缺變元 的英文怎麼說

And it can be divided into four phases of urban tourism of china, in which there are different characteristics. ( 2 ) the evolutive rules of urban tourism of china are as follows : 1 ) the exoteric extent of tourism notion is more and more swell ; 2 ) the form of urban tourism renovate with the development of cities ; 3 ) the layout of urban tourism inner and outer is from close and complanate to exoteric and tridimensional ; 4 ) the sustaining system of urban tourism is from absent to as clear as a bell, and will reach a rational and advanced extent. 5 ) the social delamination of urban tourism is form stern to syncretic ; 6 ) the evolvement tendency of urban tourism should be generalized as a curve of accumbent " s ", which present a course makes up of low - grade development, high - speed development and balanced development

主要觀點歸納如下： （ 1 ）城市旅遊是基於城市的發展而發展的，中國城市旅遊可分為古代、近代、現代和后現代四個階段，分別對應於前工業文明時期的城市旅遊、工業文明萌芽時期的城市旅遊、全面建設工業文明和后工業文明因素初露端倪時期的城市旅遊，以及邁向信息時代的城市旅遊，其間體現出不同的城市旅遊發展特徵； （ 2 ）經歷不同發展的時期，中國城市旅遊表現出如下的演進規律： 1 ）城市旅遊觀念開放程度逐漸增強，對城市旅遊的容納度日趨加大，對城市旅遊地位的認識從忽視到關注再成為生活的必要因素； 2 ）旅遊形式從單一走向多元，新的旅遊形式隨城市發展層出不窮； 3 ）城市旅遊的內外部空間聯系從封閉平面走向開放立體，達到網路化、連綿化、分區化、立體化布局； 4 ）城市旅遊支持系統從缺失走向健全，達到理性高端； 5 ）城市旅遊社會分層從森嚴走向融合，經歷了「小眾旅遊」 、 「大眾旅遊」 ，最終發展到「全民旅遊」 ； 6 ）城市旅遊產業演變態勢可以概括為一條橫臥的「 s 」曲線，表現為低開?高走?平穩發展。

Thirdly, resorting to cooperation - competition model of biomathematics, this thesis proposes a new co - evolution model. simulation results are shown to verify its effect and practicabilitv. last, standard methods for optimizing neural netvvorks are easily trapped into local optimization, and unable to adjust the structure of neural networks, thus their application is limited to certain extent

本文主要驗證和設計適應性操作運算元和小生境方法保持群體多樣性的能力，實驗表明兩種方法都能較好地達到目的；利用生物合作競爭模型設計協同演化來動態地改變群體規模，實驗表明該模型是有效的；人工神經網路是得到越來越廣泛應用的學習系統，但是由於學習演算法存在一定的缺陷，如易於陷入局部極值，難以調整網路的結構等，使神經網路的應用受到一定的限制。

Fourth, the paper treats two kinds of hoisting projects of high alititude construction in bulk and member assembly, hositing machine and plan layout, setting up scaffold and joints, and installing trunks, branches and joints etc. then in detail discusses the method which applys total station to measure three - dimensional coordinate of dendriform structure, including selecting survey sign points, creating survey system and converting survey coordinate system etc. the paper also deep research on the welding performance, welding method, welding process, welding stress and control, welding strain and rectification, weld defects analysis and weld quality inspection, and so on complicated heterogeneity steel weld proplems

接著系統的論述了高空散裝法和分單元安裝法兩種樹狀結構吊裝方案，樹狀結構吊裝機械及平面布置，樹狀結構胎架及節點的搭設，以及樹狀結構樹干、樹枝和節點的吊裝工藝等諸多工藝問題。詳細的論述了採用全站儀對樹狀結構進行空間三維坐標測量的方法，包括測量標志點的選取、測量系統的建立及測量坐標的轉換等問題。深入地研究了樹狀結構可焊性、焊接方法、焊接工藝、焊接應力及控制、焊接變形及矯正、焊接缺陷分析及焊接質量檢查等復雜的異種鋼焊接問題。

This paper supplied a new way through variable frequency variable speed ( vfvs ) to change its output flow rate and adding a constant - pressure - drop valve, which could solve the defects in hydraulic pressure servo control system, such as low efficiency in control system, short life, poor ability in resisting pollution, low efficiency in driving system and flow rate, pressure pulse. and this way was proved to be effective

本論文針對傳統伺服控制系統效率不高、元件壽命短、抗污染能力差、驅動系統效率低、存在流量及壓力脈動等缺陷，利用先進的交流變頻調速技術改變液壓泵轉速的容積調速新方法，提出了在液壓系統中加一個定差減壓閥的新思路，較好地解決了液壓伺服系統存在的上述問題。

Based the eag - i etchant, a new etchant was developed, with which the etch pit pattern on ( 110 ), ( 111 ) and ( 100 ) faces of czt crystals can emerge immediately and effectually. this pager investigated relation between the ( 110 ) faces of cutting from crystals conveniently and accurately by laser reflex method. by the surface treatment, the nuclear radiation detector was fabricated with ( 110 ) of czt crystal and strong 241am responsibility was observed

在改變e _ （ ag ）腐蝕液的配方的基礎上，研製了新的腐蝕液，可方便、快速、有效的顯示czt不同晶面的缺陷蝕坑形貌;研究了利用激光正反射法和自然解理的不同（ 110 ）面之間的關系，方便、快速、準確的進行定向切割晶體的方法;採用生長的czt單晶體自然解理的（ 110 ）面，經過表面處理，試制了探測器元件，對24lam有較強的響應。

However, this diversification of subjects does not rejigger the fact that these non - government public m - non - government public management organizations execute public power. all public power tend to dissimilation and these non - government public management organizations do have their own intrinsic shortcomings

但是，公共管理主體多元化並不能改變非政府公共管理組織行使的仍是公共權力的事實，但公共權力都存在異化的傾向，非政府公共管理組織也存在自身的缺陷。

Secondly, after analyzing the strategic relations between the manufacturer and the supplier, the dissertation brings forward that the manufacturer must category the materials and select different supplier to built relations, explains the features and the advantages and disadvantages of strategic partnerships, and bring forward that the manufacturer must give some special request for the supplier strategic partner. thirdly, the dissertation analyses and summarize the existing methods of supplier selection, and point out their disadvantages. then, the dissertation apply the extenics to the dynamic selection model of the strategic supplier, building the evaluation indexes with implication systems, selecting strategic supplier with rhombus thinking method, looking for the suppliers with the extension of the matter - element, selecting the right supplier with the extension evaluating methods, replacing the dissatisfying features with the transformation matter - element method and making it more better

本文首先對供應鏈管理和戰略合作夥伴關系的國內外研究現狀和發展趨勢進行了研究；其次，對製造商和供應商的戰略合作夥伴關系進行分析，指出了製造商需要對采購物料分類，針對戰略型物料選擇戰略合作夥伴建立戰略合作夥伴關系，闡明了建立戰略合作夥伴關系的特徵及優缺點，並提出了製造商對供應商戰略合作夥伴的具體要求；再次，對目前存在的供應商選擇方法進行了深入的分析和總結，指出了不足之處，並提出了應用可拓理論進行供應商戰略合作夥伴選擇的思路；然後，應用可拓理論建立供應商戰略合作夥伴選擇動態模型，其中，用蘊含系方法建立評價指標體系，用菱形思維建立選擇模型，利用物元的可擴性來尋找待評供應商，用可拓評價進行收斂，並用物元變換對已經選中供應商的不滿意特徵進行變換，使其完善；最後對r企業的供應商戰略合作夥伴選擇進行了本文模型的實證部分，使模型不僅具有理論意義，更具有實踐意義。

Because the parameters of pressure control system is inconstant and difficult to identify and the runtime of pressure control is long, a comprehensive intelligent control method is presented, which is composed of bang - bang control 、 fuzzy control and single neuron psd control. this comprehensive method takes advantage of the merits of three control methods to compensate their shortcomings

考慮到壓力控制系統具有參數易變且不易辨識、運行時間較長的特點，提出了採用由bang - bang控制、基本模糊控制和單神經元psd控制組成的智能復合控制策略，利用了各種控制演算法的優點，同時彌補了各自的缺點。

In the paper, the finite element simulation software dynafrom is applied to analyze the affect of different blank holder during the forming process of laminose stepped tubular part, predict the possible defects such as wrinkle and break, obtain the rational style of blank holder avoiding the occur of defects and determine the rational configuration of die. the forming affect of thin - wall shallow stepped tubular part is analyzed when using different lubricate condition ( friction coefficient ). by this method, the relationship between friction coefficient and drawing depth of laminose stepped tubular part is obtained

本文利用有限元模擬軟體dynafrom分析了不同類型的壓邊圈對薄壁階梯筒形件成形過程的影響規律，預測了採用不同類型壓邊圈時可能出現的成形缺陷如起皺和拉裂，獲得了防止缺陷產生的合理壓邊圈形式，確定了合理的模具結構形式；分析了不同的潤滑條件（摩擦系數）對薄板階梯筒形件成形的影響，獲得摩擦系數與薄板階梯筒形件的拉深深度的關系；分析了階梯筒形件成形過程中的不同階段的應力應變分佈、毛坯材料厚度變化情況，並獲得了階梯階梯筒形件能一次拉深成形的條件。

However, the wu culture lacked such a connotation as there was not a definite kind of burial custom concerning graves, and utensils of wu also lacked a fixed pattern or feature

然而吳文化卻缺乏這種獨特的內涵，其表現為吳人的墓葬沒有一定的形制與葬俗，吳人的器物也缺乏固定的器型與特色，吳文化的不定型和變動性反映出吳人兼收並包和多元雜糅的特點。

Based on plenty of domestic and overseas documentation and accurate data about social security, this thesis utilizes a number of research methods, such as analysis, induction, assumption, comparison and historical materialism, etc. in expounding the significance and methods of building up the legal system of china ’ s rural social security in an all - round way from the following four aspects of expatiating on the fundamental issues of social security and the evolution track of china ’ s rural social security, exploring the social and historical rootstock resulting in the long - term predicament encountered by china ’ s rural social security, analyzing the so - called social security function of rural land, demonstrating the significance and routes of building the legal system of china ’ s minimum living security and social endowment insurance for rural residents, so as to reveal that the social and historical rootstock resulting in the long - term predicament encountered by china ’ s rural social security lies in the long - term social structure system of compartmentation between urban and rural areas, which is typically characterized by attaching more importance to industry than to agriculture, drawing profits from agriculture to accelerate industry ’ s development, by studying historically the predicament encountered by china ’ s rural social security, to disclose the serious reality that currently most of farmers lack social security and indicate the great significance of building up the legal system of china ’ s rural social security by refuting the argument that rural land can provide social security function, to clarify the necessity and feasibility of constructing the legal

本文運用了分析、歸納、假設、比較和歷史唯物主義等研究方法，藉助國內外有關社會保障方面的大量研究資料和翔實數據，從闡述社會保障的基本問題與我國農村社會保障制度的歷史演變軌跡、探詢長期造成我國農村社會保障制度困境的社會歷史根源、分析農村土地的社會保障功能以及論證構建農村居民最低生活保障法律制度與農村社會養老保險法律制度的意義和路徑四個方面全面論述了構建中國農村社會保障法律體系的意義和方法，目的是通過對我國農村社會保障困境的歷史性考察揭示造成我國農村社會保障長期積弱局面的社會歷史根源就在於我國長期實行的重工輕農、以農養工的城鄉分割二元社會結構體制，通過對農地社會保障功能觀點的批駁揭示當前廣大農民缺乏社會保障的嚴峻現實，指出構建農村社會保障法律制度的重大意義，通過對構建中國農村居民最低生活保障法律制度和農村社會養老保險法律制度的積極探索論證構建我國農村社會保障法律體系的必要性和可行性。總之，同是作為中華人民共和國公民，無論是農村居民還是城市居民都應該在社會保障方面享有同等的權利。國家不能人為地重工輕農、厚此薄彼。

Some cases that laid particular emphasis on " thoughts exploration " are also comnlented. such as illich ' s theory of * ' deschooling society " and four kinds of learning netxxorks. goodman ' s " six substituting proposa1s ", the description of learning society based on self leaming principle in learning to be, etc.

在上述這些理念與行為的巨大變化背後，是更為深層的思維方式上的轉變，具體表現為：從樸素的經驗與缺少實證的思辨轉向以「假設驗證」為基本程序的實證主義經驗思維，以連續性原則超越二元對立思維方式、以系統思維方式超越線性思維方式，以動態生成觀點豐富穩態系統內部相互作用的觀點。

At present, the most of vtr which are used in watch - control occasion for speciality are short of a uniform control - check - alarm system, which brings on the discommodiousness of operation and the user can not know the time of occurring a fault, which reduces the reliability of the watch - control system. therefor, at first, i carefully analyze the servo theory of the vtr which had been produced by chmavc with k mechanism to find out the work rule of the control signal ; second, take out some right control signal ; then for dealing with the problem of vtr in use for watch - control, i choose some right components to design the uniform control system for many special vtr with protel software. it mainly includes the following functions : operation functions of all vtr ( for example : power, play, ff, rew, stop, rec, eject, fwd, rwd, sp, lp ) was controlled by line at the same time ; in, the process of recording, when the tape walks to the end or stops by itself, the system gives an alarm and shows the number of the wrong vtr ; in the process of recording, the system gives an alarm and shows the number of the wrong vtr when the video signal from vidicon is losed ; the system controls all vtr to record on the non - working time when there is something wrong in the guarding section ; the system controls the video from vtr to switch to right monitor

目前，用在監控場合的業務用錄像機普遍缺乏一個統一的控制及檢測報警系統，這就導致了操作的不方便和出現了故障用戶不知道，降低了監控系統的可靠性，為此，我首先對華錄松下生產的k機芯的錄像機伺服原理進行仔細分析，找出各個伺服控制信號的控制變化規律；然後從中選出合適的控制信號；針對目前錄像機在實際監控使用過程中存在的問題，選用合適的元器件；運用protel繪圖軟體，設計了這個多臺業務用錄像機的統一控制系統，她主要包括以下功能：錄像機操作功能（如power play ff rew stop rec eject及正尋反尋帶速設定等）的統一線控控制功能；磁帶在記錄過程中，磁帶到頭和磁帶自己「偷停」的報警，並要能顯示出具體是哪一臺錄像機；在記錄狀態下，攝像頭輸入信號丟失報警，並要能顯示出具體是哪一臺錄像機；在休息或其他不需要記錄時，一旦警戒區有情況，則控制所有機器自動進入錄像狀態的功能；從錄像機輸出的監控圖像信號對監視器的切換功能。

2 bullock r ， zauner a ， woodwand j ， et al. massive persistent release of excitatory amino acids following human occlusive. stroke ， 1995 ， 26 : 2187

4鄭健，董為偉，趙士福.大鼠腦缺血再灌流后海馬氨基酸水平變化與神經元損害的關系探討.中風與神經疾病雜志， 1999 ， 16 ： 73

The magnesium alloy is considered as this metal incendiary agent. changing the components of the traditional magnesium alloy, we find a new magnesium alloy, which can set fire to the wooden ammunition chests more effectively

確定用鎂基合金作為此種高能燃燒劑，針對傳統鎂基合金產生熱量不足的缺點，通過添加某種金屬元素改變其組成成分，得到具有良好縱火效果的新型鎂基合金。

In this paper, the high - temperature low - cycle fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation life tests are carried on the cylindrical axial symmetry specimens having precrack or non - precrack with different types of notches of 16mnr steel in common use in the petrochemical industry contacting coke drum equipment, the stress / strain and the range of stress / strain of dangerous points are received through stress analysis of the specimens using finite element program under multi - axial stress state. at last, the equations of evaluating the high - temperature low - cycle fatigue life and the fatigue crack propagation life are found through using the least - square regression method

本文採用無預裂紋和帶預裂紋環狀缺口圓柱形試樣，進行了石化焦炭塔設備常用材料16mnr多維應力狀態下不同缺口形式的高溫低周疲勞總壽命試驗及裂紋擴展壽命試驗，並利用有限元程序對試樣缺口周圍及裂紋尖端附近進行了軸對稱多維應力狀態下的應力、應變場分析，來評價材料不同條件下的高溫低周疲勞總壽命和裂紋擴展壽命，最後利用最小二乘回歸方法，得到了該材料高溫低周疲勞總壽命和裂紋擴展壽命評價方程。

Several materials with large coefficient of expansion were selected to make packaging components, and it was found that the packaging materials have good temperature sensitivity and compatibility with optical fibers. experimental accuracy and repetition of fbg temperature sensitivity and compensation were discussed. have selected several materials which has bigger coefficient of expansion to do packaging components, have made many temperature experiments, there have not flaws, such as aging, crackle, absciss layer, packaging materials have good temperature sensitivity and compatibility with optical fiber ; have designed the simple and practical packaging components, have performed a serials of experiments about accuracy and repetition of fbg wave - length, have obtained the first step conclusion ; have analyzed the result and made comparison between the result of different experiment, have summarized the best packaging effect and several rules to reduce mistskes

本文所做的主要工作包括以下幾個內容：一、選取了常見的熱膨脹系數大的材料製作封裝元件，經過多次一80到80反復測試，封裝元件沒有出現老化開裂、封裝裂紋、空洞、離層等缺陷，封裝材料具有良好的溫敏穩定性及復用性，與光纖相容性較好；二、對光纖光柵進行簡單、實用的封裝處理，就封裝效果的優劣性、波長測量的準確度、重復性和封裝時產生的波長損失等方面進行了一系列的實驗，得出了初步的結論；三、對溫敏和溫度補償式封裝的實驗數據進行了詳細的分析和對比，從數字上對溫變過程中光纖光柵中心波長的改變及溫變曲線進行了定量的分析，在大量實驗數據分析結果的基礎上，總結出哪種材料封裝效果更好，以及如何有效的減小實驗誤差。

Find the law of the influence from the injection pressure to the filling time and the cavity pressure and make certain of the best filling time, injection time and injection pressure. though the analysis of the flowing velocity and pressure spread of the key position element in the injection parts in different gate position, we forecast the injection parts quality and the possibility injection flaw and its position, optimize the gate position. in this paper, though the research of analogue of the runner system of metal - powder injection molding and the process of injection molding, we get the law of how the injection parameter influence the injection process

在相同的注射條件下，通過分析喂料在不同直徑和長度流道中的流動規律，得到了喂料在流道中的速度場、壓力場和溫度場，找到了流道長徑比的合理取值范圍，並得出通過改變流道設計可實現對現有設備資源充分利用的結論；給出了不同注射壓力下，型腔壓力與充模時間關系曲線和喂料熔體平均充填速度與充模時間關系的曲線，得到了注射壓力對充填時間和型腔壓力的影響規律，確定了最佳的充模時間、注射時間和注射壓力；通過分析採用不同位置澆口注射時注射件關鍵位置單元的流動速度和壓力分佈，預測了注射件的成形質量，或可能產生的注射缺陷及位置，優化了澆口設置。

The new bursel lipid control, moisturizing and repairing mask, contains high concentrates moisturizing elements, instantaneous is changed young the skin slides, the moist gloss, effectively improves the skin of rough and lack of the water, the activation cell and the supplement moisture, again match " moisturizing & repairing the element ", the acceleration transmission moisture and the nutrition to the skin basement, let the skin rapid regeneration, and may adjust the sebum the secretion

全新白詩極速水療控油麵膜，含高濃縮迅保濕分子，令肌膚瞬間變得幼滑，濕潤光澤，有效改善皮膚粗糙和缺水問題，活化細胞及補充水份，再配合「水療修護元素」 ，加速傳送水份及營養到肌膚底層，讓肌膚迅速再生，並可調節皮脂的分泌。

Secondly, overcoming drawback of single variable fitting ar models lacking of other variables acting on factor variable, a set of the trace formulas are given about the time - change coefficient matrixes of multivariable fitting ar models

2應用逐段線性化的方法推導出了多維ar （ r ）自適應模型時變系數矩陣的遞推公式，克服了單變量ar （ r ）自適應模型沒有考慮其他變元對因變元的作用的缺陷。