級外葉 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jíwàiyè]
級外葉
英文
off type-
Sawn timber - appearance grading of softwoods - part 1 : european spruces, firs, pines, douglas fir and larches
鋸材.軟木的外觀分級.第1部分:歐洲雲杉冷杉松木黃杉和落葉松Abstract : soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and erman ' s birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in erman ' s birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in erman ' s birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and erman ' s birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil
文摘:為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25Soil incubation experiments were conducted in lab to delineate the effect of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respirations in broad - leaved / korean pine forest ( mountain dark brown forest soil ), dark coniferous forest ( mountain brown coniferous forest soil ) and ermans birch forest ( mountain soddy forest soil ) in changbai mountain in september 2001. the soil water content was adjusted to five different levels ( 9, 21, 30, 37 and 43 ) by adding certain amount of water into the soil cylinders, and the soil sample was incubated at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 for 24 h the results indicated that in broad - leaved / korean pine forest the soil respiration rate was positively correlated to soil temperature from 0 to 35. soil respiration rate increased with increase of soil water content within the limits of 21 to 37, while it decreased with soil water content when water content was over the range. the result suggested the interactive effects of temperature and water content on soil respiration. there were significant differences in soil respiration among the various forest types. the soil respiration rate was highest in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, middle in ermans birch forest and the lowest in dark coniferous forest. the optimal soil temperature and soil water content for soil respiration was 35 and 37 in broad - leaved / korean pine forest, 25 and 21 in dark coniferous forest, and 35 and 37 in ermans birch forest. because the forests of broad - leaved / korean pine, dark coniferous and ermans birch are distributed at different altitudes, the soil temperature had 4 - 5 variation in different forest types during the same period. thus, the soil respiration rates measured in brown pine mountain soil were lower than those in dark brown forest and those measured in mountain grass forest soil were higher than those in brown pine mountain soil
為了研究土壤溫度和土壤含水量對闊葉紅松林（山地暗棕壤） 、雲冷杉暗針葉林（山地棕針葉林土壤）和岳樺林（生草森林土）的土壤呼吸的影響，於2001年9月在長白山進行了土壤實驗.利用增加土壤樣柱的含水量，將土壤含水量分為9 ， 、 21 、 30 、 37和43 5個等級，土壤樣品分別在0 、 5 、 15 、 25和35的溫度下保持24小時.闊葉紅松林土壤在0 （ 35范圍內，土壤呼吸速率與溫度呈正相關.在一定的含水量范圍內（ 21 （ 37 ） ，土壤呼吸隨含水量的增加而升高，當含水量超出該范圍，土壤呼吸速率則隨含水量的變化而降低.土壤溫度和水分對土壤呼吸作用存在明顯的交互作用.不同森林類型土壤呼吸作用強弱存在顯著差異，大小順序為闊葉紅松林>岳樺林>雲冷杉暗針葉林.紅松闊葉林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是土壤溫度35 ，含水量37 ;雲冷杉暗針葉林下的山地棕色針葉土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是25 ， 21 ;岳樺林土壤呼吸作用的最佳條件是35 ，含水量37 .但是，由於長白山闊葉紅松林，雲冷杉林和岳樺林處在不同的海拔帶上，同期不同森林類型土壤溫度各不相同，相差4 ~ 5 ，所以野外所測的同期的山地棕色針葉林土呼吸速率應低於暗棕色森林土呼吸速率，山地生草森林土呼吸速率應高於山地棕色針葉林土的呼吸速率.圖2表1參25Abstract : the effects of terbium ion on the conformation of calmodulin and on the interaction between calmodulin and melittin have been studied by the endogenous fluorescent spectrometry of calmodulin and melittin, and the sensitized fluorescent spectrometry of terbium ion, respectively. the results show that terbium ions have a tight binding site in the i and ii metal - binding sites of calmodulin. the conformation of calmodulin induced by terbium ion can bind melittin and transfer the tryptophane residue of melittin to a relatively hydrophobic environment, while the binding of melittin to calmodulin produces effect on the binding orders of terbium ion in camodulin. results from ft - ir spectrometry have revealed that upon binding of lanthanum ion, apo - calmodulin undergoes a conformational change with the increase of - helix content and the decrease of - sheet content. melittin ' s binding to calmodulin has no effect on its conformation induced by the binding of lanthanum ion to calmodulin
文摘:分別用鈣調蛋白和蜂毒素的內源熒光光譜以及鋱離子的敏化熒光光譜考察了鋱離子對鈣調蛋白構象變化以及對鈣調蛋白與蜂毒素相互作用的影響.結果表明，鋱離子首先結合在鈣調蛋白的第和第位點，鋱離子不影響鈣調蛋白與蜂毒素的相互作用，蜂毒素與鈣調蛋白作用后不影響鋱離子在鈣調蛋白上的鍵合順序.傅里葉變換紅外光譜結果表明三價的鑭離子與鈣調蛋白作用使鈣調蛋白的螺旋結構增加，折疊結構減少，與鈣離子對它的二級結構影響相類似.稀土離子在鈣調蛋白-蜂毒素復合體系中主要與鈣調蛋白作用In china, there is only a few scholars have been involved in this field and no systematic taxonomy on this group, this study is to clarify the exact number of the species in china, to describe them, and to revise the current taxonomic system of the subfamily. this study is major in taxonomy of the subfamily hecalinae from china, including its taxonomic resume, zoogeography and taxonomic status. as a result, a revised taxonomic system of hecalinae is proposed, 2 new genera, 10 new species and 2 new subspecies are described, and 3 cinese new records are reported
文中簡要闡述了鏟頭葉蟬的寄主范圍和為害，本研究的目的和意義，詳細闡述了該亞科的國內外分類概況，簡單介紹了該亞科的研究方法，重點進行了鏟頭葉蟬亞科的分類，提出中國鏟頭葉蟬族的屬級分類系統，共記錄和描述中國鏟頭葉蟬亞科2族7屬26種，其中新屬2個，新種10個，新亞種2個，中國新記錄種3個，首次描述了黃綠六室葉蟬thomsoniellanitobei的雄蟲特徵。Niche breadth of four dominate populations at three age groups was studied by the methods of resource utilization ability and ratio. the result shows that : symplocos sectchuanensis is a typical gengeration species whi ch resource utilization ability is strong, and distribution is wide. meanwhile, go rdonia acuminata, castanopsis fargesis and pinus massoniana specialized at some d egree in resource utilizationm, their distribution is limited. especially, the ju venile of pinus massoniana specialized outstandingly. with the devlopment of pinu s massoniana, which is the pioneer population in mt. jinyun, the environment become s unfit to it ' s juvenile. it turns to needle and evergreen broad - leaves mixed fo r est. because the tolerance toward shading of gordonia acuminata is lower than tha t of castanopsis fargesis, gordonia acuminata will be substituted by castanopsis fargesis and other evergreen broad - leaves species are the edificators. the popul ation ' s ability of resource utilization is the inner factor of population distri bution and community succession. the distribution of light and the concentrate of nutrient ( such as n ) is the outer factors of community succession
對縉雲山森林植被的4個優勢種群3個年齡級生態位寬度進行了研究.結果表明，川灰木利用資源的能力最強、分佈廣，為典型的泛化種.大頭茶、栲樹、馬尾松對資源的利用在一定程度上特化，分佈上有一定的局限性.馬尾松的中齡組與幼齡組特化現象十分顯著.縉雲山森林植被的先鋒種馬尾松的發展，導致環境的改變不適于其幼齡個體的生長，群落演替到針闊葉混交林階段，最後發展為以栲樹等為建群種的常綠闊葉林.種群的資源利用能力，是種群分佈與群落演替的內在原因，光因子和營養元素（如n ）是群落演替的主要外部動力In addition, tea which is grown during wet weather and is growing fast, produces less attractive character and flavor than the tea that is growing very slowly in dry conditions, and this applies really throughout the tea - growing world
貝達得:另外，世界上所有茶葉生產地的情況都相同，那就是多雨天氣中生長快的茶葉其風味和品級都不及比較乾旱而生長緩慢的茶葉好。Effects of different fuel - air ratios and different geometric parameters of dual - stage swirler ( such as inner diameters of the primary swirl and secondary swirl passages, outer diameters of the secondary swirl passages, vane angle of the primary and secondary swirler, the distance of the flare exit from throat etc ) on combustion performances are studied experimentally. the experimental results show that radial profiles of the outlet gas temperature 、 combustion efficiency 、 emissions of co2 、 co and nox and lean blowout are affected with different degrees by the different geometric parameters of dual - stage swirler and the arrangement of primary holes
在不同油氣比下，不同的雙級旋流器幾何參數（例如:一級與二級旋流器出口內徑d 、葉片安裝角、二級旋流器出口外徑d 、二級旋流器的喉道到出口截面的距離l和喉道前後的圓弧半徑r以及主燃孔孔布局等）對單頭部環形燃燒室的出口溫度分佈、燃燒效率、貧油熄火油氣比以及污染物（ co _ 2 、 co和nox ）排放等燃燒性能的影響規律進行了研究。The taoist priest peak tea leaves are graded into the following : the best grade, and grade 1 to grade 4. the appearance of the best graded tea leaves is a bit flat and just like the spearhead. the leaves are soft and downy. the colour of tea is hight green. the tea made from the best graded leaves is tasty and refreshing
道人峰有機毛峰特級外形緊細捲曲，顯毫帶尖，湯色嫩綠，香氣高香，滋味清爽，葉底一芽二葉為主毛峰二級外形細捲曲，湯色以綠，香氣清香，滋味較醇爽，葉底一芽三葉為主，略有一芽四葉。Compared with natural ventilating up - draft barn, the common curing barn installed with " automatic controlling temperature and forced humid air exhausting apparatus " can enhance evidently superior leaves ratio, average price and income of raw tobacco, decrease evidently substandard tobacco leaves ratio, lighten work hardness, shorten curing time, reduce fuel consumption, save labor power and reduce curing cost
摘要普通烤房安裝「烤煙自動控溫強制排濕裝置」后，與自然通風氣流上升式烤房相比，烤后的煙葉在上等煙率、均價、收益等方面都有明顯提高，級外煙明顯減少，此外，還能降低勞動強度，縮短烘烤時間，減少燃料消耗，節約勞動力，降低烘烤成本。A list of species with synonym and distributions in part 1 includes 1 new record, 1 new synonym and the following 6 new species : anatkina. biharpa a. sinuosa, a. trifurcata, atkinsoniella platoangula, bothrogonia unicolor, b. vietnamana. keys to generic and specific taxa and illustrations of key characters are also included in this part. part 2 inclusively relegates and analyses general distributions of the chinese cicadellinae in the 6 world zoogeographic areas and 7 chinese zoogeographic regions
分類部分共記述大葉蟬亞科23個屆189個種，其中包括5新種、 1中國新記錄種、 1新同物異名種以及1越南分佈新種，中國大葉蟬亞科共計23屬， 188種；編制及修改了各屬級，種級檢索表，對屬級特徵加以描述及各屬在全世界分佈種數和中國分佈種數進行統計；繪制了包括越南分佈新種在內6新種及1中國新記錄種的雄性外生殖器圖及部分成蟲外形圖。To meet the needs for wider surge margin of the turbofan engine, a new model was developed to predict the characteristics of the fan / high pressure compressor and turbine in this thesis. several ways, including, variable inlet guide vanes of the fan, variable guide vanes of the high pressure compressor, the variable inlet area ratio of the mixer and the nozzle areas, were presented to enlarge the surge margin of the turbofan engine. meanwhile, a method of combined variable geometries for optimizing controls of inlet guide vanes of the fan, guide vanes and the first two stators of high pressure compressor, area ratio of mixer and noz zle areas was established
為了滿足下一代作戰飛機對推進系統的性能和穩定性要求，本文建立了壓縮系統特性和渦輪特性的新模型，並分別採用改變渦扇發動機風扇進口導流葉片、壓氣機導流葉片和前兩級靜葉片、混合室進口處內、外涵面積比和尾噴管面積，研究了其對發動機性能和穩定性的影響，進而得出了渦扇發動機變幾何擴穩的方法，為發動機變幾何擴穩研究打下理論基礎。Meanwhile, dozens of elderlies made use of the opportunity to learn about tips on anti - deception from ms peggy yip, woman senior police inspector from the crime prevention bureau
此外，數十名長者亦應邀出席活動，聽取警方防止罪案科女高級督察葉靜嫻講解防騙錦囊。( 2 ) the morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis of 16 species were studied. the results show that the morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis have not obvious differences among sections except sect. amana, but there are some differences between species, and indicate that the morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis have some value for the interspecific classification
（ 2 ）對國產4組16種鬱金香植物葉上下表皮的形態學觀察，發現葉表皮形態在種間均存在一定程度的差異，但在組間，除了有苞組的4個種與其它種類有明顯差異外，其餘3組間沒有明顯的差異，表明鬱金香屬植物的葉表皮特徵在種級水平上具有一定的分類學意義，可以作為種的劃分及種間親緣關系探討的參考指標之一。Wth the target of measuring the external quality of tobacco leaf the color feature of tobacco leaf is detected, the correlativity of three paraxneters of rgb analyzed, a ng model based on color feature is builded up
煙葉自動分級系統以煙葉外觀質量檢測為目的，對煙葉的顏色特徵進行檢測，分析顏色rgb三分量之間的相關關系，確定以顏色特徵為依據的分級模型。Nowdays, the extemal quality of tobacco leaf is measured by senses throughout the worid. although study on automatic grading of tobacco leaf is carrying out, there is no matue product. so it is essental for me to do further research in this field
目前國內外煙葉外觀品質都是憑感官定性評定，對煙葉自動分級的研究在進行中，至今沒有成熟的產品，對該領域做進一步的深入探討是有必要的。However, since 1995, the tea industry has slowly increased, the increasing rate of the tea output value has declined, the tea export has slid greatly for the consecutive five years and the tea industry production has fluctuated without advancement
但是，自1995年以來，茶葉產量增長緩慢，茶葉產值增速下滑，茶葉外貿出口連續五年大幅度滑坡，茶葉生產徘徊不前。各級黨委、政府對此給予極大的關注。分享友人