締合效應 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [dìgěxiàoyīng]
締合效應 英文
association effect
  • 締 : formconclude
  • 合 : 合量詞（容量單位） ge, a unit of dry measure for grain （=1 decilitre）
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 效應 : [物理學] effect; action; influence
  1. For the treaty about the responsibility ' s quality, have four kind doctrine, is a deflect to say respectively, and the act of law say, and the direct provision of law say that say with honest repute, and the writer more incline toward the honest repute to say, quanta this is the treaty about negligence responsibility this a special stage solicit of, the parties steer the activity relating to civil law the hour to must have the heart of bona fides the status, other doctrine all some lead long strong, treaty about of occasion, traditional standpoint it is an acknowledge concordat that negligence responsibility establish does not establish, void or reversed occasion

    對于締約責任的性質，有四種學說，分別是侵權行為說，法律行為說，法律直接規定說和誠實信用說，筆者更傾向于誠實信用說，因為這是締約過失責任這一特殊階段要求的，當事人進行民事活動時必須具備誠實善良的內心狀態，其他學說都有些牽強。對于締約過失責任成立的場合，傳統的觀點是只承認合同不成立、無效或被撤銷的場合。筆者認為也應包括合同成立的場合，因為他同時也侵犯了非違約方的固有利益，雖然這部分利益不佔重點，但我們不能否認她們的存在，比如標的物有瑕疵，締約人違反保證等。
  2. The party concerned, who disobeys precontractual obligations on purpose or by mistake before the contract goes into effect and results in the failure, effectiveness, change and cancellation of the contract, will take liability for culpa in contrahendo

    摘要在合同生效之前，當事人因故意或過失違反先合同義務，導致合同不成立、合同無效或被變更、撤銷的，均應承擔締約過失責任。
  3. B. pre - contract duties, based on the principle of honesty and credit, are effective after the offering comes into effect and before the contract is put into use

    先合同義務是基於誠實信用原則而產生的，在要約生效后，合同生效前，締約雙方因締結合同而依法應承擔的一種合同附隨義務。
  4. So called previous contract obligation refers to a kind of obligation that is attached to contract which both sides of concluding a treaty should bear the duties according to law and keep one ' s word mutually before the contract takes effect 2 ) people concluding a treaty have got losses, losses in concluding a treaty is the lose of trust interests

    所謂先合同義務是指合同生效前，締約雙方因締結合同而依法應承擔的彼此應遵守信用的一種合同附隨義務。 （ 2 ）締約人受有損失。締約上損失是信賴利益損失。
  5. An operator may not adopt the following means to infringe business secrets : obtaining business secrets from the owners of rights by stealing, promising of gain, resorting to coercion or other improper means ; disclosing, using, or allowing others to use business secrets of the owners of rights obtained by the means mentioned in the preceding item

    L締約各方應規定適當和有效的法律補救辦法，制止任何人明知或就民事補救而言有合理根據知道其行為會誘使促成便利或包庇對本條約或伯爾尼公約所涵蓋的任何權利的侵犯而故意從事以下行為：
  6. Mistakes contains deliberation and negligence, it should take place in the course concluding a treaty, that is to say, from the beginning of concluding a treaty major items take effect to the time when the contract take effect 4 ) there is the legal causality between fault and damages

    締約過失上的過錯包括故意和過失二方面，發生時間應在締約過程中，即締約開始（要約生效）至合同有效成立止。 （ 4 ）過錯與損失之間有法律上的因果關系。
  7. The author holds that, bona fides mechanism in chinese contract law should be guided by multiplex standards including the standard of evident unfairness ( unconscionable conduct ), cooperative transaction ( fair dealing, reasonable expectation ) and the fiduciary relationship. it should be a smooth and efficient mechanism based on the rules of pre - contract obligation to negotiate, secondary obligations, the doctrine of change of circumstances and the rules of remedy for breach of contract in good faith, as well as innovative method of case law

    作者認為，中國合同法上的誠信機制應該是在「顯失公平標準、合作交易標準和被信任者標準」這一復合誠信標準的指導下，以誠信締約義務制度、誠信附隨義務制度、情勢變更制度、誠信救濟制度等誠信制度為依託，並與判例機制等創新機制相結合而形成的一個通達而高效的機制。
  8. It was first posed by yelin, a famous german jurist in 1861 when he published an article, " fault in concluding a treaty : the compensatory responsibility of invalid contract and untenable contract " in the fourth issue of " annals of yelin ' s science of law, " whose chief editor was himself. in this article he systematically and deeply analyzed t he theory of responsibility for fault in concluding a treaty. he thought that under the condition that the contract is invalid or untenable, we should resolve issues according to contract law

    締約過失責任理論起源於羅馬法的誠信訴訟和誠信契約，最早由德國著名法學家耶林於1861年在其主編的《耶林法學年報》第4期上發表的《締約上過失：契約無效與不成立之賠償責任》一文中對締約過失責任作了系統而深入的分析，認為在契約無效或不成立情況下，應依合同法來解決，從而推翻了實證法學的無契約即無責任立論，被譽為「法學上的發現」 。
  9. The responsibility of the insured : insurance fee is not a requiring element for the tenability of a contract but only a responsibility. according to the law of contract each of the two parts of a contract should carry out the items properly with his / her credibility. the power of a contract will not be affected even the fee is failed to be paid, and the insurance company should be responsible for what is stated in

    最後結合保險合同的成立與生效的問題對現行保險法提出了修改建議，包括明確規定保險合同為要式合同還是非要式合同、保險人應具有承諾義務、規定保險合同的生效問題、用要約人和承諾人的說法替代投保人和保險人的說法以及明確建立保險合同締約過失責任制度。
  10. Build partnership with those who have good job reference, high reputation and capability, and provide quality products as strategic confederates. it management should be established. it shall be used to process the information from the sources outside the procurement and supply departs so as to obtain and transmit out the information from the sources beyond the procurement department, resulting in high efficiency and good effectiveness in procurement

    實施戰略采購應該做幾個方面的工作是：實施供應商管理，進行供應商評審，對現有供應商進行績效考評；企業還要根據對供應商業績審核，優選出一批信譽好、生產能力強、產品質量高、戰略思想和企業相似的供應商，和它們締結戰略同盟，結成戰略夥伴關系；建立適合企業運作的信息系統，以處理來自於采購與供應職能部門以外的信息流入，產生為采購部門以外的其他職能部門和機構所需的信息流出，進而提高采購工作的效率和效果。
  11. 6 for the purpose of this article, ratifications, acceptances, approvals and accessions in respect of this convention by states parties to the 1964 hague formation convention or to the 1964 hague sales convention shall not be effective until such denunciations as may be required on the part of those states in respect of the latter two conventions have themselves become effective

    為本條的目的，年海牙訂立合同公約或年海牙貨物銷售公約的締約國的批準接受核準或加入本公約，應在這些國家按照規定退出該兩公約生效後方始生效。
  12. C a federal state party to this convention shall, at the request of any other contracting state transmitted through the secretary - general of the united nations, supply a statement of the law and practice of the federation and its constituent units in regard to any particular provision of this convention, showing the extent to which effect has been given to that provision by legislative or other action

    三本公約的聯邦國家締約國，根據任何其他締約國通過聯合國秘書長而提出的請求，應當提供關于該聯邦及其構成單位有關本公約任何具體規定的法律和習慣，以表明已經在什麼范圍內採取立法或其他行動使該項規定生效。
  13. And this type of liability should character in the course of entering a contract, one party breaching the obligation with subjective fault, making the other party losses and the function of compensation. on the issues of liability basis, by criticizing tort doctrine, legal behavior doctrine, and regulatory doctrine, points out that the theoretical basis of the liability id good faith. the material foundation is subject to the liability basis, and the liability not only in the circumstances of contract coming into existence, be announced invalid and be cancelled, but possibly exists on occasion that contract is valid

    首先，文章指出締約過失責任的概念應包涵產生時間、主觀狀態、先合同義務的違反及損害的產生四個關鍵因素，具有產生於締約過程中、一方因主觀過錯違反先合同義務、給對方造成損害以及彌補功能等特徵；在責任基礎的問題上，通過對侵權行為說、法律行為說、法律規定說等反對觀點的批駁，指出締約過失責任的理論基礎是誠實信用原則，其賴以產生的事實基礎除了致合同不成立之締約過失、合同被確認無效或被撤銷之締約過失外，提出了合同有效情況下締約過失存在的可能性。
  14. The author points out that its constitutive requirements include the act of one party who breaches the pre - contract obligations, subjective fault of the party who breaches the pre - contract obligations, damages suffered by the aggrieved party, and the causation relation between the act in violation of the pre - contract obligations and the harmful consequence. the article further expounds the scope of application of the contracting fault liability, which includes the non - formation of the contract, invalidity of the contract, cancellation of the contract, the contract being formed but not coming into effect, the scope of compensation for the contracting fault liability should be confined to trust interest losses

    同時分析了締約過失責任的法理基礎? ?誠實信用原則，並指出其構成要件應為：締約一方有違反先合同義務的行為，違反先合同義務方主觀上有過錯，對方受到損害，違反先合同義務行為與損害結果有因果關系；接著進一步詳細論述了締約過失責任適用的范圍：合同不成立、合同無效、合同被撤銷、合同已成立但未生效；然後明確了締約過失賠償范圍是信賴利益損失。
  15. Only of one party of the treaty goes against the pre - contract duties and cause damages to the other party, the former should under take contract have come into effect or not. e

    只要締約過程中締約一方有違背先合同義務的行為並給對方造成損失時，就應承擔締約過失責任，而不論合同是否成立、生效； e
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