縱向的經度的 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zōngxiàngdejīngdùde]
縱向的經度的 英文
longitude
  • 縱 : Ⅰ動詞1 （釋放; 放走） release; set free; let go 2 （放任; 不約束） indulge; give oneself up to; l...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 縱向 : [造紙] direction; machine direction; endwise; longitudinal direction; vertical; longitudinal縱向...
  1. The fatigue behavior of strength, stiffness, and deformation of concrete is analysed systematically. the fatigue equation is established. the empirical expressions of the total longitudinal strain and the elastic modulus are given, and the relationships between the increasing rate of the total second - stage strain and the decreasing rate of the elastic modulus with the cyclic number are obtained

    系統地分析了砼抗拉、拉-壓疲勞強度、剛度、變形規律；建立了相應的s - n關系，提出了縱向總應變、彈性模量的經驗公式，及其第二階段總應變增長率、彈性模量衰減率分別與疲勞壽命的關系式。
  2. According to the principle of the interaction between the beam and the cwr ( continuously welded rails ) that the longitudinal forces of cwr on railway bridges are passed on to the piers by the span structures of the bridge, the intensity of piers is checked up by calculating and the safety reservation is analyzed so that the design of the cwr on railway bridges is optimized and is safer and more economic

    摘要根據梁、軌相互作用原理（橋上無縫線路的縱向力通過橋跨結構傳遞到橋梁的墩臺上， ）檢算橋墩的強度，進行安全儲備量分析，進而優化新建橋上無縫線路設計，使設計既安全又經濟。
  3. The contents include : based on the previous research and the data of experimentations, the author researches and develops a kind of satisfactory semi - empirical formula of nonlinear temperature distribution, and calculates the temperature stress of rigid - framed arch bridge by the fem. the temperature effects of bridge structure by annual and sunlight temperature difference are discussed, it indicates that the temperature effect of annual temperature difference is small but the temperature effect of sunlight temperature difference is great and the temperature stress along beam depth resulted from sunlight temperature difference is nonlinear. with the comparison between the temperature effects of different position of bridge, the results show that where the section of bridge is small, the temperature stress of it is large

    本文主要包括以下內容：從理論上研究並結合實測資料發展了一種比較理想的半經驗溫度場非線性分佈公式，並將有限元方法應用於剛架拱橋結構溫度應力的計算中，對橋梁結構進行整體溫度應力分析；討論了年溫差和日照溫差引起的橋梁結構的溫度效應，表明年溫差引起的溫度效應較小，而日照溫差引起的溫度應力較大且沿梁高呈非線性分佈；分析比較了橋梁結構各個部位的溫度效應的大小，可知截面越小溫度拉應力越大，受力越不利；並對箱梁結構由於構造不同引起的縱向與橫向的溫度效應大小進行了探討，發現在頂板下緣也會出現相當大的溫度拉應力，並且梗腋的存在反而增加了頂板底部的溫度拉應力；還對幾種相近的剛構式橋型的溫度效應進行了分析對比，總結了這些橋型針對溫度效應的優劣，並提出相應的針對性措施。
  4. History circumstances and theory background of our state - owned enterprise reformation in the stage 1 are described in the first part of the article, it also commented on the important theory argument, and the inquirement of theory circle of this particular period chiefly centered on problems such as the relation between plan and market as well as the quality of enterprise etc. the reformation measure of the state - owned enterprise reforms in the stage 2 is looked back in the second part of this article, and our country state - owned enterprise reforms had transferred form simply endowing enterprise with benefit to many kinds of experimental units existing side by side such as the contract system, the job responsibility system of capital and property management and the share system etc. according to the content of economics circle argument, i divided this stage to

    根據經濟學界爭論的內容，我將這一階段劃分為兩個時期，前一時期（ 1985年? ? 1988年）理論界主要就企業股問題、股份制問題、資產經營承包責任制問題、國有資產的經營管理問題展開討論;后一時期（ 1989年? ? 1997年）討論的焦點有「科斯定理」與我國國有企業改革的關系，產權理論和重塑我國產權制度。文章第三部分描述了1997年以來國有企業改革的情況，在十五大精神指引下，我國國有企業改革繼續向縱深方向發展。這一階段理論界爭論的焦點有「現代企業制度」問題，國有經濟戰略調整問題以及對現實中出現的各種「經理行為」的解析。
  5. Drawing on the experience of other jurisdictions, she addresses a wide range of enforcement issues, including how to tackle cartels, abuses of dominance, vertical agreements, joint ventures and mergers, the need for a leniency regime and criminal sanctions, and the importance of an independent enforcement agency and the economic expertise of enforcement officials

    她會參照世界各地不同司法地區的經驗，從而討論廣泛的執行問題，包括如何打擊同業聯盟濫用市場支配力量縱向協議企業合併和收購是否需要一套寬松的制度或刑事制裁方法，以及設立一個獨立的執法機構和讓執法人員熟悉經濟運作的重要性。
  6. There are four parts excluding the preface : part i analyzing the three stages of the institution evolution of issuing market, we can get some conclusions : first, the formation of the issuing institution be influenced by some history events, the developing direction of the issuing institution has been decided by some history conditions ; second, although the issuing market has been controlled strictly by our government, it has its own trend to be more unrestrained ; third, itffiuseful to make a foresight study on the long - term development on the issuing market. part ii introducing the abroad issuing institutions which include u. s. a, england, germany and h. k. we can know the reforming directions

    本文除前言之外，共分四個部分：第一部分縱向考察了我國股票發行制度演變的三個階段，通過對三個發展時期改革探索的分析，筆者認為： （ 1 ）我國股票發行制度演變初期明顯受到具體實踐與歷史條件的影響，特定的歷史條件決定了我國股票發行市場初期的制度選擇； （ 2 ）發行市場制度演化雖然受到了政府的引導和控制，但仍表現出不可逆轉的市場化趨勢； （ 3 ）目前股票發行市場制度建設已經由初期的單一子制度探索過渡到了全面制度建設時期，這時深入的、前瞻性的研究對我國股票市場制度建設意義重大。
  7. This thesis will explore the problem in developed countries vertically and the problem in developing countries and china horizontally. in the paper the basic principles of development economics and institutional economics will be employed comprehensively

    本文綜合運用發展經濟學、制度經濟學的一般原理，既從縱向上研究發達國家的貧困問題，同時也從橫向比較上研究發展中國家以及中國的貧困問題。
  8. For the case of the north china power grid ( as follower omitted " ncpg " ), discusses these focus question as " ncpg fund dispatching ", " ncpg e - bank ", provides conflict settlement to fund budget and center control by new financial method, computer and internet high - tech skill. the thesis suggests do fund control in all directions, link invest - collect flow with financial fund management together, all fund affairs relatively included in " ncpg fund dispatching ". as a goal, thesis hopes to make fund flow, mass flow and information flow as a line, control fund real time, and realize the enterprise resource planning

    文章針對電網的特徵和區域電力公司財務管理體制特點，對電網經營企業的投資管理和籌資管理作了較為詳細的回顧和分析，並結合當前資金管理中的「現金調度」 、 「網上銀行」等熱點話題，以華北電力集團公司為例進行了案例分析，對電網經營企業強化現金調度管理，積極穩妥地開展「網上銀行」業務，提出了思路和建議，初步解決了實際工作中電網經營企業資金集中管理的矛盾；同時，還大力倡導以金融手段創新推動和促進企業資金管理創新，提出了運用計算機、網路等高科技手段，開展資金管理的橫向和縱向調度，把投資、籌資等與資金管理相關的業務環節，納入到資金的綜合調度中來，逐步達到資金流、物流、信息流三流合一，實現資金的實時管理，從而使企業內部資源共享，實現企業資源優化。
  9. This new erection procedure is compared with the conventional way from the reasonability, convenience and economic aspects. the results obtained from the calculating data state that cantilevering the main girder without tensioning the longitudinal pre - stressed reinforcements is a better way for establishing the cable - stayed bridge

    本文把這種方法與傳統方法在受力合理性、施工方便程度和經濟性方面做了比較分析，並結合整體靜力計算說明懸臂澆築斜拉橋主梁時不張拉縱向預應力筋這一方法的可取之處。
  10. The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level

    文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。
  11. Based on the principles of palaeobiology, stratigraphic geology, sedimentology, diagenesis and reservoir geology, taken field profile and drilling cores as research object, and combined with achievement of predecessors, the sedimentary facies, diagenesis essential characteristics of reservoir and controlling factors for reservoir of feixianguang formation in northwest sichuan have been comprehensively studied. both classic and mordern methods have been used in this research. the main confents includes : stratigraphic classification and correlation of feixianguan formation in lower triassic, the rock fexture characteristics, type and forming conditions of rock ; determining dirtributary law of the sedimentary facies in vertical and horizontal direction and distribution in plane and the essetial contronling factors through correlation of sedimentary facies transverse profile and regionnal geologic characteristics ; establishing plane stereoscopic modle of sedimentary of oolitics beach by studying diagenesis

    主要內容包括：對川西北地區下三疊統飛仙關組地層進行了劃分與對比，研究了飛仙關組地層的巖石結構組分特徵、類型和形成條件；通過沉積相橫向剖面的對比，並結合區域地質特徵，深入研究了沉積相在縱、橫向上的變化規律，確定了沉積相在平面上的分佈及主要控制因素，分析了沉積相的縱向演化過程和建立了沉積相的平面立體模式；詳細研究了該套地層所經歷的成巖作用類型、特徵及對儲集空間的影響，建立了鮞粒灘相儲層的形成與演化模式；最後，從沉積相、成巖作用的角度，分析了區內飛仙關組地層的生油潛力、儲層的分佈規律和發育區塊。
  12. Based on the above, this paper analyzes water resource present situation through lateral comparison and longitudinal study of water resource ownership and water right and their relationship in every country and orientates water right to new usage and benefit right in civil law. the paper analyzes legislative conception and value pursue of water right system in many ways, boldly leads economy methodology into water right system, successfully mixed environmental ecology with environmental ethics theory, critically refers to som e domestic and international advanced conception of water right system. the paper initially probes into water resource market pattern, water right trading rule, types, contents and getting methods of water right to reconstruct domestic water right system

    本文就是基於此，分析水資源現狀，通過橫向比較與縱向研究水資源所有權與水權在各國發展的情況及二者的關系，將水權定位為民法上的新型用益物權，多方面分析水權制度立法理念與價值追求，大膽地引入經濟學方法論，成功地融合了環境生態與環境倫理理論，批判地借鑒了國內外的一些關於水權制度的先進理念，初步地探討了我國的水資源市場的模式和水權貿易規則，及水權的種類、內容和取得方式，達到重塑我國水權制度的目的。
  13. By the analysis, it was found out that the key control factor determined the speed limit and storage energy was the poor transverse tension strength of the composites. therefore, if only fibers of high longitudinal tension strengths were used in the rim, high rotate speed and high energy storage density of flywheel rotor would not be achieved

    經過理論推導及程序優化比較，發現，影響飛輪轉子極限轉速和儲能量的主要控制因素，恰好是其復合材料輪環較為薄弱的橫向拉伸強度，因此單純地通過採用高縱向拉伸強度的高強碳纖材料來製造飛輪轉子，並不能得到期望的高轉速和儲能密度。
  14. The chapter 2 presents the object of vertical chain how to choose the theory of vertical organization reasonably on the base of judging agent efficiency, technology efficiency, proprietary right and imperfect marketing in the new system economics. at the same time, the theories on the structure of marketing and g. j. stigler ' s theory of survivor technique is also introduced detailed in theory of industry organization

    第二章，介紹新制度經濟學中有關產業縱向鏈的上下游主體在權衡代理效率、技術效率、資產所有權及市場不完善等因素的基礎上如何理性選擇縱向關系的各種理論假設；同時對產業組織理論中的有關市場結構與企業行為及施蒂格勒的「生存技術」等理論也作了較詳細的介紹。
  15. In the first part, we established a linear regression model, which has the three accounting hypothesis, security market supervision policy, industry factors, etc as its independent variables, chooses the 631 listed companies in the shanghai a share market in 2001, as its target. spss is applied to the descriptive analysis and regression analysis. finally, we give the explanation with the combination of internal political and economic environment in the second part, we choose the " st " company as the sample and make tendency and comparison analysis of the sample companies while implementing the policies on impairment of assents within 5 years

    在實證研究部分，我們選取橫向和縱向兩個截面對上市公司選擇執行資產減值政策的影響因素進行分析，在橫向分析部分，首先建立了回歸模型，該模型將契約論的三大會計假設、證券市場監管政策、行業因素等作為自變量，選取《企業會計制度》開始執行的2001年度滬市a股符合樣本條件的631家上市公司作為研究對象，然後運用spss進行描述性分析和回歸分析，最後結合我國特殊的政治和經濟環境作出解釋。
  16. Beginning with an introduction of the establishment and development of chinese futures brokerage firms, the dissertation examines the status, function and existing problems of futures brokerage firms in chinese market economy, analyzes and assesses chinese futures brokerage firms " evolution and institutional changes of regulatory system

    本文從中國期貨公司的產生和發展開始，對期貨公司在中國市場經濟中的地位和作用以及存在的問題進行分析，縱向分析和評價了中國期貨公司監管制度的歷史沿革和制度變遷。
  17. The thesis breaks through the limitation of the conception of the productivity on researching the social economy state of marxism, demonstrates that marx ' s conception of research the social economy with the aspect of the method of productivity, and proclaim the materialism and the practices in the theoiy ; and the thesis breaks through the monospecific research of the historical formation on the connotation of the theory of social economy state of marxism ; and the thesis managed to study the marxism with integrated analysis on the historical view and the constitute of the theoiy, and also shows that the marxism is scientific and completed ; the thesis breaks through the monospecificity research and analyzed the layer level of the marxism and shows the adaptation and the copiosity of the theory

    二、突破了把馬克思社會經濟形態概念拘於生產關系的研究局限，論證了馬克思從生產方式即生產力與生產關系的對立統一的層面闡述社會經濟形態的思想，也由此表明馬克思這一理論的唯物性、實踐性；突破了對馬克思社會經濟形態理論內涵進行單一的歷史發展過程的研究局限，從社會經濟形態的縱向歷史和橫向構成兩個角度的綜合分析上來理解和把握馬克思的思想，也由此表明馬克思這一理論的科學性、完整性；突破了單一的層面的研究局限，創新性地分析了馬克思關于社會經濟形態的層次論，也由此表明馬克思這一理論的豐富性、適應性。
  18. The thesis project that small and medium - sized enterprises will be an necessary part in the national economy and play a more and more important role. in 21st century small and medium - sized enterprises will enter into a new phase, which will show some new characteristics and trend, i. e. exporting - typed economy forming ; scale economy developing and competition capability increasing ; brand and market becoming critical factors, organization style multiplying and modern enterprise system forming ; cooperation between east, middle and west parts intensifying

    本文認為在二十一世紀，中小企業仍然是經濟生活中不可缺少的一個部分，並將發揮其越來越重要的作用，中小企業的發展進入了一個新的階段，出現了一些新的特點和新的趨勢，即中小企業外向型經濟發展趨勢明顯；發展規模經濟，不斷增強競爭力；品牌和市場成為關鍵；組織形式更加多元化，向現代企業制度過渡；中小企業東西合作向縱深推進。
  19. At the basis of this interpret, the text makes a thorough study of economic efficiency of three types of mergence. ( such as horizontal merger, vertical merger and conglomerate merger ). in macro level, the rationality of m & a and its products lies in scale economics and also lies in reducing relevant costs & diversifying operation risk, etc. it sets forth good results of mergence to mechanism adjustment of production construction in detail

    然後，從企業績效角度的不同層面具體分析企業並購之動因，對橫向並購、縱向並購和混合併購等三種形式的經濟效率進行深入的比較研究，認為橫向並購可獲得規模經濟，在有限理性的環境下縱向並購可以降低交易費用，而混合併購可達到組合效應和降低經營風險的目的。
  20. ( 5 ) several group experimental result of solute transport in fractured medium was analysed in different direction. an experience formula of nacl solution was summarized, which changed in different position. the coefficient of advective - dispersive was deduced by means of back analysis based on the experimental results, which suited to solute transport in a single fracture of rock

    （ 5 ）通過裂隙中溶質運移的多組實驗結果進行橫、縱向的比較分析，總結出了nacl溶液濃度沿程變化的經驗公式；結合實驗結果針對所推導出的數學模型擬合出適合單裂隙巖體的溶質運移彌散系數。
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