resolution seismic inversion constrained to well data. then using the results of 2d seismic data, and interpret sequence to enhance the precision of interpretation

    斷陷盆地高精度層序地層格架建立的核心是用鉆/測井和井約束條件下的高解析度儲層橫向預測剖面等高解析度資料進行具有勘探意義的二、三、四和五級層序的界面識別、層序劃分和基準面變化分析，在此基礎上標定常規地震剖面，進行區域層序地層分析，達到提高層序地層解釋精度的目的。
  4. The another one, the system of most private enterprise is non - consummate, such as not consummate at the field of management structure, bestirring and inhibiting rules, stratagem and management, and result in the poor core competence. for examples, some leaders of private enterprise are arbitrary and do n ' t believe in other people to manage work ; only trust his connection and private friends to be in charge of management ; some decision made according to feeling only, not according to scientific judgment ; in defect of bestirring and inhibiting rules. . so on. there are total five chapters in this article

    究其原因，一方面是因為目前中國保護民營企業的制度機制還不完善，民營企業還無法取得和國營企業相同的政治待遇，另一方面是由於多數民營企業自身制度缺損，表現在企業治理結構、激勵約束機制、戰略管理等方面極不完善，從而造成的核心競爭力普遍低下，如：民營企業家決策中獨斷專行，對他人不能放心放權；民營企業經營管理中太相信親戚和朋友；部分決策聽任感覺，缺乏科學論斷；缺少激勵約束機制等。
  5. Considering that the characteristics of our country ' s highway tunnels are always of long spans, tabular and of various geometry, by means of thorough analysis of the different problems existed in the design of support structures of the tunnels at present, this paper pays special attention to the two key problems, optimization method of form selection of structural section of the tunnel as well as the stability and bearing capacity of the support structures, in the design of the long and large tunnel on high - class highway, introduces the simplified complex - form optimum method in the structure optimization theory, discusses the optimum design model of lining section of highway tunnel with satisfying demands in building clearance, ventilation and load conditions, puts forward an optimization method of form selection of three different kinds of lining sectional forms ( i. e. single - center circle, three - center tabular circle and three - center sharp circle ), establishes a complete set of systematic optimum design the ory and method of long and large tunnel on high - class highway, develops the corresponding computer software used on the planned xuefeng mountain highway tunnel on shaoyang to huaihua expressway in hunan province for optimization of form selections of the structural sections, and obtains a series of relatively reasonable structural design parameters

    本文針對我國公路隧道多為大跨度、扁平、幾何形狀呈多樣化的特點，通過深入分析目前隧道支護結構設計中存在的各種問題，抓住高等級公路長大隧道設計中隧道結構斷面的優化選型及隧道支護結構的穩定性與承載能力兩個核心問題，引入結構優化理論中的簡易復合形優化方法，深入探討了滿足建築限界、通風條件、受力狀態約束等條件下公路隧道襯砌斷面優化設計模型，提出了三種襯砌斷面形狀（單心圓、坦三心圓和尖三心圓）的優化選型方法，建立起一套完善的高等級公路長大隧道的系統優化設計理論與方法，並開發出相應的計算機程序，用於擬建的上海至瑞麗國道主幹線湖南省邵陽至懷化高速公路雪峰山長大高速公路隧道的結構斷面優化選型，得出了一系列較為合理的支護結構設計參數。
  6. Five aspects, such as the highest temperature in the middle of block, maximum horizontal stress, average stresses of any sections, stress changing process of typical points, and stress changing range between tension and compression, are discussed in detail

    從各塊體中部最高溫度、最大水平約束應力、斷面平均水平約束應力、典型點應力發展過程、正反向應力變幅等5個方面，比較系統地闡述了大體積混凝土通倉澆築問題。
  7. With the using of microsoft visual basic 6. 0, a multimedia computer - aided design system of small type pumping irrigation district is developed in this paper. provided with the live multimedia messages as well as a good man - machine conversation mechanism, this system can help the user to finish the planning of an pumping irrigated area such as the layout of canal system, the selection of pump models, the establishment of the irrigation program, the calculating of canals " parameters, the estimate of the project magnitude, the selection of the field constructions, the economic analysis of the project, the output of results, etc, a new oo ( object oriented ) programming method is adopted in this system, various softwares are integrated in this systems as well by the " automation " technic provided by vb, in addition, the multimedia technic is applied to this system for the first time, it makes the system easy to ope rate. as for the optimization of the canals " section, a new optimization method is adopted based on the existing theories about the canals " section, and in this way, with the purpose of minimizing the project ' s investment as well as a stalized canal, limited by the longituding slope, the canals " best feasible parameters can be deduced. furthermore, a integral method to reckon the earth work is developed in this paper, by this way, the estimate precision of the earthwork is enhanced notably. this paper includes the particular illumination for the developing procedure of each systems " segment, and in the end, the directions of the system are demonstrated in a sample area which lies in the zhaija village, taizhou city, jiangsu province, the running results showed that the initial purposes are achieved effectively, and it has a preferable practicability

    在渠道縱橫斷面優化方面，本文在利用已經比較成熟的縱橫斷面優化理論的基礎上，提出以工程總費用最小為目標函數，以渠道縱坡i為控制變量，以渠道不沖不淤流速及灌區允許地面比降為約束條件，通過縱橫斷面聯動優化的方法得到渠道的最佳工程可行的斷面參數。另外，針對部分地區的取土困難的狀況，本文採用積分法計算渠道工程土方量，從而大大提高了土方量的估算精度，有助於準確控制工程投資規模及資金投向。本文詳細闡述了該系統所採用的編程方法、系統構成、系統各組成模塊的開發過程以及灌區規劃所採用的優化方法及原理，最後應用本系統對泰州市翟家村機電灌區進行規劃設計，運行結果證明其操作比較簡便，界面友好，運行速度快，規劃成果合理，基本達到了系統預定的要求，具備較強的實用性。
  8. In the paper, the transmission power of section constituted by the assigned branch is seen as objective function, assigning the adjustable generators both in sending system and receiving system, assigning the faults set, including the constraint conditions such as the differences between the angles of rotor and the inertia center angel of the whole system, the thermal stability of branch and node voltage, obtaining the results by using interior - point solution and line - predominant jordan

    本文提出的考慮暫態穩定約束的可用輸電能力演算法是以指定線路組成的斷面的傳輸功率為目標函數，指定送端系統和受端系統中參考調節的發電機，指定故障集情況下，以發電機轉子相對全系統慣性中心的角度差、線路熱穩定、節點電壓等構成約束條件，採用內點法和行主元約當逐行消去法求解問題的最優解。
  9. As the basis of stochastic torsional analysis, a stepped thin - walled beam model with complex cross - sections of arbitrary shapes ( open, closed or mixed ) is established in this paper, which takes into account the effect of secondary shear flow resulting from warping restraint

    摘要具有復雜斷面形狀的階梯精密梁模型作為扭轉隨機分析的基礎，可以計及翹曲約束引起的二次剪流。
  10. In aspect of urban infrastructure construction ' s financing, apart from support from the government revenue, efforts should be made in developing the capital market so as to widen sourcing of fund raising, in gradually opening the investment market for urban infrastructure construction and fostering, encourage and guiding the participating in urban construction of economies of different ownerships, and actively marking use of foreign capital in urban construction, so as to accomplish a new system of investment and fund raising for urban infrastructure construction that features pluralization of the markers of investment in urban infrastructure construction, market - orientation of the capital sourcing and diversification of the investment mode, and in establishing and perfection of the mechanism of self - discipline for risk with investment so as to enhance efficiency of the investment

    本文通過對我國城市基礎設施建設投融資體系歷史變革情況的回顧和對當前投融資體系中存在問題的分析，就城市建設資金的籌措和建設資金的管理進行了研究。在城市基礎設施建設資金的籌措方面，除靠政府財政投入外，還應通過發展資本市場，不斷拓寬融資渠道；要逐步開放城市基礎設施投資市場，支持、鼓勵和引導多種所有制經濟參與城市建設，並積極利用外資投資于城市建設，實現城市基礎設施建設投資主體的多元化、資本來源市場化、投資方式多樣化的新的投融資體制；要建立和完善投資風險的自我約束機制，提高投資效益。
  11. Seeing that service expiration auditing ( sea ) has positive effects on supervising the behavior of leaders, defending the financial law and discipline and promoting the development of the market - driven economy in our country, it has been also carried out in college since 2000

    鑒于地方經濟責任審計對加強領導幹部的監督，維護財經法紀，促使領導幹部不斷提高管理水平和遵紀守法意識以及自我約束能力，推動黨風廉政建設，促進社會主義市場經濟的發展等方面，發揮了積極作用，從2000年起，高校全面推行了領導幹部經濟責任審計工作。
  12. The thesis presents a new method to calculate transient stability limit, describing the calculation problem as a best parameters selection problem, with an object of largest transport power on transmit lines and constrains of static variables and transient stability

    本文將求解暫態穩定極限問題描述為一個以輸電線路或輸電斷面輸送功率最大為目標，以靜態運行變量及暫態穩定為約束條件的最優參數選取問題。
  13. The shape of cross section of gravity dams under basic loads was optimized from an initial quadrilateral region with the stability of dam bodies against sliding and the tensile stress in dam heels taken as restraints

    以四邊形為初始域，以重力壩的穩定和壩踵拉應力為約束條件，對基本荷載作用下的重力壩基本斷面形狀進行優化。
  14. To fulfill the need of the application of rp technique in medical domain, reverse cad modeling from medical cross sections is systematically studied in this dissertation. firstly, some algorithms related to the research of this dissertation are studied. new algorithms for orientation and inclusion test for simple polygon, an error constrained automatic faring algorithm for b - spline curve and a theorem regarding the termination criterion for subdivision of triangular bezier patch are proposed

    本文針對rp技術在醫學領域應用的需要，系統研究了基於醫學斷層輪廓數據的反求cad建模理論和方法： （ 1 ）在基礎演算法研究部分，提出了簡單多邊形方向及點在多邊形內外判斷的新方法、三角b zier曲面片離散的誤差控制定理和一種帶誤差約束的b樣條曲線的自動光順方法； （ 2 ）提出了一種基於相鄰層輪廓相似性的醫學斷層輪廓數據曲面重構方法； （ 3 ）提出了一種稱為「虛擬測量」的曲面模型處理方法。
  15. The dynamic programming model for water conveying and distribution system design is firstly presented in this thesis in the aspect of systematic optimization. taking the minimum earthwork or total cost as objectives, the longitudinal and transverse cross sections of two - stage and more canal system can be optimized to obtain optimal canal slops and relevant parameters, which will satisfy the restraints of water levels without erosion and sediment

    在系統優化方面，本文在總結前人的基礎上首次提出了輸配水系統優化設計的動態規劃渠系協調優化模型，以土方量最小或總費用最小為目標函數，對兩級或兩級以上的渠系縱橫斷面進行優化設計，可得到滿足渠道不沖不淤、水位銜接及首末水位約束的最優縱坡及其相應的斷面參數。
  16. The paper is an attempt to put forward fitting julyk distribution curve by statistic histogram curves fitting based on area constraint and to estimate whether sample data meet normal distribution or not

    摘要提出利用基於面積約束的統計直方圖密度擬合方法把試捲成績樣本數據擬合成一條連續的曲線，並判斷樣本數據是否符合正態分佈。
  17. The objective innovation suggests the financial management objective system that includes the total objective - economic value added rate and the subsidiary objective such as the optimum of cash stream the optimum of capital profit rate the optimum of allocation value added rate ; the conception innovation of financial management builds the financial management conception system that revolve around the maximum of economic value added rate objective, which includes objective judgment conception. legal conception and moral conception system ; the method innovation of financial management offers five developed technologies of financial management that includes network finance, financial reproduction tactics financial resource planning financial project and financial strategy ; the institution innovation of financial management designs the institution structure of financial management with the enterprise financial management content and financial subjective behavior from the decision of innovation principle, as well as mentions the concrete content of financial institution innova tion ; the content innovation of financial management highlights adjusting the point of financing management and investment management transforming the objective of inventory management reforming the model of profit allocating improving the level of risk management promoting the financial analysis and appraisal system

    財務管理目標創新探討了以經濟增加值率最大化為總目標，輔之以現金流量最優化、資金利潤率最優化、分配增值率最優化分目標的目標體系；財務管理觀念創新構建了以經濟增加值率最大化目標為核心觀念、包括客觀判斷觀念、法律觀念和道德觀念的財務管理觀念體系：財務管理方法創新提出網路財務、財務再生策略、財務資源規劃、財務工程、財務戰略五種先進的財務管理方法技術：財務管理制度創新從確定創新原則入手，分別按企業財務管理內容和財務行為主體進行財務管理制度的框架設計，並從財務融資機制創新、激勵與約束制度創新、財務信息披露制度創新四個方面說明了財務管理制度創新的具體內容；財務管理內容創新強調調整籌資管理與投資管理的重點、轉移存貨管理目標、變革利潤分配模式、提高風險管理水平、改進財務分析和財務評價體系。
  18. On one hand, economists explore the theoretic foundation and effectiveness of banking supervision and supervision, for example, diamond and dybvig ' s banking run model, kaufman ' s systemic risk theory, stiglitz ' s financial restrain theory, et cetera. on the other hand, practice departments continually enact different laws, rules and regulation in order to revise and remedy the faultiness in banking regulation and supervision, try to promote the technical measures and management level and to perfect institutions

    一方面，經濟學家試圖從多個角度對銀行監管的理論基礎和有效性進行探討，如diamond和dybvig的銀行擠提模型； kaufman的系統風險理論； stiglitz的金融約束理論等等；另一方面，實踐部門也不斷地出臺各種法律、法規和規章制度來修正和彌補監管中存在的不足，努力提高監管的技術手段和管理水平，完善監管制度。
  19. On one hand, agricultural products supply has turned from being in shortage to a basic balance in total amount, and after our country joins wto, the agricultural products will face the fierce international market competition, and market demand is larger and larger to the engagement which agriculture will be developed ; on the other hand, with the abuse of chemical fertilizer and agrochemicals, the agricultural ecological environment worsens sharply and harmful substances remained in agricultural products increase constantly, thus impair agricultural product quality and the improvements of its benefit, restricting the sustainable development of ecological agriculture too

    目前，我國農業發展面臨著資源、需求和環境約束。一方面，農產品供給已由短缺轉向總量基本平衡，我國加入wto后，農產品又將面臨激烈的國際市場競爭，市場需求對農業發展的約束力越來越大；另一方面，隨著化肥、農藥的大量使用，農業生態環境急劇惡化，農產品中殘留的有害物質不斷增加，影響了農產品質量和效益的提高，也制約著生態農業的可持續發展。
  20. Such operation character is related to the soft budget restriction existing between the government and state - owned enterprises, and the government ' s interference in the state - owned banks makes such soft budget restriction transfer to the field of credit

    這種行為特徵，與政府和國有企業之間存在的預算軟約束有關。而政府對國有銀行的干預，使這種預算軟約束轉移到信貸領域，從而導致了國有銀行不斷對虧損國有企業提供融資的局面。
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