絕對平等 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [juéduìpíngděng]
絕對平等 英文
absolute equality
  • 絕 : Ⅰ動詞（斷絕） cut off; sever Ⅱ形容詞1 （完全沒有了; 窮盡; 凈盡） exhausted; used up; finished 2 ...
  • 對 : Ⅰ動詞1 （回答） answer; reply 2 （對待; 對付） treat; cope with; counter 3 （朝; 向; 面對） be tr...
  • 平 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （沒有高低凹凸 不頃斜） flat; level; even; smooth 2 （高度相同; 不相上下） on the same l...
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 絕對 : absolute
  1. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  2. Specially, based on risk - metric and factor variables, the author discusses multi - factor asset pricing model. in theoretical analysis, the author attempts to release the assumption of index ' s random walk, proves a portfolio selection model suitable for the linear index level moreover, based on assets un - exchangeable, the author brings forward asset pricing models for b - shares, h - shares and non - circulated - shares. the author also brings forward multi - factor asset pricing model based on risk - metric indices, such as coefficient of beta, standard variance, standard semi - variance, average absolute deviation, value at risk, and factor variables, such as circulated market equity, exchange ratio, short - term historical return

    在理論分析時，作者嘗試放鬆指數水平滿足隨機遊走過程的假設，推導出指數水平呈線性趨勢的資產組合選擇模型；此外，作者基於資產不可交易這一假設，提出了b股、 h股和非流通股等情形的資產定價模型，並基於系數、標準差、標準半方差、平均絕對離差和風險價值等風險度量指標以及流通市值、換手率、短期歷史收益率等因素變量提出了四因素資產定價模型。
  3. The people of our various nationalities enjoy the absolute equality before the law

    我國各族人民在法律面前享有絕對的平等。
  4. China has joined international conventions such as the international convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination, international convention on the suppression and punishment of the crime of apartheid, and convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide, and has conscientiously performed the duties prescribed in these conventions and made unremitting efforts together with the international community to realize ethnic equality and oppose racial segregation and ethnic oppression and discrimination in all countries of the world

    中國加入了《消除一切形式種族歧視國際公約》 、 《禁止並懲治種族隔離罪行國際公約》 、 《防止和懲治滅絕種族罪行公約》等國際公約，並認真履行國際公約的義務，同國際社會一起，為在世界各國實行民族平等，反對種族隔離、民族壓迫和民族歧視進行不懈的努力。
  5. China has entered wto, that means the customs duties as well as the non - tariff barrier must be eliminated, and this causes " the major industry " or " the extra large type of enterprise " in domestic in the absolute superiority originally turned into relatively " the small and medium - sized enterprises " ; and challenge and competition caused by multinational corporations is in our own country ; because enterprise ' s technical level and idea of management in our country is backward relatively, the difference of strength phase is disparate with the multinational corporation in the competitive process, therefore, strategy management to small and medium - sized enterprise ' s research and implementation is on watershed in our country

    中國「入世」后，意味著那些關稅以及非關稅壁壘必須消除，大量的跨國公司則趁機大舉進入中國，搶灘后利用其資金、技術、管理、人力等優勢迅速瓜分市場，這就使得原先在國內處于絕對優勢的「大型企業」或「特大型企業」變成了相對的「中小型企業」 ，並在家門口直接遭遇跨國公司短兵相接的挑戰和競爭;由於我國企業的技術水平和管理理念與那些跨國公司相比，相對比較落後，在與跨國公司的競爭過程中實力相差懸殊，所以對我國中小企業戰略管理的研究和實施就顯得更加意義重大。
  6. From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered

    第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。
  7. This paper began from the definition gender and analyzed the traditional concepts of equality and tried to explain that the former what - is - called equality wrong point of view which wanted to efface the existing difference between man and woman and wanted to get the absolute equality. with the help of some postmodern terms and views, the writer tries to descontruct the traditional mode of equality and tries to take advantage of the individual characters of man ' s and woman ' s to make them can enjoy differential equality on the basis of admitting the i nfluence of gender on man and woman. the writer also suggests that the party that take more duties or lossed because of the differential equality should be compensated by the government through the laws, policies and economic approaches

    然而，現實生活中，女性得到的平等權仍是形式上的平等，離真正的男女平等還相差甚遠，造成此現象的原因是多方面的，本文僅從「社會性別」這一概念入手，通過對傳統平等觀的剖析，說明以往的平等權是一種企圖抹殺客觀存在的男女性別差異和社會性別的影響，要求男女絕對一樣的平等的錯誤觀點，筆者藉助后現代主義的部分觀點試圖解構這種傳統固定的平等模式，以期在承認社會性別對男女影響的基礎上，發揮、利用男性與女性各自的優點和特點，對其實行有差別的平等，對由於實行「有差別」的平等給女性（或男性）造成的損失或對多承擔義務的一方，國家從法律、政策、經濟等多方面對受損害者和多承擔義務者給予救濟，以此達到女性平等權的真正實現。
  8. Historically speaking, and seen from a more empirically minded perspective, it is not inconceivable that certain extreme hate speech would seriously violate others ' basic rights

    德沃金的論證足以說明：倘若我們認為平等尊重是至關緊要的政治道德，則在絕大多數情況下，政府不應對仇恨言論進行管制。
  9. As an enlightened buddha, setraps apparent fury is never directed against any beings. utterly opposed to attachment, setrap acts with objectless equanimity towards all beings

    金甲衣護法是徹底證悟的佛?的忿怒相絕非針對某位眾生而是平等慈悲地對待一切有情眾生。
  10. For most of the species ' s existence, humans lived in small foraging bands that had little material surplus and therefore enjoyed a relatively egalitarian existence

    相對于絕大多數物種的存在方式而言，人類生活在一個很小的狹長地帶，那裡幾乎沒有剩餘食物，因此可以以相對平等的方式生存。
  11. This goal actually is what marx and engels had called " classless society ", a goal which, since stalin s coming to power, has no longer been the aim of any government in the eastern bloc ; it is a programme of general wealth and well - being for all and by no means one of grey and dull ascetic leveling. )

    （這就是馬克斯、恩格斯所說的「無階級社會」 ，而自斯大林當政后在任一個東歐團成員國都不再成為的政府目標；它涉及到財富及福利的各個方面，也絕不是灰暗發霉的、禁慾主義的絕對平等。 ）詳細內容還有看有關的論述。
  12. In this thesis, abundant statistical data are contained, two methods are employed to give a positive analysis on the elasticity of demand ( eod ) of i & e in china during the period from 1990 to 2001 from the following three aspects : firstly, regression analysis is applied to calculate the average eod of the general i & e. generally speaking, the export is rich in price eod while the import has a poor one. in addition, the absolute value of the sum of these two kinds of elasticity is higher than 1, which accords with marshall - lener condition and proves that devaluation of rmb should be helpful to improve the trade balance. suggestion is further provided such as cutting off producing cost of export, improving technology and implementing strategy of import substitution to improve trade balance

    本文運用豐富的統計數據資料、兩種方法、從三個層次實證分析了1990 - 2001年我國進出口商品的需求彈性：首先，運用回歸分析法計算總體進出口商品的平均彈性，得出我國出口商品總體富有價格彈性，而進口商品總體缺乏價格彈性，進出口需求價格彈性之和的絕對值大於1 ，符合馬歇爾?勒納條件，人民幣貶值有助於改善貿易收支的結論，並提出降低出口商品生產成本、提高生產技術水平、實施進口替代戰略來改善貿易收支；其次，運用彈性定義法逐年計算約100種主要出口商品和約50種主要進口商品的總體需求價格彈性，對其結果進行分析，進一步驗證了前述結論；再次，運用彈性定義法逐年計算農產品、鋼鐵、汽車、醫藥等五大類八種商品的進出口需求價格彈性，根據其不同的分佈狀況，聯系實際經濟情況，提出相應的匯率、價格及產業政策以改善貿易收支。
  13. Absolute amounts of soil erosion is not large for the falling gradient in black soil region, but the nutrient is high in erosion soil, the nutrient of erosion soil and runoff is high, which leads to soil fertility degeneration, while n and p nutrient pour into water with surface runoff, it leads to water nutrient enrichment and pollution, and becomes one of confined factors of water nutrient enrichment

    吉林農業大學碩士學位論文黑土地表徑流氮磷養分特徵及其與肥力退化的關系由於黑土耕作區坡度平緩，土壤侵蝕的絕對量並不很大，但由於土壤中攜帶的養分高，養分流失的較多，流失的養分將引起肥力的退化，而且氮磷等養分隨地表徑流流出匯入各種水體，引起水體富營養化和污染，成為水體富營養化的限制因子。
  14. In contemporary china, the punitive concept of retribution and absolute equality is very popular. under the condition of market economy, resaonable punitive culture should be brought about

    當代中國，報應、絕對平等的刑罰觀念相當盛行；在市場經濟條件下應當形成理性的刑罰文化。
  15. The latter is to show punish - ment is reflection of the mainstream of culture in a society limiting and suppressing counterculture. with the different ways of limiting and suppressing counterculture, different punitive cultures such as retribution, obsolute equality, educadtion, prevention come into being

    後者是說，刑罰是社會主流文化對反主流文化限制和取締的表現，由於限制與取締方式的不同，形成了報應、絕對平等、教育、預防等刑罰文化。
  16. As one kind of company ’ s laws, the purpose of establishing and running effectively the exceptional exclusion system of the voting rights of corporation lies in to be to controlling shareholder, related shareholder and related director from betraying company voting rights exercising rule improper act in the essence carry on the structure with appropriate system design, in order to correct unbalanced shareholder ’ s interests relationship, realize company voting rights definitely equal to essence equal transformation from a formal one really, and by this with activating the system of the general shareholders meetings and the board of directors, making resolutions of the general shareholders meetings or the board of directors possess legal, just, reasonable and effective foundation of voting rights

    作為一種公司法律制度，公司表決權例外排除制度的創建與有效運行，其目的在於以妥當的制度設計對控股股東、關聯股東、關聯董事離叛公司表決權行使規則之內在實質的不當行為進行規制，以矯正失衡的股東利益關系，真正實現公司表決權從形式上的絕對平等向實質上的近乎平等轉化，並藉此以激活股東（大）會制度和董事會制度，使股東（大）會、董事會決議具備合法、公正、合理以及有效的表決權基礎。
  17. The second part pointed that the traditional understanding of right would lead to the misunderstanding that only the absolute equality is the real equality. the writer made a jurispudential research on the misunderstanding of absolute equality and then pointed that there are physiological differnces and social defferences between man and woman. this paper also said that we should construct a new equality idea which has two parts

    第二部分指出對權利進行傳統的理解易走入「男女絕對一樣才是平等」的誤區，筆者從法理學入手，論述進入「絕對平等」誤區的原因，指出傳統平等觀在進入既有生理差別，又有社會性別差異的男女平等的問題時，是不適宜的。
  18. The national question in yugoslavia became acute during the period of sfry, the reason was that on the way of the reform of yugoslavia autonoraic socialism, federalism decentralized excessively, emphasized absolute equality of the nations, and this " confederalization " misplay of institutional leaded the national question in yugoslavia to coming out again

    南斯拉夫聯邦時期民族問題從緩解到激化的消長歷程，其緣由並非在於南共對聯邦制這一國家結構的選擇，而是南斯拉夫在自治社會主義制度探索和改革中，其聯邦制發生了過度分權、強調民族絕對平等的「邦聯化」畸變，這種制度變遷上的失誤才是南斯拉夫民族問題重浮水面的主要原委。
  19. The history about the relation between the controling shareholder and the minority shareholder. this part gives a detailed investigation, then points out that let the controling shareholders owe the fiduciary duty to the minority shareholders and their corporations are the reasonable result of the company theories " development. we should introduce it into our country

    從「絕對平等」 、 「少數服從多數」到「資本多數決原則的例外」 、 「股東派生訴訟」再到「信義關系理論」的確立，本文系統研究了控制股東與弱勢股東關系的歷史變遷，指出確立控制股東對弱勢股東負有誠信義務是公司法理論發展的必然，我國理應借鑒。
  20. The business scope are all types of raw materials for light textile industry, chemical dyestuff, and accessories for textile machines. it is matched in the market with services like finance, post telecommunication, storage transportation and security care. as a open market, the orgnization and the relative dep of the government offer favorite services and policy, with a complete security system for a better business enviroment and economy development

    整個市場將實施全面的智能化管理系統，將可視對講機系統無線防盜報警系統周界防越安全系統三表遠傳計量系統園區監控系統停車場管理系統鑰匙管理系統物業綜合信息管理系統等有機結合起來，打造一個高度智能良好服務絕對平安的現代化紡織專業市場。
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